chapter 1 chapter 1: networking with microsoft windows 2000 server

Chapter 1

Chapter 1: Networking with Microsoft

Windows 2000 Server

Chapter 1: Networking with Microsoft

Windows 2000 Server

Chapter 1

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Plan what network model to apply to Plan what network model to apply to your networkyour network

Compare the differences between Compare the differences between Windows 2000 Professional, Server, Windows 2000 Professional, Server, Advanced Server, and DatacenterAdvanced Server, and Datacenter

Explain Windows 2000 capabilities as a Explain Windows 2000 capabilities as a server operating systemserver operating system

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Learning Objectives (continued)Learning Objectives (continued)

Explain the new features in Windows Explain the new features in Windows 20002000

Describe the file systems that are Describe the file systems that are compatible with Windows 2000 and compatible with Windows 2000 and choose the file system that is right for choose the file system that is right for your serveryour server

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Basic Network ConceptsBasic Network Concepts

Network Operating System (NOS)Network Operating System (NOS) Software that enables computer users to Software that enables computer users to

share computer equipment, software, and share computer equipment, software, and data, voice, and video transmissionsdata, voice, and video transmissions

NetworkNetwork A communications system that enables A communications system that enables

computer users to share computer computer users to share computer equipment, software, and data, voice, and equipment, software, and data, voice, and video transmissionsvideo transmissions

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Network in the UnitedStates

Network in Austra lia

Figure 1-1 Figure 1-1 Networking across Networking across

continentscontinents

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ClientClient A computer that accesses resources on A computer that accesses resources on

another computer via a network or by a another computer via a network or by a direct connectiondirect connection

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WorkstationWorkstation A computer that has its own CPU and may A computer that has its own CPU and may

be used as a standalone computer for word be used as a standalone computer for word processing, spreadsheet creation, or other processing, spreadsheet creation, or other software applications. It also may be used software applications. It also may be used to access another computer such as a to access another computer such as a mainframe computer or file server, as long mainframe computer or file server, as long as the necessary network hardware and as the necessary network hardware and software are installed.software are installed.

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Peer-to-Peer Network ModelPeer-to-Peer Network Model

Peer-to-peer networkPeer-to-peer network A network where any computer can A network where any computer can

communicate with other networked communicate with other networked computers on an equal or peer-like basis computers on an equal or peer-like basis without going through an intermediary, without going through an intermediary, such as a server or host.such as a server or host.

Often used in very small organizations, Often used in very small organizations, such as a two to ten person office.such as a two to ten person office.

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A Simple Peer-to-peer NetworkA Simple Peer-to-peer Network

Hub

Figure 1-2 A simple peer-to-peer network without a serverFigure 1-2 A simple peer-to-peer network without a server

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Advantages of Peer-to-Peer Networking

Advantages of Peer-to-Peer Networking

A group of computers can share files, A group of computers can share files, folders, and printersfolders, and printers

Peer-to-peer networking is easy to set upPeer-to-peer networking is easy to set up Supports using workgroupsSupports using workgroups

A Microsoft workgroup is a number of users A Microsoft workgroup is a number of users who share drive and printer resources in an who share drive and printer resources in an independent peer-to-peer relationship. independent peer-to-peer relationship.

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Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer Networking

Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer Networking

Offers only moderate network securityOffers only moderate network security No centralized storage or account No centralized storage or account

management management Not effective for complex network Not effective for complex network

managementmanagement Not optimized for simultaneous access Not optimized for simultaneous access

by over 9 or 10 computersby over 9 or 10 computers

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Server-Based Network ModelServer-Based Network Model

Server-based networkServer-based network A model in which access to the network, to A model in which access to the network, to

resources, and the management of resources, and the management of resources is accomplished through one or resources is accomplished through one or more servers.more servers.

Used particularly in medium and large Used particularly in medium and large organizations.organizations.

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A Server-Based NetworkA Server-Based Network

W indows 3.11

W indows 95

W indows 2000 Professional

W indows 98

W indows NT W orkstation 4.0 Connecting hub

W indows 2000 Server

M acintosh

UNIX

Figure 1-3 A server-based networkFigure 1-3 A server-based network

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Advantages of the Server-Based ModelAdvantages of the

Server-Based Model

Provides extensive multiuser access to Provides extensive multiuser access to resourcesresources

Ideal for coordinated server and Ideal for coordinated server and network managementnetwork management

Provides robust security to network Provides robust security to network resourcesresources

Contributes to fast network performanceContributes to fast network performance

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Disadvantages of the Server-Based ModelDisadvantages of the Server-Based Model

Generally requires more advanced Generally requires more advanced planning than peer-to-peer networkingplanning than peer-to-peer networking

Can be more complex to set up than Can be more complex to set up than peer-to-peer networkingpeer-to-peer networking

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Using Windows 2000 Server in a Server-Based Model

Using Windows 2000 Server in a Server-Based Model

Enables extensive file, folder, and printer Enables extensive file, folder, and printer sharingsharing

Access to resources can be centralized, Access to resources can be centralized, decentralized, or a combination of bothdecentralized, or a combination of both

Provides robust management of software Provides robust management of software applicationsapplications

Provides a strong platform for e-mail, Provides a strong platform for e-mail, Web services, and e-commerceWeb services, and e-commerce

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Using Windows 2000 Server in a Server-Based Model (continued)Using Windows 2000 Server in a Server-Based Model (continued)

Enables coordinated backups of Enables coordinated backups of network data resourcesnetwork data resources

Sharing of computer resources can be Sharing of computer resources can be arranged to reflect the work patterns of arranged to reflect the work patterns of groups within an organizationgroups within an organization

Server administration can save time and Server administration can save time and money when installing software and money when installing software and software upgradessoftware upgrades

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Total Cost of OwnershipTotal Cost of Ownership

Total Cost of Ownership: The cost of Total Cost of Ownership: The cost of installing and maintaining computers installing and maintaining computers and equipment on a network, which and equipment on a network, which includes hardware, software, includes hardware, software, maintenance, and support costs.maintenance, and support costs.

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Windows 2000 Professional Windows 2000 Professional

Designed for workstation useDesigned for workstation use Used with Windows 2000 Server to Used with Windows 2000 Server to

reduce the TCOreduce the TCO Supports up to two processorsSupports up to two processors Handles up to 4 GB of RAMHandles up to 4 GB of RAM

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Windows 2000 ServerWindows 2000 Server

A full featured server operating systemA full featured server operating system Supports up to four processorsSupports up to four processors Handles up to 4 GB of RAMHandles up to 4 GB of RAM Offers a wide range of services and Offers a wide range of services and

user connectivity optionsuser connectivity options

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Example Windows 2000 Server Services

Example Windows 2000 Server Services

Handles virtually unlimited user Handles virtually unlimited user connections (depending on the connections (depending on the hardware)hardware)

Active Directory managementActive Directory management Network managementNetwork management Web-based management servicesWeb-based management services Network-wide security managementNetwork-wide security management

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Example Windows 2000 Server Services (continued)

Example Windows 2000 Server Services (continued)

Network storage managementNetwork storage management Remote network access Remote network access Terminal servicesTerminal services Distributed file servicesDistributed file services High-speed network connectivityHigh-speed network connectivity Application services managementApplication services management Network printer managementNetwork printer management

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Windows 2000 Server Versions Target Applications

Windows 2000 Server Versions Target Applications

Windows 2000 ServerWindows 2000 Server Provides full server services as a file, print, Provides full server services as a file, print,

Web, e-mail, and e-commerce serverWeb, e-mail, and e-commerce server Windows 2000 Advanced ServerWindows 2000 Advanced Server

Intended for high-end enterprise networks Intended for high-end enterprise networks that use server clusteringthat use server clustering

Windows 2000 DatacenterWindows 2000 Datacenter Intended for large databasesIntended for large databases

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Windows 2000 Server Versions Compared

Windows 2000 Server Versions Compared

Windows 2000 ServerWindows 2000 Server Up to 4 processors and 4 GB of RAMUp to 4 processors and 4 GB of RAM

Windows 2000 Advanced ServerWindows 2000 Advanced Server Up to 8 processors, 8 GB of RAM, and Up to 8 processors, 8 GB of RAM, and

supports server clusteringsupports server clustering Windows 2000 DatacenterWindows 2000 Datacenter

Up to 32 processors, 64 GB of RAM, and Up to 32 processors, 64 GB of RAM, and supports server clusteringsupports server clustering

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Server ClusteringServer Clustering

Clustering: The ability to share the Clustering: The ability to share the computing load and resources by linking computing load and resources by linking two or more discrete computer systems two or more discrete computer systems to function as though they are one.to function as though they are one.

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ClusteringClustering

W orkstation

W orkstation

Connecting hub




W orkstation

W orkstation

W orkstation

C lusteredservers

acting asone

Figure 1-4Figure 1-4Server clusteringServer clustering

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Windows 2000 Server Fundamental CapabilitiesWindows 2000 Server

Fundamental Capabilities

Sharing ResourcesSharing Resources Managing ResourcesManaging Resources Scalability and compatibilityScalability and compatibility ReliabilityReliability DistributabilityDistributability Fault toleranceFault tolerance Internet integration and e-commerceInternet integration and e-commerce

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Sharing ResourcesSharing Resources

Data files and foldersData files and folders Centralized access and fast searches, particularly Centralized access and fast searches, particularly

when the Active Directory is implementedwhen the Active Directory is implemented

PrintersPrinters Easily configured and published printer resourcesEasily configured and published printer resources

Application SoftwareApplication Software Network installation or option to run software on Network installation or option to run software on

the serverthe server

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Mapped Drive or FolderMapped Drive or Folder

Mapped drive or folder: A disk volume Mapped drive or folder: A disk volume or folder that is shared on the network or folder that is shared on the network by a server or workstation. It gives by a server or workstation. It gives designated network workstations designated network workstations access to the files and data in its shared access to the files and data in its shared volume or folder. The workstation, via volume or folder. The workstation, via software, determines a drive letter for software, determines a drive letter for the shared volume, which is the the shared volume, which is the workstation’s map to the data. workstation’s map to the data.

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Shared DrivesShared Drives

W orkstation

W orkstation

W orkstation

W orkstation

W orkstation Connecting hub


W orkstation (laptop)

Laser prin ter

W orkstationaccessingshared driveson the server

Shareddrives

Figure 1-5Figure 1-5Accessing sharedAccessing shared

server drivesserver drives

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Managing ResourcesManaging Resources

Windows 2000 provides a coordinated Windows 2000 provides a coordinated way to manage network resourcesway to manage network resources

The Active Directory is one example of The Active Directory is one example of a resource management toola resource management tool

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ResourceResource

Resource: has two meanings depending on Resource: has two meanings depending on the contextthe context On an Windows 2000 Server network, a file On an Windows 2000 Server network, a file

server, shared printer, or shared directory server, shared printer, or shared directory that can be accessed by usersthat can be accessed by users

On a workstation or server, a resource is On a workstation or server, a resource is an IRQ, I/O address, or memory that is an IRQ, I/O address, or memory that is allocated to a computer component, such allocated to a computer component, such as a disk drive or communications portas a disk drive or communications port

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SecuritySecurity

Windows 2000 Server is designed to be Windows 2000 Server is designed to be compatible with the U.S. Government’s compatible with the U.S. Government’s C2 top secret class of security:C2 top secret class of security: File and folder protectionFile and folder protection Account and network access passwordsAccount and network access passwords File, folder, and account auditingFile, folder, and account auditing Server access protection on a networkServer access protection on a network Server management controlsServer management controls

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Scalability and CompatibilityScalability and Compatibility

Scalable: A computer operating system Scalable: A computer operating system that can be used on small to large that can be used on small to large computers, such as those with a single computers, such as those with a single Intel-based processor and larger Intel-based processor and larger computers, such as those with multiple computers, such as those with multiple processors.processors.

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Symmetric MultiprocessorSymmetric Multiprocessor

Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP): A Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP): A type of computer with two or more type of computer with two or more CPUs that share the processing load.CPUs that share the processing load.

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Windows 2000 Server Host System Compatibility

Windows 2000 Server Host System Compatibility

Windows 2000 Server can communicate with Windows 2000 Server can communicate with many kinds of other host operating systems.many kinds of other host operating systems. IBM mainframeIBM mainframe Novell NetWareNovell NetWare UNIXUNIX BanyanBanyan DECDEC

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Windows 2000 Server Client System Compatibility

Windows 2000 Server Client System Compatibility

Typical operating systems that access Typical operating systems that access Windows 2000 Server as clients are:Windows 2000 Server as clients are: MS-DOSMS-DOS Windows 3.xWindows 3.x Windows 95 and Windows 98Windows 95 and Windows 98 Windows NT Windows NT Windows 2000Windows 2000 MacintoshMacintosh UNIXUNIX

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ReliabilityReliability

Windows 2000 Server is reliable Windows 2000 Server is reliable because the kernel operates in because the kernel operates in privileged modeprivileged mode

MS-DOS and Windows 16-bit programs MS-DOS and Windows 16-bit programs run in the virtual DOS machine so they run in the virtual DOS machine so they do not impact 32-bit programs and the do not impact 32-bit programs and the operating system, which are running at operating system, which are running at the same timethe same time

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Operating System KernelOperating System Kernel

Kernel: An essential set of programs Kernel: An essential set of programs and computer code that allows a and computer code that allows a computer operating system to control computer operating system to control processor, disk, memory, and other processor, disk, memory, and other functions central to the basic operation functions central to the basic operation of a computer.of a computer.

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Windows 2000 Privileged ModeWindows 2000 Privileged Mode

Privileged mode: A protected memory Privileged mode: A protected memory space allocated for the Windows 2000 space allocated for the Windows 2000 kernel that cannot be directly accessed kernel that cannot be directly accessed by software applications.by software applications.

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Virtual DOS MachineVirtual DOS Machine

Virtual DOS Machine: Virtual DOS Machine: In Windows 2000, a In Windows 2000, a process that emulates an MS-DOS process that emulates an MS-DOS window in which to run MS-DOS or 16-bit window in which to run MS-DOS or 16-bit Windows programs in a designated area Windows programs in a designated area of memory.of memory.

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Multitasking and MultithreadingMultitasking and Multithreading

Windows 2000 reliability includes Windows 2000 reliability includes multitasking and multithreading.multitasking and multithreading. Multitasking: The capability of a computer Multitasking: The capability of a computer

to run two or more programs at the same to run two or more programs at the same time.time.

Multithreading:Multithreading: Running several program Running several program processes or parts (threads) at the same processes or parts (threads) at the same time. Windows 2000 uses preemptive time. Windows 2000 uses preemptive multitasking.multitasking.

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Fault ToleranceFault Tolerance

Fault Tolerance: Techniques that Fault Tolerance: Techniques that employ hardware and software to employ hardware and software to provide assurance against equipment provide assurance against equipment failures, computer service interruptions, failures, computer service interruptions, and data loss.and data loss.

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Internet Integration and Electronic Commerce

Internet Integration and Electronic Commerce

Windows 2000 Server comes with many Windows 2000 Server comes with many Internet-related services.Internet-related services. Web serverWeb server Intranet and VPN servicesIntranet and VPN services Media servicesMedia services HTML and XML compatibilityHTML and XML compatibility FTP ServicesFTP Services

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New Windows 2000 Server Features

New Windows 2000 Server Features

Active DirectoryActive Directory A Windows 2000 database of computers, A Windows 2000 database of computers,

users, shared printers, shared folders, and users, shared printers, shared folders, and other network resources, and resource other network resources, and resource groupings that is used to manage a groupings that is used to manage a network and enable users to quickly find a network and enable users to quickly find a particular resource.particular resource.

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New Windows 2000 Server Features (continued)

New Windows 2000 Server Features (continued)

International language capabilityInternational language capability Supports more languages and even Supports more languages and even

multiple versions of the same language, multiple versions of the same language, such as English used in Britain or English such as English used in Britain or English used in the United Statesused in the United States

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FAT16FAT16

AdvantagesAdvantages Supported by may small computer systemsSupported by may small computer systems Low operating overheadLow operating overhead Partitions up to 4 GB (in Windows NT or 2000)Partitions up to 4 GB (in Windows NT or 2000) File sizes up to 2 GBFile sizes up to 2 GB

DisadvantagesDisadvantages Can become corrupted over timeCan become corrupted over time Limited file and folder security and no auditingLimited file and folder security and no auditing Does not support long filenamesDoes not support long filenames

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FAT32FAT32

AdvantagesAdvantages More robust then FAT16More robust then FAT16 Enables smaller allocation units than FAT16 (in Enables smaller allocation units than FAT16 (in

Windows 2000)Windows 2000) Supports volumes up to 32 GB in Windows 2000Supports volumes up to 32 GB in Windows 2000 Supports long file namesSupports long file names

DisadvantagesDisadvantages Limited file and folder security and no auditingLimited file and folder security and no auditing Cannot decrease cluster sizeCannot decrease cluster size

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NTFS 4NTFS 4

NTFS 4 is used in Windows NT 4.0 and has NTFS 4 is used in Windows NT 4.0 and has the following featuresthe following features Support for long file namesSupport for long file names Files can be compressedFiles can be compressed Large file capacityLarge file capacity File activity trackingFile activity tracking POSIX supportPOSIX support Volume striping and volume extensionsVolume striping and volume extensions

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NTFS 5NTFS 5

NTFS 5 is used in Windows 2000 and has the NTFS 5 is used in Windows 2000 and has the following new features following new features Ability to encrypt filesAbility to encrypt files No system reboot after creating extended or No system reboot after creating extended or

spanned volumesspanned volumes Ability to reduce drive designations (mount drives)Ability to reduce drive designations (mount drives) Indexing for fast accessIndexing for fast access Ability to retain shortcuts and other file information Ability to retain shortcuts and other file information

when files are transferred between volumeswhen files are transferred between volumes Ability to set disk quotasAbility to set disk quotas

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CDFS and UDFCDFS and UDF

Windows 2000 supports CDFS and Windows 2000 supports CDFS and UDFUDF Compact disk file system (CDFS) is a 32-Compact disk file system (CDFS) is a 32-

bit file system used on standard capacity bit file system used on standard capacity CD-ROMs.CD-ROMs.

Universal Disk Format (UDF) is a Universal Disk Format (UDF) is a removable disk formatting standard used removable disk formatting standard used for large capacity CD-ROMs and DVD-for large capacity CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs.ROMs.

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Choosing a File SystemChoosing a File System

As a general rule, plan to use NTFS unless As a general rule, plan to use NTFS unless you need to use FAT16 or FAT32 for you need to use FAT16 or FAT32 for backward compatibility on a system, such as backward compatibility on a system, such as for a dual boot system.for a dual boot system.

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FAT and NTFS ComparedFAT and NTFS Compared

Feature FAT16 FAT32 NTFS

Total volume size 4 GB 2 GB to 2 TB 2 TB

Maximum file size 2 GB 4 GB Theoretical

limit of 16

exabytes

Compatible with

floppy disks

Yes Yes No

Table 1-1 FAT and NTFS compared

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FAT and NTFS Compared (continued)



Filename length 11 characters 256 characters 256 characters

Security Limited security

based on

attributes and

shares

Limited security

based on

attributes and

shares

C2 compatible

security and

auditing options

File

compression

Supported with

extra utilities

Supported with

extra utilities

Supported as part

of NTFS

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File activity

tracking

None None Tracking via a log

POSIX support None Limited POSIX.1 support

Hot fix Limited Limited Supports hot fix

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Large database

support

Limited Yes Yes

Multiple disk

drives in one

volume

No No Yes

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Chapter SummaryChapter Summary

Network servers are used in familiar Network servers are used in familiar and expected places. One example of a and expected places. One example of a familiar place is as a Web server. familiar place is as a Web server.

The use of server-based networks is The use of server-based networks is outpacing peer-to-peer networks.outpacing peer-to-peer networks.

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Windows 2000 Server offers traditional Windows 2000 Server offers traditional and new server capabilitiesand new server capabilities File and printer sharingFile and printer sharing C2-compatible securityC2-compatible security Web and network communicationsWeb and network communications Network management capabilitiesNetwork management capabilities Active DirectoryActive Directory Zero Administration for WindowsZero Administration for Windows

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NTFS is a central feature of Windows NTFS is a central feature of Windows 2000 because it offers:2000 because it offers: Strong securityStrong security Fault toleranceFault tolerance File compressionFile compression IndexingIndexing Disk quotasDisk quotas File encryptionFile encryption

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Windows 2000 retains backward Windows 2000 retains backward compatibility with:compatibility with: FAT16FAT16 FAT32FAT32

chapter 1 chapter 1: networking with microsoft windows 2000 server

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