chapter 1 design composition permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.©...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 1
Design Composition
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Objectives
• Detail the components of a game and differentiate between a game and a toy.
• List the roles and responsibilities of the specialists within a video game design team.
• Explain what is meant by the scope, or life cycle, or a video game.
• Outline the five Ps that guide the development of most video games.
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Objectives (Continued)
• Define piracy and explain how it impacts the video game industry.
• Describe the four major types of business ownership.
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Game Composition
• A game is a specific type of activity with three parts– Game environment is an area that enables gameplay– Rules state how a game is to be played– A victory condition is what it takes to win the game
• Toys do not have all three parts and are not games
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Video Game Classification
• Gameplay is what the player does• Core mechanics is the computer programming
used to enforce the rules• Genre is a major category of video game
gameplay• Genres are further broken down into themes• Examples include action, fighting, and puzzle
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Examples of Genres and Themes
ActionAdventureBat and BallCrimeFlightHorrorPlatformTactical
Board Games, Card Games, Game Show
Educational/Edutainment
FightingMartial ArtsOther
Music and PartyDance MusicParty Singing
PuzzleGuessing game Logic puzzleTransport puzzleWord puzzle
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Examples of Genres and Themes(Continued)
Role Playing (RPG)Single/ multiplayerMassive multiplayer
ShooterFirst PersonSide Scrolling (shoot ‘em)Third person
SimulationA-lifeFlightSimTycoon
SportsBaseballBasketballBowlingFishingFootballGolfHockeyHunting RacingSkateboardingTennisWrestling
StrategyTurn based
ToysAl petsScreen savers
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Video Game Design Team
• A design team is a group of people who bring the idea of a video game into a playable version
• A design team is made up of specialists who have the right skills for a project
• Examples include artists, programmers, and game writers
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Video Game Scope
• Video games have a life cycle • Video game publishers fund most major video
games• The publisher manufactures, markets, and
supports each video game, or title• To finance your game, you need to convince a
publisher to take on your game project
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Project Composition
• Video games are developed following the five Ps of video game publishing– Pitch– Preproduction– Production– Post production– Patch and return distribution
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Pitch
• A pitch document is used to sell the game idea to the video game publisher– The high-concept document is a one-page overview of
the basic idea for a game– The game-treatment document explains the vision of
the game in greater detail– A game-treatment document should be designed as a
leave-behind document
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Preproduction
• Preproduction includes concept elaboration and prototyping
• Design documents contain all of the decisions used to make the game
• The proof of concept shows that the concept can work
• Provisional approval means approval has been given to start the project
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Preproduction (Continued)
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Production
• Production is the stage where specialists build all the parts for the game
• The art bible contains a drawing or mock-up for every asset that needs to be created
• The technical bible is a binder filled with all the programming structure for the game
• The first playable level is the first iteration of the game’s first level that can be tested
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Production (Continued)
• The design team discusses progress and issues with the game project
• All changes are recorded on the design history• Major changes result in a new version• The project is broken down into tasks • A length of time is assigned to each task• Using the critical path method (CPM), all tasks
are prioritized
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Post Production
• Post production includes testing, tuning, and distribution– Games are tested for functionality and playability– Tuning is polishing the game to perfection– Porting is converting a game from one platform to
another– Distribution is how the game is sent to the customer
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Post Production (Continued)
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Patches and Return Distribution
• When a customer purchases a game and it does not work, the game has to be fixed or refunded
• A patch is a software installation program that fixes known bugs or damaged programming
• The publisher will try to put a positive spin on patches
• The patch may be called an upgrade
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Five Ps of Video Game Publishing
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Piracy
• The video game design process is threatened by piracy
• Piracy is the illegal copying or distribution of copyrighted material, such as a video game
• Piracy is a form of theft• If the companies that make games do not receive
money for their work, they may stop creating new games
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Types of Business Ownership
• In the game industry, there are many of each type of business organization
• An indie company is small and considered to be independent
• A corporation is a legal entity that limits the personal liabilities of its owners– Corporations are owned by stockholders– Corporations may pay dividends to stockholders
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Types of Business Ownership (Continued)
• A partnership is owned by two or more people– Partners may share ownership equally or unequally– A limited partner does not take part in running the
company
• A limited partnership or company limits the personal liability for its owners
• A sole proprietorship is owned by a single person
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Review Your Knowledge
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• Which genre of video games do you find most interesting or challenging? Why?
• Consider the various jobs of specialists on a game design team, such as game writer and creative director. Which job appeals most to you as a possible career choice?