chapter 1 - dr. fenwick english, leadership for dr. kritsonis' phd class

8/8/2019 Chapter 1 - Dr. Fenwick English, Leadership for Dr. Kritsonis' PhD Class

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The Art of Educational LeadershipBalancing Performance and Accountability

Chapter 1: The Leadership

Challenge

William AllanKritsonis, PhD



The Science of Leadership vs.

The Art of Leadership

• Science – Taught & measured by lectures,textbooks, and licensure exams

• Art – Measured by practice (learning by doing)

- modeling- observation

- must pass the “test of credibility” in realschooling situations



Leaders and Leadership are Universal in

the Human Experience

• Partial Leadership – Informal or indigenous leaders within anorganization.

• Grassroots political organizer Saul Alinsky (1909-1972) was afirm believer than leadership within an organization couldexist within the rank and file, not just at the head. In orderfor an organization to be effective, organizers/persons had toknow who the true leaders were.

Point to Ponder…When have you experienced partialleadership in your professional or personal life?Somewhere in your past, people looked up to you foryour thoughts or deeds. This partial leadershipexperience (if it were positive) undoubtedly led youto pursue the path tocomplete leadership.



Guiding Question:

What is the path to transformation in

becoming a complete leader?

• Formal Academic Study (Pedagogy and Practice)

• Internship in a real educational setting complete withmentoring & opportunity for practice*

•Continuation of your personal and professional growth

*Internship as a part of the path to complete leadership is critical-

leadership candidates need an opportunity to try out the skills and

knowledge acquired in the university classroom.



The Path to Complete Leadership, cont’d.

• A Purposive Construction of Self Emerging leaders must carefully construct a public version of their persona,

referred to ask the “Mask of Command”

When we are leading, we are acting out a role, hence leadership is an art form

The art of leadership is a public performance that unlike acting, it requires the

necessary background and skills necessary to do the job Key to the art of leadership is the emerging leader’s ability to constantly reinvent

themselves, particularly in the face of defeat

Point to Ponder: Think about the leaders you have known –when technology, standards, or approaches/measures tolearning have changed, how has the leader’s ability tochange or reinvent themselves contributed to their successor failure?




• The Importance of IndividualAgency

Individual agency represents the “man on a

mission” – one person driven by their owncommitment, ideals, a mission, or a cause tomake a difference

Leaders are made, not born – much of what we

come to know about leaders (or believe) isactually constructed by his or her followers




Common Elements

S c

i e n c

e

A r t



Leadership vs. Management

• Manager: A maintenance role; seeks to improve thefunctions of the current organization. A manager is bound tothe organization, maintains a conservative outlook, and isslow to accept change (possible threat to existence)

• Leader: Primary function is to change the organization

Managers are the least likely to affect significant change within anorganization. Change, when initiated by management, is considered tobe more “tinkering” than real transformation.

W. Edwards Deming (father of TQM) indicated that “significant change inan organization can never be brought without outside intervention”. Asystem cannot fully understand itself.



Activity: Reform vs. Refinement?

Block Scheduling Cooperative LearningPerformance Pay Curriculum Alignment

Looping Vouchers & CharterSchools

Parental Involvement Strategic Planning

Writing Across theCurriculum

Phonics

The Middle School Constructivist Teaching

Accountability Zero-Based Budgeting

Group Counseling Clinical Supervision

Gifted Education Team Teaching

Differentiated Instruction De-tracking



Leadership vs. Management, cont’d.

So…which persona is better for schools? Leaders or Managers?

Fenwick English:

“Schools are in desperate need of both leaders

and managers…Leadership is necessary to organizational growthand change. If an organization is not managed, it cannot be

led well.”

Leadership and management, though different, must work in

tandem to effectively run a school.



Conclusion and Final Considerations

• Partial leadership experiences guide us to desire to be a “complete leader”. The pathto complete leadership includes:

Formal academic study, internship experience, and personal/professional growth

Purposive construction of self

Individual agency

Management and leadership capacity

Final Points to Ponder…1.Are we as educators performing more in a

management or a leadership capacity?2.Do you agree with English that the path tocomplete leadership must pass through theinternship phase/process?3.Do our own dissertation proposals seek to advancepedagogy & practice from a leadership or

managerial standpoint?

chapter 1 - dr. fenwick english, leadership for dr. kritsonis' phd class

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