chapter 1 finishing it up! plethodon jordani. chapter 1 finishing it up!
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 1 Finishing it up!
Plethodon jordani
Chapter 1 Finishing it up!
Chapter 1 Finishing it up!
Chapter 1 Finishing it up!
Chapter 1 Finishing it up!
Chapter 2Life on Land
Chapter 2
Objectives:
1 Identify the major biomes of the world using temperature, precipitation and latitude.
2. Explain how uneven heating and the earth’s rotation create climates
3. Be able to interpret a climate diagram
Biome - What is it?
Biome - A definition:
The major categories of the world’s terrestrial environments
Biomes
• Distinguished by their plants
Biomes
• Distinguished by their plants
• Associated with a particular climate
1. Temperature (radiant energy)
Biomes
• Distinguished by their plants
• Associated with a particular climate
1. Temperature (radiant energy)
2. Precipitation (water)
Biomes
• Distinguished by their plants
• Associated with a particular climate
1. Temperature (radiant energy)
2. Precipitation (water)
• Large spatial scale (no microclimates, etc.)
Fig. 2.3
Seasons of the earth
Rotation around the sun:
Uneven heating of the earth (most concentrated when sun is directly overhead)
Earth’s axis is not perpendicular to sun (23.5o tilt)
Uneven heating drives global wind and precipitation patterns
Fig. 2.4
Fig. 2.5
Winds and Temperature
Earth spins. The air move north and south.
What happens?
What we feel is “apparent” wind, or Coriolis effect
Fig. 2.6
Factors That Control Climate• Latitude (Affects solar radiation)
• Direction of prevailing winds
– From ocean or from land (moist vs. dry)
– From tropical or polar (warm vs. cold)
– Rain shadow of mountains
• Proximity to large water bodies (moderates temperature, less extreme hot / cold)
• Elevation (temperature decreases, rainfall increases with increased elevation)
Climate Diagrams
Climate diagrams explore relationship between terrestrial vegetation and climate
Fig. 2.6
Structure of climate diagrams
Figure 2.7
With the 10oC and 20mm intervals on the temperature and precipitation axes, when the precipitation curve is above the temperature curve vegetation has enough water to be actively growing (indicated by the blue shading b/t the two curves.
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Dark blue for > 100 mm/mo
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Structure of climate diagrams
Figure 2.7
When the precipitation curve drops below the temperature curve, this indicates drought conditions. Vegetation would not have enough water to be actively growing and would be dormant (indicated by the tan shading b/t the two curves.
Biome• A major geographic region characterized by a
distinctive assemblage of life forms.– Defined by dominant plant life forms on land.– Defined by dominant plants or animals in sea
• Terrestrial biomes are generally the result of large-scale climate patterns.
Biomes
From Your Text:Tropical Rain ForestTropical Dry ForestTropical SavannasDesertMediterranean
Woodland and Shrubland
Temperate Grassland
Temperate Forest
Boreal Forest
Tundra
Mountains
Biomes
From Image Map:
Tundra
Taiga
Temperate Forest
Tropical Rain Forest
Grassland
Desert
Mountain Geography
Biomes
Tundra:
Precipitation: Low
Temperature: Cold, short summers
Plant Assemblage:Lichens, mosses, sedges, small trees
Fig. 2.34
Biomes
Taiga or Boreal Forest:
Precipitation: Moderate
Temperature: Cold, short summers
Plant Assemblage:Conifers of one or two species
Biomes
Temperate Forests (Indiana):
Precipitation: Moderate
Temperature: Not Extreme
Plant Assemblage:Deciduous and Conifer trees
Biomes
Tropical Rain Forest:
Precipitation: High
Temperature: Warm Year Around
Plant Assemblage:Great Diversity, bunches and bunches of critters
Fig. 2.8a
Biomes
Grasslands:
Precipitation: Wet and dry seasons
Temperature: Winter and summer
Plant Assemblage:Grasses, few trees
Note: Fire is an important abiotic factor that controls growth of large plants
Biomes
Desert:
Precipitation: Low
Temperature: Hot or cold, but extreme
Plant Assemblage:Low productivity, but high diversity.
Note: Plants adapted to extreme environments
Fig. 2.8b
What did we learn in Chapter 2?
Uneven heating of the earth’s surface creates predictable variations in global climates
Distribution of terrestrial biomes corresponds closely to prevailing temperature and precipitation.
Ain’t Ecology cool!!!