Part 1: A globalized World.

Chapter 1: Globalization and interdependences.

Definition of the main term: Globalization: it’s the historical process of progressive extension of capitalism in the world geographical space. Nowadays, it’s the third phase of globalization. The First one appeared after the Discoveries of the 16th century. The second one is linked to Colonization and to the relationships created between the metropolises and their colonies. All these phases allowed an extension of the world space. Nevertheless, Globalization doesn’t include the entire world, some part of territories remains exclude of it. It constitutes a connection between various component of the world, between various geographical unities, and various actors connected in system between each others. Globalization is the result of new interdependences between multiple actors. It goes all over the world onto two scales:

- the international one: relationships between states - the transnational one : relationships at this level don’t pay attention to the borders.

On the international scene, Globalization creates relations between non-state actors which are in relation of interdependences with States. Interventions of the various actors cross, fight, add and create networks. Theses networks associate axis (roads, phone lines, …) with hubs (cities) necessary to the organization of flows (of people, of merchandises, of investment, of informations, of values). Problematic : Which are the emerging spaces of globalization and which are those excluded ? Which are the relationships between globalization and flows of exchanges ? Who are the actors of globalization ?

I Spaces of Globalization : Sources to use : map from manuel Terminales européennes Hatier, A globalized world, p. 71.

Questions : 1. Thanks to the map, try to define the five main spaces issued from Globalization