chapter 1 information technology. agenda information system (is) information technology (it)...

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Chapter 1 Information Technology

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Chapter 1

Information Technology

Agenda

• Information system (IS)

• Information technology (IT)

• Business today

• IT trends

IS

• IS collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose

• IS contains– Input– Process– Output– Feedback– Environment

• Formal or informal IS

IS Components

• Hardware

• Software

• Database

• Network

• Procedures

• People

IS

• Computer-Based Information System (CBIS)– IS uses compute technology to perform some or

all of its intended tasks

Agenda

• Information system (IS)

• Information technology (IT)

• Business today

• IT trends

IT

• Technological side or subsystem of an IS

• IT contains– Hardware– Database– Software– Network– Other devices

Agenda

• Information system (IS)

• Information technology (IT)

• Business today

• IT trends

Business Today

• Pressures– Business– Technological– Societal

• Responses– Strategic systems– Continuous improvement efforts– Business process reengineering (BPR)– Business alliances– Electronic commerce

Business Pressure

• Market– Global economy– Strong competition

• Changing workforce

• Powerful customer

Technological Pressure

• Innovation

• Obsolescence

• Information overload

Societal Pressure

• Social responsibility

• Regulation & deregulation

• Shrinking budget & subsidies

• Ethical issue– Privacy

Strategic System Response

• Strategic information systems– Innovation– Competitive advantage

Continuous Improvement Efforts

• Productivity– Cost– Output

• Just-in-time

• Total quality management (TQM)– Data & information monitoring

Continuous Improvement Efforts

• Timely & accurate decision making

• Managing information and knowledge effectively

• Innovation and creativity

• Change management

• Customer service

BPR

• Cycle time and time to market

• Decentralization & collaborative work

• Customer-focused approach

• Restructuring and team-based structure

• Enterprise resource planning (ERP) and supply chain management

Business Alliances

• Joint ventures

• Virtual corporation

Electronic Commerce

• Types– Intranet– Extranet– Internet

• Purpose– Increase productivity– Decrease cost

Agenda

• Information system (IS)

• Information technology (IT)

• Business today

• IT trends

IT Trends

• Hardware

• Software

• Data

• Telecommunications

• Ubiquitous computing

• End-users

Hardware Trends

• Mainframe to microcomputer to network computer– Size– Speed– Memory– Costs

• Client/server architecture

• Centralized to decentralized resource control– Departmental purchases

Software Trends

• Large to small system development

• Rapid development (6-month window)

• Reusable code (packages)

• Outsourcing

• 3GL to 4GL to 5GL to ???

• Intelligent agent

Data Trends

• Mainframe to PC

• Keystroke/optical scanning/voice

• Multimedia– voice/animation/video– digitizing

• Data warehousing

• Data mining

Telecommunication Trends

• Network enterprise– Internet– Intranet– Extranet– E-commerce

Ubiquitous Computing

• Integrated home computing– TV turns down sound when you answer phone– VCR pauses when microwave popcorn ready– Car is tuned remotely

• Smart card

Ubiquitous Computing

• Technology– Palm pilot– Bar code scanner– Wireless phone– Internet search engine

End-user Trends

• More knowledgeable users– More demanding of IT

• More opportunities for– Misuse of IT resources– Mischief– Computer crime

• IT people as communicators

Eight Critical Technology Trends

Harry Dent, The Roaring 2000s, (Simon & Schuster, 1998)

1. Vast computer power

2. Portable and home PCs

3. Computer in simple and inexpensive

appliances

4. Microprocessor-embedded home

appliances linked to Internet

Eight Critical Technology Trends

5. Online consumers

6. Expansion of communication bandwidths

7. Object-oriented programming

8. Computer literacy

Points to Remember

• Information system (IS)

• Information technology (IT)

• Business today

• IT trends

Issues

• The usage in business

• The downside of such usage

• Your opinions

Discussion Questions

• What are the components of an information system in your organization?

• What are the pressure to use IS or IT in your organization?

• How does your organization utilize IS or IT to ease the pressure?

• What are the downside of the utilization of IS or IT in your organization?

Assignment

• Review technology guides 1-2, & chapter 1

• Read chapter 2

• Group Assignment

• Research paper