chapter 1 information technology. agenda information system (is) information technology (it)...
Post on 20-Dec-2015
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TRANSCRIPT
IS
• IS collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose
• IS contains– Input– Process– Output– Feedback– Environment
• Formal or informal IS
IS
• Computer-Based Information System (CBIS)– IS uses compute technology to perform some or
all of its intended tasks
IT
• Technological side or subsystem of an IS
• IT contains– Hardware– Database– Software– Network– Other devices
Business Today
• Pressures– Business– Technological– Societal
• Responses– Strategic systems– Continuous improvement efforts– Business process reengineering (BPR)– Business alliances– Electronic commerce
Business Pressure
• Market– Global economy– Strong competition
• Changing workforce
• Powerful customer
Societal Pressure
• Social responsibility
• Regulation & deregulation
• Shrinking budget & subsidies
• Ethical issue– Privacy
Continuous Improvement Efforts
• Productivity– Cost– Output
• Just-in-time
• Total quality management (TQM)– Data & information monitoring
Continuous Improvement Efforts
• Timely & accurate decision making
• Managing information and knowledge effectively
• Innovation and creativity
• Change management
• Customer service
BPR
• Cycle time and time to market
• Decentralization & collaborative work
• Customer-focused approach
• Restructuring and team-based structure
• Enterprise resource planning (ERP) and supply chain management
Electronic Commerce
• Types– Intranet– Extranet– Internet
• Purpose– Increase productivity– Decrease cost
Hardware Trends
• Mainframe to microcomputer to network computer– Size– Speed– Memory– Costs
• Client/server architecture
• Centralized to decentralized resource control– Departmental purchases
Software Trends
• Large to small system development
• Rapid development (6-month window)
• Reusable code (packages)
• Outsourcing
• 3GL to 4GL to 5GL to ???
• Intelligent agent
Data Trends
• Mainframe to PC
• Keystroke/optical scanning/voice
• Multimedia– voice/animation/video– digitizing
• Data warehousing
• Data mining
Ubiquitous Computing
• Integrated home computing– TV turns down sound when you answer phone– VCR pauses when microwave popcorn ready– Car is tuned remotely
• Smart card
Ubiquitous Computing
• Technology– Palm pilot– Bar code scanner– Wireless phone– Internet search engine
End-user Trends
• More knowledgeable users– More demanding of IT
• More opportunities for– Misuse of IT resources– Mischief– Computer crime
• IT people as communicators
Eight Critical Technology Trends
Harry Dent, The Roaring 2000s, (Simon & Schuster, 1998)
1. Vast computer power
2. Portable and home PCs
3. Computer in simple and inexpensive
appliances
4. Microprocessor-embedded home
appliances linked to Internet
Eight Critical Technology Trends
5. Online consumers
6. Expansion of communication bandwidths
7. Object-oriented programming
8. Computer literacy
Points to Remember
• Information system (IS)
• Information technology (IT)
• Business today
• IT trends
Discussion Questions
• What are the components of an information system in your organization?
• What are the pressure to use IS or IT in your organization?
• How does your organization utilize IS or IT to ease the pressure?
• What are the downside of the utilization of IS or IT in your organization?