chapter 1 - introduction to android.pdf

7/29/2019 Chapter 1 - Introduction to Android.pdf

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Myanmar Vocational Teacher Training/ module compilation guidance/ batch 3/ 2013 Page 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Module Descriptions

This module explain about how to develop android application such as simple

calculator, ebook application and etc. In this module we will learn about basic for

android programming such as layout, image, text , dialog, widget, intent,

multimedia and database. Before learn this module , participants must have

knowledge about Java Programming, xml and android basic structure.

B. Module Manual

At the begining of lesson the participants learn about using ADT-Bundle Software

to develop Android Application. It will follow with creating mobile application

projects with Android programming.

C. Competence Standard

After learning this module the participants are able to develop mobile application

with Android programming.


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LEARNING ACTIVITY I

INTRODUCTION TO ANDROID

A. Learning Objectives

In this section, we will be discussing the characteristics of mobile

devices and how it affects program development for these devices. We will be

introduced to the Android.

At the end of the lesson, the participants should be able to:

Creating a new blank project in Eclipse

Understanding errors Creating an emulator

Setting up and copying launch configurations

Running your first app

Studying the anatomy of a project

Creating Layout

Displaying Image

B. Description

1. Android Overview

Computing is more accessible than ever before. Handheld devices have

transformed into computing platforms.Be it a phone or a tablet, the mobile

device is now so capable of general-purpose computing that its becoming the

realpersonal computer (PC). Every traditional PC manufacturer isproducing

devices of variousform factors based on the Android OS. The battles between

operating systems, computing platforms, programming languages, and

development frameworks are being shifted and reapplied to mobile devices.

We are also seeing a surge in mobile programming as more and more IT


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applications start to offer mobile counterparts. In this book, well show you

how to take advantage of your Java skills to write programs for devices that

run on Googles Android platform (http://developer.android.com/index.html),

an open source platform for mobile and tablet development.

Why Develop for Android?

Market share

As a developer, you have an opportunity to develop apps for a fairly new

market that is booming on a daily basis. Android is currently set to outpace

many other carriers in market share in the industry in coming months. With

so many users, its never been easier to write an application that can be

downloaded and used by real people! The Android Market puts your app

right into your users hands easily! Users dont have to go searching the

Internet to find an app to install. They just simply go to the Android Market

that is preinstalled on their device, and they have access to all your apps.

Because the Android Market comes preinstalled on most Android devices

(I discuss a few exceptions later), users typically search the Android

Market forall of their app needs. Its not hard to see an apps number of

downloads soar in just a few days. Time to market

With all the application programming interfaces (APIs) that Android comes

packed with, its easy to develop full-featured applications in a relatively

short time frame. After youve signed up with the Android Market, just

upload your apps and publish them. Wait, you may say, are you sure?

Why, yes, I am! Unlike other mobile marketplaces, the Android Market has

no app-approval process. All you have to do is write apps and publish

them.Technically, anyone can publish anything, but its good karma to

keep within Googles terms of service and keep your apps family-friendly.

Remember that Android users come from diverse areas of the world and

are in all age categories.


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Open platform

The Android operating system is open platform,meaning that its not tied

toone hardware manufacturer and/or one provider. As you can imagine,

the openness of Android is allowing it to gain market share quickly. All

hardware manufacturers and providers can make and sell Android

devices. The Android source code is available at

http://source.android.comfor you to view and/or modify. Nothing is holding

you back from digging into the source code to see how a certain task is

handled. The open-source code allows phone manufacturers to create

custom user interfaces (UIs) and add built-in features to some devices.

This also puts all developers on an even playing field. Everyone can

access the raw Android source code.

Android Programming Basics

If youve never programmed before, this book may not be the best place to

start. I advise that you pick up a copy of Beginning Programming with Java

For Dummies,by Barry Burd (Wiley Publishing), to learn the ropes. After you

have a basic understanding of Java under your belt, you should be ready totackle this book.

Although the majority of Android is Java, small parts of the framework arent.

Android also encompasses the XML language as well as basic Apache Ant

scripting for build processes. I advise you to have a basic understanding of

XML before delving into this book.

If you need an introduction to XML, check out XML For Dummies,by Lucinda

Dykes and Ed Tittel (Wiley). If you already know Java and XML,

congratulations youre ahead of the curve!


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Java: Your Android programming language

Android applications are written in Java not the full-blown Java that J2EE

developers are used to, but a subset of Java that is sometimes known as the

Dalvik virtual machine.This smaller subset of Java excludes classes that dont

make sense for mobile devices. If you have any experience in Java, you

should be right at home.

It may be a good idea to keep a Java reference book on hand, but in any ase,

you can always Google what you dont understand. Because Java is nothing

new, you can find plenty of examples on the Web that demonstrate how to do

just about anything.

In Java source code, not all libraries are included. Verify that the package is

available to you. If its not, an alternative is probably bundled with Android that

can work for your needs.

Activities

Android applications are made up of one or more activities. Your app must

contain at least one activity, but an Android application can contain several.Think of an activity as being a container for your UI, holding your UI as well as

the code that runs it. Its kind of like a form, for you Windows programmers out

there.

Intents

Intentsmake up the core message system that runs Android. An intent is

composed of an action that it needs to perform (View, Edit, Dial, and so on)

and data. The action is the general action to be performed when the intent is

received, and the data is the data to operate on. The data might be a contact

item, for example.


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Intents are used to start activities and to communicate among various parts of

the Android system. Your application can either broadcast an intent or receive

an intent.

Cursorless controls

Unlike PCs, which let you use a mouse to move the cursor across the screen,

Android devices let you use your fingers to do just about anything a mouse

can do. But how do you right-click? Instead of supporting right-clicking,

Android has implemented the long press. Press and hold a button, icon, or

screen for an extended period of time, and a context menu appears. As a

developer, you can create and manipulate context menus. You can allow

users to use two fingers on an Android device instead of just one mouse

cursor, for example. Keep in mind that fingers come in all sizes, however, and

design your user interface accordingly. Make the buttons large enough, with

enough spacing, so that even users with large fingers can interact with your

apps easily.

Views and widgets

What the heck is a view? A viewis a basic UI element a rectangular areaon the screen that is responsible for drawing and event handling. I like to think

of views as being basic controls, such as a label control in HTML. Here are a

few examples of views:

ContextMenu

Menu

View

Surface view

Widgetsare more-advanced UI elements, such as check boxes. Think of them

as being the controls that your users interact with. Here are a few widgets:

Button

CheckBox


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DatePicker

DigitalClock

Gallery

FrameLayout

ImageView

RelativeLayout

PopupWindow

Many more widgets are ready for you to use. Check out the android.

widgetpackage in the Android documentation at http://developer.

android.com/reference/android/widget/package-summary.html for complete

details.

Background services

If youre a Windows user, you may already know what a serviceis: an

application that runs in the background and doesnt necessarily have a UI. A

classic example is an antivirus application that usually runs in the background

as a service. Even though you dont see it, you know that its running.

2. Software for Development

Developer Tools

The Android Developer Tools (ADT) plugin for Eclipse provides a

professional-grade development environment for building Android apps. It's a

full Java IDE with advanced features to help you build, test, debug, and

package your Android apps.

Full Java IDE

Android-specific refactoring, quick fixes, integrated navigation between

Java and XML resources.

Enhanced XML editors for Android XML resources.
http://developer/http://developer/http://developer/


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Static analysis tools to catch performance, usability, and correctness

problems.

Build support for complex projects, command-line support for CI through

Ant. Includes ProGuard and app-signing.

Template-based wizard to create standard Android projects and

component

Graphical UI Builders

Build rich Android UI with drag and drop.

Visualize your UI on tablets, phones, and other devices. Switch themes,

locales, even platform versions instantly, without building.

Visual refactoring lets you extracts layout for inclusion, convert layouts,

extract styles.

Editor support for working with custom UI components

On-device Developer Options

Enable debugging over USB.

Quickly capture bug reports onto the device.

Show CPU usage on screen.

Draw debugging information on screen such as layout bounds, updates on

GPU views and hardware layers, and other information.

Plus many more options to simulate app stresses or enable debugging

options.

To access these settings, open the Developer options in the systemSettings. On Android 4.2 and higher, the Developer options screen is

hidden by default. To make it available, go toSettings > About phone and

tap Build numberseven times. Return to the previous screen to find

Developer options.


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Fig. 1. 1 Developer Options

Develop on Hardware Devices

Use any commercial Android hardware device or multiple devices.

Deploy your app to connected devices directy from the IDE.

Live, on-device debugging, testing, and profiling.

Develop on Virtual Devices

Emulate any device. Use custom screen sizes, keyboards, and other

hardware components.

Advanced hardware emulation, including camera, sensors, multitouch,

telephony.

Develop and test for broad device compatibility.

Powerful Debugging

Full Java debugger with on-device debugging and Android-specific tools.

Built-in memory analysis, performance/CPU profiling, OpenGL ES tracing.


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Graphical tools for debugging and optimizing UI, runtime inspecton of UI

structure and performance.

Runtime graphical analysis of your app's network bandwidth usage.

Testing

Fully instrumentated, scriptable test environment.

Integrated reports using standard test UI.

Create and run unit tests on hardware devices or emulator.

Native Development

Support for compiling and packaging existing code written in C or C++.

Support for packaging multiple architectures in a single binary, for broad

compatibility.

.

C. Evaluation

1. What you must prepare for android development ?

Operating System

Android SDK

JDK

Bigger and Brighter Mobile Screen

Much Money

2. What would motivate you to write programs for mobile devices ?

the challenge of writing optimized applications

new learning experience

fun factor


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D. Practical Guide

1. Tools and Materials

a. Laptop (Min Dual Core 1,8 GHz , Memory 2GB)

b. Java SDK 1.7c. ADT-Bundle

d. Tablet (Min 512 RAM)

2. Work steps

1) Setup eclipse with ADT Plugin

1) Start Eclipse, if its not already running.

2) Choose HelpInstall New Software.The Install window pops up (see Figure 2-19). This window allows you to install

new plug-ins in Eclipse.

3) Click the Add button to add a new site that will display the Add

Repository window (see Figure).

Sitesare the Web addresses where the software is hosted on the Internet. dding a

site to Eclipse makes it easier for you to update the software when a ew version

is released

Fig. 1. 2 Repository Window


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4) Type a name in the Name field.

I recommend using Android ADT, but it can be anything you choose.

5) Type https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/in the Location

field.

Fig. 1. 3 Add Repository

6) Click the OK button.

Android ADT is selected in the Work With drop-down menu, and the

available options are displayed in the Name and Version window of the

Install Details dialog box.

7) In the Install dialog box, select the check box next to Developer

Tools, and click the Next button (see Figure Below).

Fig. 1. 4 Developer Tools


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The Install Details dialog box should list both the Android Dalvik Debug

Monitor Server (DDMS; see Get physical with a real Android device,

later in this chapter) and the ADT.

Fig. 1. 5 Install Details

8) Click the Next button to review the software licenses.

9) Click the Finish button.

10)When youre prompted to do so, click the Restart Now button to

restart Eclipse.

The ADT plug-in is installed.


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b. Liner Layout

A layout that arranges its children in a single row

1) Step 1 (Horizontal Layout)

Run eclipse,choose File > New > Android Project.

2) Step 2

Fill the new box dialogue with these datas.

Fig. 1. 6 LinearLayout1

Click Next.

Fig. 1. 7 Create Activity LinearLayout1


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Click Next.

Fig. 1. 8 Launcher LinearLayout1

Click Next.

Fig. 1. 9 Blank Activity LinearLayout1


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Click Next.

Fig. 1. 10 Activity Name LinearLayout1

Click Finish.

3) Step 3

Choose LinearLayout1 /res/layout/activity_linear_layout1.xml

Fig. 1. 11 Activity LinearLayout1 XML


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4) Step 4

Type these codes. Although it is too long, for right now you just need to

write one pattern, just copy-paste-Edit.


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android:text="Blue" />

5) Step 5

Layout activity_linear_layout1.xml, if we see this from its hierarky

from outline style. It will appear like this

Fig. 1. 12 OutLine LinearLayout1

6) Step 6

Open LinearLayout1.java , see figure below.


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Fig. 1. 13 LinearLayout1.java

and Run Program with shortcut CTRL+F11 or right click and choose

package > run as > android Project.

7) Step 7

You will See the result like this

Fig. 1. 14 Output LinearLayout1

8) Step 1 (Vertical Layout)



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9) Step 2


Fig. 1. 15 New App LinearLayout2

Click Next.

Click Next.

Click Next.

Click Next.

Fig. 1. 16 Activity Name LinearLayout2

Click Finish.

10)Step 3

Open LinearLayout2 /res/layout/activity_linear_layout2.xml


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Fig. 1. 17 LinearLayout2 XML

11)Step 4




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12)Step 5

Layout activity_linear_layout2.xml, if we see this from its hierarky


Fig. 1. 18 OutLine LinearLayout2

13)Step 6

Open LinearLayout2.java , see figure below.

Fig. 1. 19 LinearLayout2.java



14)Step 7



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Fig. 1. 20 Output Program LinearLayout2

c. Relative Layout

RelativeLayout is a layout where the position of components

symbol,text,etc) can be managed and placed in front of other components.

For example OKbutton can be placed under Editext , the Cancel

button can be placed on the left side of OK button and under Edittext.

The main consept is that it has connection between one button and

another.

1) Step 1


2) Step 2



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Fig. 1. 21 New App RelativeLayout1

Click Next.

Click Next.

Click Next.

Click Next.

Fig. 1. 22 Activity Name RelativeLayout1

Click Finish.

3) Step 3

Open RelativeLayout1

/res/layout/activity_relative_layout1.xml


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Fig. 1. 23 RelativeLayout1 XML

4) Step 4




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5) Step 5

Layout activity_relative_layout1.xml, if we see this from its hierarky



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Fig. 1. 24 Outline RelativeLayout1

6) Step 6

Open RelativeLayout1.java , see figure below.

Fig. 1. 25 RelativeLayout1.java



7) Step 7


Fig. 1. 26 Output program RelativeLayout1


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d. Table Layout

A layout that arranges its children into rows and columns.

1) Step 1


2) Step 2


Fig. 1. 27 New App TableLayout1

Click Next.Click Next.

Click Next.

Click Next.

Fig. 1. 28 Activity Name TableLayout1

Click Finish.


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3) Step 3

Open TableLayout1 /res/layout/activity_table_layout1.xml

Fig. 1. 29 TableLayout1 XML

4) Step 4




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android:gravity="right"

android:padding="3dp"/>


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android:text="X Import..." />

5) Step 5

Layout activity_table_layout1.xml, if we see this from its hierarky



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Fig. 1. 30 OutLine TableLayout1

6) Step 6

Open TableLayout1.java , see figure below.

Fig. 1. 31 TableLayout1.java



7) Step 7



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Fig. 1. 32 Output Program TableLayout1


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e. Image

In this step, you added the ImageViewinside your program. An

ImageViewallows you to project an image to the devices screen.

1) Step 1


2) Step 2


Fig. 1. 33 New App Image1

Click Next.

Click Next.

Click Next.

Click Next.

Fig. 1. 34 Activity Name Image1

Click Finish.


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3) Step 3

Open Image1 /res/layout/activity_image1.xml

Fig. 1. 35 Image1 XML

4) Step 4

Create a folder with name drawable , in Image1/res/ folder. Like this

picture.

Fig. 1. 36 Drawable folder on Image1


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5) Step 5

Prepare your image that you want to display. For example

trilateral.png.

And copy to folder drawable , so you can see like this

Fig. 1. 37 Copy trilateral.png to drawable folder

6) Step 6




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android:layout_width="278dp"

android:layout_height="355dp"

android:src="@drawable/trilateral" />

7) Step 5

Layout activity_image1.xml, if we see this from its hierarky from

outline style. It will appear like this

Fig. 1. 38 Outline Image1

8) Step 6

Open Image1.java , see figure below.

Fig. 1. 39 Image1.java



You will see the result like this .


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Fig. 1. 40 Output Image1 Program

9) Step 7

Click on this image on your emulator.

Fig. 1. 41 Menu Image

,

You will see your program and the others program Like this

Fig. 1. 42 Application on Android


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10) Step 8

Prepare an Image for your icon , forexample icon.png.

Fig. 1. 43 Icon.png

Copy icon.png to drawable folder.

Fig. 1. 44 Copy icon.png to drawable folder

11) Step 9

Open file/Image1/AndroidManifest.xml ,


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Fig. 1. 45 AndroidManifest.xml

12) Step 10

Change this line :

android: icon="@drawable/ ic_launcher"

Like this :

android: icon="@drawable/ icon"

13) Step 11

Run your application , click this image

Fig. 1. 46 Menu Image

You will see in your application icon like this


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Fig. 1. 47 Application on Android

f. Text Auto Complete

1) Step 1 (Horizontal Layout)


2) Step 2


Fig. 1. 48 New App TextAuto1

Click Next.


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Click Next.

Click Next.

Click Next.

Fig. 1. 49 Activity Name TextAuto

Click Finish.

3) Step 3

Open TextAuto1 /res/layout/activity_text_auto1.xml

Fig. 1. 50 TextAuto XML

4) Step 4




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5) Step 5

Layout activity_text_auto1.xml, if we see this from its hierarky from

outline style. It will appear like this

Fig. 1. 51 Outline TextAuto

6) Step 6

Open TextAuto1/res/values/str ing.xml, edit like this :

Make Text Auto Complete

Program

Fill with minimal 3 characterHello world!

7) Step 7

Open LinearLayout1.java , and change like this code :

packagecom.example.textauto1;

impor tandroid.os.Bundle;

impor tandroid.app.Activity;


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impor tandroid.graphics.Color;

impor tandroid.view.Menu;

impor tandroid.text.Editable;

impor tandroid.text.TextWatcher;

impor tandroid.widget.ArrayAdapter;

impor tandroid.widget.AutoCompleteTextView;

impor tandroid.widget.TextView;

publ icclassTextAuto1 extendsActivityimplementsTextWatcher{

TextView result;

AutoCompleteTextView edit;

String[] item = { "Indonesia", "China", "Japan", "Qatar",

"Germany","Singapura", "Filipina", "Kamboja", "Brunei

Darussalam", "Timor Leste","Myanmar", "Thailand", "Malaysia","India" };

@Override

protectedvoidonCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setTheme(android.R.style.Theme_Light);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_text_auto1);

result = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.m_result);

edit = (AutoCompleteTextView)findViewById(R.id.auto_edit);

edit.addTextChangedListener(th is);

edit.setAdapter(newArrayAdapter(th is,

android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, item));

edit.setTextColor(Color.BLACK);

}


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@Override

publ icbooleanonCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is

present.

getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.text_auto1, menu);

returnt rue;

}

@Override

publ icvoidafterTextChanged(Editable s) {

//TODOAuto-generated method stub

}

@Override

publ icvoidbeforeTextChanged(CharSequence s, in tstart, in tcount,

in tafter) {


}

@Override

publ icvoidonTextChanged(CharSequence s, in tstart, in tbefore, in t

count) {


result.setText(edit.getText());

}

}




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8) Step 7


Fig. 1. 52 Output Program Text Auto


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E. Assigment

Implement any/all of the following projects using simple text boxes (EditText,

TextView) and buttons :

Create Common Calculator

Fig. 1. 53 Assignment Calculator

Change your calculator icon to this image

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