chapter 1 introduction to earth science chapter preview 1.1 what is science? 1.2 studying earth 1.3...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Chapter Preview
1.1 What is Science?
1.2 Studying Earth
1.3 Exploring Earth’s Surface
1.4 Topographic Maps
Table of Contents
1.5 Safety in the Science Laboratory
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Chapter Preview Questions
1. Solar energy strikes Earth most directly ata. the equator.b. the North Pole.c. the South Pole.d. mid-latitudes.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Chapter Preview Questions
1. Solar energy strikes Earth most directly ata. the equator.b. the North Pole.c. the South Pole.d. mid-latitudes.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Uneven heating of Earth by the sun causesa. volcanic eruptions.b. earthquakes.c. wind.d. landslides.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Uneven heating of Earth by the sun causesa. volcanic eruptions.b. earthquakes.c. wind.d. landslides.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Chapter Preview Questions
3. The amount of heat that Earth receives from the sun varies with latitude because
a. of fusion in the sun’s core.b. the sun is a yellow star.c. the sun is the closest star to Earth.d. of the sun’s height in the sky.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Chapter Preview Questions
3. The amount of heat that Earth receives from the sun varies with latitude because
a. of fusion in the sun’s core.b. the sun is a yellow star.c. the sun is the closest star to Earth.d. of the sun’s height in the sky.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Chapter Preview Questions
4. Much of the energy on Earth is froma. the sun.b. Earth’s volcanoes.c. earthquakes.d. Earth’s core.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Chapter Preview Questions
4. Much of the energy on Earth is froma. the sun.b. Earth’s volcanoes.c. earthquakes.d. Earth’s core.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
A flashlight beam and a ball can model how sunlight strikes Earth. Sunlight strikes Earth’s equator directly. But sunlight is more spread out where it strikes Earth’s polar regions. Explain how this uneven distribution of the sun’s energy affects Earth’s atmosphere and oceans.
What is one main source of energy for Earth’s naturalprocesses and living things?
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
High-Use Academic Words
Word Definition Example Sentence
n. A particular part of a place or surface
In what area of the city is your school located?
area
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
High-Use Academic Words
Word Definition Example Sentence
n. A fact to be considered
In a race, one factor to think about is the distance you will run.
factor
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
High-Use Academic Words
Word Definition Example Sentence
v. To take place; to happen
The scientist predicted that an earthquake might occur at the site.
occur
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Apply It!
Choose the word from the table that best completes the sentence.
1. Keep your work ____ clean and safe during a laboratory experiment.
area
2. Accidents sometimes ____ in a science laboratory.
occur
3. Price is a(n) ____ to be considered in buying baseball tickets.
factor
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
End of Chapter Preview
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Section 1: What Is Science?
You will be able to identify skills that scientists use to learn about the world.You will be able to explain what scientific inquiry involves.You will be able to differentiate between scientific theory and a scientific law.
Lesson Objectives
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Section 1: What Is Science?
6.76.7 Scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions and conducting careful investigations.
a.a. Develop a hypothesis.
c.c. …develop qualitative statements about the relationships between variables.
California Standards
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Section 1: What Is Science?
What skills do scientists use?What is scientific inquiry?How do scientific theories differ from scientific laws?
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Sequoias and Fire
The graph shows the growth of sequoia seedlings in relation to the intensity of controlled burns. Use the graph to answer the questions.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Sequoias and Fire
Reading Graphs
What do the bars on the graph represent?
Seedlings in different locations
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Sequoias and Fire
Reading Graphs
What does the height of each bar represent?
Percent of trees with seedlings
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Sequoias and Fire
Which level of burn intensity led to the most seedling production? The least seedling production?
High-intensity burn; unburned site
Interpreting Data
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
The Nature of Scientific Inquiry
Scientific Inquiry refers to the many ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence they gather.
Pose Questions
Form a Hypothes
is
Communicate
Draw Conclusio
nsCollect and Interpret
Data
Design an Experimen
t
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
The Nature of Inquiry Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about the nature of inquiry.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
What is science?
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
List three main skills that scientists use. Explain one.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
End of Section: What Is Science?
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Section 2: Studying Earth
You will be able to name the parts of the Earth system.You will be able to explain how energy is transferred in the Earth system.You will be able to identify the main branches of Earth science.
Lesson Objectives
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Section 2: Studying Earth
6.3.a6.3.a Students know energy can be carried from one place to another by heat flow or by waves, including water, light and sound waves.
6.4.a6.4.a Students know the sun is the major source of energy for phenomena on Earth’s surface; it powers winds, ocean currents, and the water cycle.
California Standards
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Section 2: Studying Earth
What are the parts of the Earth system?How is energy transferred in the Earth system?What are the branches of Earth science?
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Earth as a System
The atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere together make up the Earth system. Changes in any part of the system can affect the other parts.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Earth as a System
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Energy TransferEnergy can be transferred from place to place by moving objects, by waves, or by heat flow. The different forms of energy transfer occur around us constantly. Moving Objects A moving object such as this baseball transfers energy from the pitcher’s arm to the catcher—or the pitcher’s bat.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Energy TransferWaves When the fans cheer, sound waves transfer energy as they move through the air.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Energy TransferHeat Flow Heat Flow transfers energy from the warm air into the cold ice cream, causing the ice cream to melt.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Energy TransferElectromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic Waves transfer energy as they carry the TV announcer’s voice and image to people outside the ballpark.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
The Branches of Earth ScienceEarth science has several different branches. We will study three of them: geology, meteorology, and environmental science.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
What are the four “spheres” that make up the Earth system? Describe two.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
What are three branches of Earth science? Describe one.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
End of Section: Studying Earth
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Section 3: Exploring Earth’s Surface
You will be able to explain what the topography of an area includes.You will be able to identify the main types of landform.You will be able to explain how maps represent Earth’s surface and use them to locate points on the surface.
Lesson Objectives
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Section 3: Exploring Earth’s Surface
6.26.2 Topography is reshaped by the weathering of rock and soil and by the transportation and deposition of sediment.
6.7.f. 6.7.f. Read a topographic map and a geologic map for evidence provided on the maps and construct and interpret a simple scale map.
California Standards
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Section 3: Exploring Earth’s Surface
What does the topography of an area include?What are the main types of landforms?How do maps represent Earth’s surface and help find locations?
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Elevations Across California
On a trip from California’s coast to the Sierra Nevada, you would see many changes in topography as the elevation and relief of the land changed.
ElevationElevation is the height of a is the height of a land feature above sea land feature above sea level.level.ReliefRelief is the difference between is the difference between
the highest point and lowest the highest point and lowest point of a landform.point of a landform.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Types of Landforms
There are three main types of landforms: plains, mountains, and plateaus.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
What Is a Map?
Maps are drawn to scale and use symbols to represent topography and other features on Earth’s surface.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
A ratio compares two numbers by division. For example, the scale of a map given as a ratio is 1:250,000. At this scale, the distance between two points on the map measures23.5 cm. How would you find the actual distance?1. Write the scale as a fraction.
2. Write a proportion. Let d represent the distance between the two points.
3. Write the cross products.1 x d = 250,000 x 23.5 cmd = 5,875,000 cm
Scales and Ratios
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Scales and Ratios
Practice Problem
A map’s scale is 1:25,000. If two points are 4.7 cm apart on the map, how far apart are they on the ground?
117,500 cm or 1.175 km; (1 x d = 25,000 x 4.7 cm) or (25,000 x 4.7 cm)
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Earth’s Grid
Distances around circles are measured in degrees.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Earth’s Grid
The equator and prime meridian divide Earth’s surface into hemispheres.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Earth’s Grid
The lines of latitude and longitude form a grid that can be used to find locations anywhere on Earth.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Earth’s Grid
Every point on Earth’s surface has a particular latitude and longitude
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Links on Landforms
Click the SciLinks button for links on landforms.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Links on Latitude and Longitude
Click the SciLinks button for links on latitude and longitude.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Latitude and Longitude
Click the Video button to watch a movie aboutlatitude and longitude.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
What is topography?
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
What is relief? How does it differ from elevation?
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
What are the three main types of landforms? Describe two.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
End of Section: Exploring Earth’s
Surface
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Section 4: Topographic Maps
You will be able to explain how elevation, relief, and slope are shown on topographic maps.You will be able to explain how a topographic map is read.
Lesson Objectives
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Section 4: Topographic Maps
6.7.f6.7.f Read a topographic map and a geologic map for evidence provided on the maps and construct and interpret a simple scale map.
California Standard
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Section 4:Topographic Maps
How do mapmakers represent elevation, relief, and slope?How do you read a topographic map?
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Mapping Earth’s Topography
Mapmakers use contour lines to represent elevation, relief, and slope on topographic maps.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Topographic Map Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about topographic maps.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Reading a Topographic Map
To read a topographic map, you must familiarize yourself with the map’s scale and symbols and interpret the map’s contour lines.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
End of Section: Topographic Maps
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Section 5: Safety in the Science Laboratory
You will be able to explain why preparation is important when carrying out scientific investigations in the lab and in the field.You will be able to describe what you should do if an accident occurs.
Lesson Objectives
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Section 5: Safety in the Science Laboratory
6.76.7 Scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions and conducting careful investigations.
b.b. Select appropriate tools and technology (including calculators, computers, balances, spring scales, microscopes, and binoculars) to perform tests, collect data, and display data.
California Standards
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Section 5: Safety in the Science Laboratory
Why is preparation important when carrying out scientific investigations in the lab and in the field?What should you do if an accident occurs?
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Safety in the Lab
These safety symbols remind you to work carefully when performing labs in this textbook series. Make sure you are familiar with each safety symbol and what it means.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
In Case of an Accident
When any accident occurs, no matter how minor, notify your teacher immediately. Then listen to your teacher’s directions and carry them out quickly.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Links on Laboratory Safety
Click the SciLinks button for links on laboratory safety.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
End of Section:Safety in the
Science Laboratory
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Quick Take Quiz
Click to start quiz.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Click below Click below to practice!to practice!
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Practice Test!
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