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2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1

Living in a

Network-CentricWorld

Mike Fuszner

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Communication: An

Essential Part of OurLives

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What is Communication?

Before communicating, we must establish rules oragreements to govern the conversation. In networking,we call these rules protocols.

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The Network as aPlatform

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Communicating Over Networks

All networks have four basic elements in common:

Rulesor agreements to govern how the messages are sent,directed, received and interpreted.

Messagesor units of information.

A means of interconnecting these devices - a medium.

Deviceson the network.

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Protocolsare the rules that the networked devices use to communicate with each

other.

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Traceroute

Tracert is used at a Windows command prompt to trace the route to a

destination.

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VisualTrace

Download and install VisualTrace (formerly NeoTrace) from:

http://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/McAfee-NeoTrace-Professional-

Download-42.html

http://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/McAfee-NeoTrace-Professional-Download-42.htmlhttp://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/McAfee-NeoTrace-Professional-Download-42.htmlhttp://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/McAfee-NeoTrace-Professional-Download-42.htmlhttp://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/McAfee-NeoTrace-Professional-Download-42.htmlhttp://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/McAfee-NeoTrace-Professional-Download-42.htmlhttp://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/McAfee-NeoTrace-Professional-Download-42.htmlhttp://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/McAfee-NeoTrace-Professional-Download-42.htmlhttp://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/McAfee-NeoTrace-Professional-Download-42.htmlhttp://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/McAfee-NeoTrace-Professional-Download-42.htmlhttp://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/McAfee-NeoTrace-Professional-Download-42.htmlhttp://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/McAfee-NeoTrace-Professional-Download-42.html

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VisualTrace

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Companiesused to have

multiple

networks for

voice, video,

and data.

Todays

networks

combine voice,

video, and data

onto a single

converged

network.

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The Architecture of the

Internet

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The Network Architecture

The term network architecture, in this context, refersto both the technologies that support the infrastructureand the programmed services and protocols that movethe messages across that infrastructure.

A fault tolerant network is one that limits the impact ofa hardware or software failure and can recover quicklywhen such a failure occurs.

A scalablenetwork can expand quickly to support newusers and applications without impacting theperformance of the service being delivered to existingusers.

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The Internet

The Internet, in its early inception, was the result ofresearch funded by the United States Department ofDefense (DoD).

Its primary goal was to have a communications mediumthat could withstand the destruction of numerous sitesand transmission facilities without disruption of service.

Fault tolerance was the focus of the effort of the initialinternetwork design work.

The DoD researchers realized that a packet switchedconnectionless networkhad the features necessaryto support a resilient, fault tolerant network architecture.

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Congestion

Congestionis caused when the demand on thenetwork resources exceeds the available capacity.

When the volume of packets is greater than what can

be transported across the network, devices queue thepackets in memory until resources become available totransmit them.

Queuing packets causes delay.

If the number of packets to be queued continues toincrease, the memory queues fill up and packets aredropped.

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Quality of Service (QoS)

Quality of Service(QoS) is used to prioritize whichtypes of data packets must be delivered at the expenseof other types of packets that can be delayed ordropped.

Applications are classified into categories based onspecific quality of service requirements.

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Network Security

Securing a network infrastructure includes the physicalsecuring of devices that provide network connectivityand preventing unauthorized access to themanagement software that resides on them.

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CIA

Confidentialityensures data privacy throughencryption.

Integrityensures that the information was not altered

by using hashing algorithms and checksums. Sourceintegrity assures the identity of the sender by usingdigital signatures.

Availabilityensures timely and reliable delivery ofdata.

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Subtitle

Trends in

Networking

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Where is it all going?

There are three majortrends that arecontributing to thefuture shape of

complex informationnetworks:

Increasing number ofmobile users.

Proliferation of networkcapable devices.

Expanding range ofservicesincludingwireless.

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