CHAPTER 1 - Nikola Tesla and Radiant Energy

Gerry Vassilatosin ”Secrets of Cold War Technology: Project HAARP and Beyond”,

Borderland Sciences Research Foundation,P. O. Box 220, Bayside, CA, U.S.A, 1996;

ISBN 0-945685-17-3.

I. ANOMALY

Deep in the heart of many conspiratisttopics sits a desper-ate desire to rediscover the lost magic of Nature. It was withthis lost magic, this qualitatively accessed communion withNature, that late Victorian researchers were all too familiar.Their numerous accounts cannot often be rationalized againstthe wall of academic regulation which prides itself in explain-ing all natural phenomena through Simple mechanisms, thereductions of natural phenomena to meaningless force-chains.But even the journals of that day reveal a scientific world ab-solutely awash in discoveries and anomalous phenomena, por-traying energies and dynamics which defy mechanistic expla-nation. The lost magic of vital energy! Developments whichcame with our present century represent empirical discoverieswhich yet have no theoretical precedent. In the very midst ofthat marvelous Epoch stand several personages who must for-ever remain as legends of Qualitative Science. One of theseis Nikola Tesla. But why is Tesla the shadow which yet sohaunts and provokes military researchers? Furthermore, whycan it be said that the name of Nikola Tesla represents the ”ab-solute rule” by which to comprehend each of the successivemilitary projects, seemingly separate and unconnected exper-imental ventures observed throughout the Twentieth Century?

Why are the various achievements of Tesla so often quotedin military hardware articles, proposals which seem to attractthe greatest interest only after mentioning both his name andsome aspect of his work? Since they most certainly have notbeen able to duplicate Teslian Technology, why then do wecontinually find that military project committees are foreveryet attempting to approximate Teslian Technology? Everyprofessional Tesla aficionado secreily knows that Tesla elec-trical energies were more like luminous beams of gaseouslight than radiowaves or electrified particles. What they donot know is how he produced the energies. This Simple butprofound process represents a most fundamental natural prin-ciple which could never have been predicted. Having beenthe result of accidental empirical discovery, so few suspectit can exist. The blinding influence of mathematically pre-cise models serves only to block awareness that other realitiescan or do exist. However basic and simple, Tesla Technologycontains the secret of a power revolution which each knowswould have changed the world. In his lifetime, the once fa-mous Tesla became the target of dubious financial intrigues,failed death attempts, and outrageous deprivations and depre-cations. The fear which surrounded this rare genius seemed toheighten with his every announcement, a thing which greatlyamused him throughout the years of his self-exile. It is thepersistence of this fear which so provokes military agencies

the world over to make attempts in this essential research.

Nikola Tesla 36 years old.

The central effort of each Cold War project tells the tale ofseemingly separate themes. But once again, only a completefamiliarity with each stage of technical achievement in thisprogressive advancement can enable an informed comprehen-sion of such themes. From a singular vantage point alone dowe see each of these separate themes merge, intertwine, andbecome coherent Themes germane to comprehending ColdWar Technology were each the resuIt of private attempts at re-producing the achievements of a Single individual, one whosework has now positively haunted the scientific and militaryworld in excess of a century. Why indeed is it also very ob-vious that, with the exception of one very Simple dtscovery,neither military nor private developers have yet successfullyduplicated any part of true Teslian Technology? In order tobest appreciate the sheer frustration of radio and military en-gineers, whose consistent failure to reproduce the effects re-ported by Nikola Tesla troubles their fundamental theoreticalbase, we must study something of Tesla and his own work.

The technical themes relevant to understanding of all ad-vanced technologies necessarily begins with Tesla. Becauseof a long-standing network of misinformation and the resul-tant skewed academic perceptions, Teslian Impulse Technol-ogy has never been openly legitimized or endorsed as a viablethreat to either military or industrial agencies. This gloss isof course a complete fabrication. The most diligent examina-tion of Tesla lectures and other lost Tesla publications, cou-pled with access to corroborative experimental work whichvindicates most ofTesla’s own findings, has made the follow-ing chapter possible. In these few pages, you will therefore

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receive a summary review of the essential Teslian principles.These are absolutely necessary before we proceed with ourcentral theme. My Simple request is that you patiently readthrough this section, keeping in mind that all of the informa-tion will be completely applicable to each subsequent chapter.

It is only through the window of Teslian Impulse Technol-ogy that we can comprehend the progression of projects in-dustrial and military throughout the entire Century. Learningeach lesson carefully will best help appredate the scope of thispresent theme in all of its deep implications. Here you willfind factual information otherwise difficult, if not impossible,to obtain. One learns quickly that ”things Teslian” are muchmore than they appear to be. Tesla was a classical lover ofconundrums and enigmas, and knew how to use them to en-crypt his meanings. When Tesla spoke, everyone listened in-tently. But few persons understood his meaning. To know Tes-lian Technology, one must be willing to suspend conventionalknowledge, listening only to the descriptions and cunning un-derstatements by which Tesla craftily concealed his prioritydiscoveries. Confusion over a surprising few distinctions hasproved to be the only stumbling block keeping professionalengineering communities from achieving the Teslian agenda.

It is for many young aspiring scholars an astounding reve-lation to find that the degree of revolutionary thought engagedbefore the Century’s turn went further than modern technol-ogy now dares to dream. The more established academesconsistently rejected Teslian hypotheses as a matter of habit.Tesla was nothing less than aJules Verne character, whostepped out of a visionary world and worked wonders in theworld. What Tesla achieved could not have been made possi-ble without his extraordinary sensitivity and keen awarenessof his own perceptions. In the absence of physical evidence,Tesla all too often worked his way toward natural truth. In thismanner he discovered what theoreticians would never seek.

Most who pursue things Teslian know the sundry detailsof his early work in Polyphase, and his subsequent discov-ery of high frequency alternating current. Few however man-age to isolate, identify, and comprehend his most importantSingle discovery, the phenomenon through which all of hissupposed outlandish claims were actually made possible. Thediscovery has not been adequately described among those whoclaim to know something beyond the initiatory facts concern-ing his work. Those who believe that only experimentationwill reveal the truth concerning Tesla may be in for a sad de-feat Indeed, those who undertake the reproduction of Tesliantransformers know the disappointment and subsequent disin-terest which has followed so many others before. Few arehonest enough to admit the possibility that their own failedexperimental reproductions are entirely due to their own mis-understanding. Those who publish the plans for such designshave already contaminated the process with a fundamental andfailure-prone misunderstanding. Old electrical experimenter’stexts are no better. By the end of the last Century, so muchmisinformation conceming the essential Teslian component,the Tesla Transformer, had brought a complete and devas-tating chaos to the field. When experimental results there-fore contradict statements made by Tesla, the usual conclu-sions find soured agreement with the low opinions of Tesla

which academicians hold. In the rare instance that they areable to manage a positive remark, usually one of mock indul-gence, the accolades address his early work with Polyphase.Other than these occasional smug comments, most academi-cians view Tesla as a ”poet-scientist” who made too much ofstandard phenomena. Nothing can be further from the truth.

After completing his initial work in Polyphase and HighFrequency Alternating Currenls, Tesla made a Singular dis-covery which forever altered the course and nature of his ex-perimental research. Whether purposefully or inadvertently,this Singular discovery has been completely overlooked evenby those who claim to know his work best A Single articleand statements made in several of his Lectures absolutely af-firm the conviction that Tesla, while working with violentlyabrupt elecbical discharges, discovered a new force. Indeed,it was through the development and application of this newphysical agency, his greatest discovery, that Tesla encounteredunexpected and devastating hostility throughout both the aca-demic and the financial worlds. The monstrous social forceswhich drove him into self-exile did not, however, stop himfrom continuing his most important applications of this ener-getic species. Living in New York City until his passing in1943, Nikola Tesla continued to conduct small experimentsin applications which recall his discovery of radiant elecbicalenergy. Few of his experiments were conducted without anaccompanying assortment of reliable witnesses.

Throughout his lifetime in New York City there were manynotables who observed these developments with greatest fas-cination. Among those who were awestruck by the things theysaw were Samuel Clemens, Marguerite Merington, RobertUnderwoodJohnson, Edward Hewitt, Kolman Czito, FritzLowenstein, George Scherff, Dr. John Hammond, Lee de For-est, and Dr. Anton Kammela, Several mysterious profession-als who assisted Tesla in his actual tests runs were Simply re-ferred to as ”Mr. Uhlmann, Mr. Ailey, and Mr. Myers”. Apartfrom this scant information, we do not know more of thesewitnesses to his works. Along with these personages were anumber of his private machinists. His secretaries, a numberincluding Dorothy Skerritt and Muriel Arbus, bore witness tohis persistent experimentation. The office at 8 E.40th Streetoff Fifth Avenue also served as a small laboratory workshop.All of this was moved to the Hotel New Yorker in his lateryears. Thus whether on the large scale, by which his youngeryears of experimenting were performed, or on the small scale,which characterized his last years, there are several witnessesto his continuous exertions and successes, What Tesla statedin the press, throughout his career, were always supported bya great number of experimental proofs.

II. VORTEX

Tesla spent his student years in the Polytechnic Institute atGraz, Austria. WhUe thoroughly engrossed in deep study ofthe ”electrical mysteries”, young Nikola Tesla observed theoperation of an alternating current generator in a lecture halldemonstration. This was the high frontier of his day, and hewas very much impressed with the apparent efficiency of this

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design. When compared with the older Gramme machines,this alternating current generator was a true engineering mar-vel. The complete absence of commutator bands in the hous-ing allowed the complete elimination of sparking losses, agreatly increased efficiency in output current being the result.The AC generator did not sizzle as it turned, it hummed. Theproblem was in the form of current which emerged. It alter-nated with a regular tempo, first surging one way, and thenthe other. Used for every application save one, motors, theAC generator outperformed any device which formerly com-prised the electrical arsenal of apparatus. Slowly, methodi-cally, young Tesla began developing a conceptual model for anew system of power distribution based on alternating current.Consumers could be given a superior electrical supply, onewhich would replace every Edisonian model then so much therevolution. The Tesla systems could supply power for mostelectrical appliances. Most, but not all. Motors proved to bethe problem. How to manage the continuous rotation of a mo-tor operated by an alternating current proved too taxing forany other mind. Tesla himself was completely baffled for atime with this perplexing problem, but not because he couldnot solve it. Tesla knew he already had the answer, a familiarexperience for one who received inspiration through vision.Tesla was awaiting the moment when the revelation wouldflash before his eyes. Ready for that instant, he would simplywrite down what he perceived in the ecstasy of his visions.

This vision proved nearly impossible to release until, whilestrolling in a park, he chanced to behold a beautiful sunset.Moved to emotion, Tesla began quoting a melodious poemwritten by his favored author, Goethe. During this dramaticrendition, Tesla suddenly became enraptured with the visionof a swirling vortex in the very heart of the sun. In thismomentary episode, Tesla demonstrated both his absolute re-liance on vision and his ability to materialize the same. Theuse of several superimposed alternating currents managed theformation of a swirling magnetic vortex, one in whose gripan armature was forcibly and continuously dragged aroundupon its axle. Tesla Polyphase revolutionized the world. Teslabecame a multimillionaire literally overnight. Together withGeorge Westinghouse, he harnessed Niagara Falls, establish-ing forever the hydroelectric resource. Tesla continued seek-ing new ways to improve his Polyphase system, developingmeans for raising the frequency of current alternations intonew and formerly unknown levels. He designed and tested afew new high frequency alternators, high speed rotating ma-chines which produced up to 30,000 alternations per second.Tesla also found it possible to send such high frequency alter-nations through a Single wire.

At this time, Tesla unfortunately attracted the monopolisticdreams of one l P. Morgan. The contact, established throughMorgan’s associates, was one which had more the atmosphereof a threat. Politely refused by the young Tesla on severaloccasions, the continual visits by Morgan associates becamesomething of a humorous charade. Tesla had observed the re-sults of yielding to these forays, while working with ThomasEdison in New Jersey. Morgan, who worked his way totothe Edison Company, eventually became the primary stock-holder. Enunciating his impossible demands on Edison, the

aged inventor was reduced to an callous and embittered shell.Tesla, who kept politely refusing Morgan, was finally threat-ened. Powerline technology had been monopolized by Mor-gan who, on the strength of this monopoly, strongly suggestedthat Tesla might not be able to export his Polyphase Powerto any consumers. Without Morgan-owned powerlines therewould be no Tesla- Westinghouse Company. Tesla informedMorgan that means had already be found to eliminate the needfor powerlines, a statement which appeared the very height ofdesperation. Morgan believed he had sufficiently leaned onTesla to acquire his company. But these attempts to forceTesla to yield falled. Tesla proved more indomitable thaneven the imposing Morgan and, when the silence was broken,Tesla demonstrated before Morgan associates a new meansfor transmitting high frequency alternations through both theground and the air in absence of powerlines. Morgan wasliterally thunderstruck by this premise, and sought opportu-nities against Tesla at every turn. Students are taught thatTesla developed non-rotating high frequency generators, sys-tems employing sparks and capacitors. The name of Tesla isinexorably and tragically equated only with alternating cur-rents. It is in this essential error that acadernes, engineers,young students, and avid experimenters have too long re-mained. Though engineers still erroneously equate Tesla onlywith high frequency alternating current, a recent and prolificexperimenter has proven all these suppositions to be fraudu-lent. While Tesla was in fact the first to discover the high fre-quency alternating current realm, there was a more importantdiscovery which is rarely outlined. The truth of this secondgreat discovery remains unrecognized and unappreciated.

But what was the critical event which few recognize, andwhich fewer still have the patience to extract from Tesla liter-ature? When did this event occur, and how does Tesla addressthe finding? Except for the consummate achievements of en-gineer Eric Dollard, undoubtedly the most brilliant expositorof Teslian Technology in the world today, we too would havebelieved the error. What Mr. Dollard has successfully demon-strated is the absolute separation between Tesla’s Polyphaseperiod and the Impulse Technology which explains his fiftyyears of experiments conducted until his passing. Mr. Dollardexperimentally vindicated most of Tesla’s basic and seem-ingly outlandish claims. In a series of experimental demon-strations, exact reproductions of Tesla systems, Mr. Dollardshows us evidence that post-Polyphase Teslian Technologyrelied entirely upon a strange and special electroradiant phe-nomenon. But how did Tesla arrive at this new and revolution-ary development, and how do engineers perceive this phase ofhis work?

III. SHOCK WAVES

James Clark-Maxwell predicted the possibility that electro-magnetic waves might exist. In theoretical discussions de-signed to more thoroughly explain his mathematical descrip-tions, Maxwell asked his readers to consider two differentkinds of electrical disturbance possibly existing in Nature.The first consideration dealt with longitudinal electric waves,

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a phenomenon which required alternating concentrations ofelectrostatic field lines. This densified and rarefied pulsationof electrostatic fields necessarily demanded a unidirectionalfield, one whose vector was fixed in a Singular direction. Theonly variable permitted in generating longitudinal waves wasthe concentration of he field. Subsequent propagation alongthe electrostatic field lines would produce pulsating thrusts oncharges, pulsations moving in a Single direction. These ”elec-trical soundwaves” were rejected by Maxwell, who concludedthat such a condition was impossible to achieve.

His second consideration dealt with the existence of trans-verse electromagnetic waves. These required the rapid alter-nation of electrical fields along a fixed axis. Space spread-ing electrical lines would supposedly ”bend to and fro” undertheir own momentum, while radiating away at the speed oflight from the alternating source. Corresponding forces, exactduplicates of the alternations produced at the source, would bedetected at great distances. He encouraged that experimentersseek this waveform, suggesting possible means for achievingthe objective. And so the quest to find electromagnetic wavesbegan.

In 1887, Heinrich Hertz announced that he had discov-ered electromagnetic waves, an achievement at that time ofno small imporl. In 1889, Nikola Tesla attempted the repro-duction of these Hertzian experiments. Conducted with abso-lute exactness in his elegant South Fifth Avenue Laboratory,Tesla found himself incapable of producing the reported ef-fects. No means however applied would produce the effectswhich Hertz claimed. Tesla began experimenting with abruptand powerful electric discharges, using oil filled mica capac-itors charged to very high potentials. He found it possibleto explode thin wires with these abrupt discharges. Dimlyperceiving something of importance in this experimental se-ries, Tesla abandoned this experimental series, all the whilepondering the mystery and suspecting that Hertz had some-how mistakenly associated electrostatic inductions or electri-fied shockwaves in air for true electromagnetic waves. In fact,Tesla visited Hertz and personally proved these refined ob-servations to Hertz who, being convinced that Tesla was cor-rect, was about to withdraw his thesis. Hertz was truly dis-appointed, and Tesla greatly regretted having to go to suchlengths with an esteemed academician in order to prove apoint

But while endeavoring toward his own means for identi-fying electrical waves, Tesla was blessed with an accidentalobservation which forever changed the course of his experi-mental investigations. Indeed, it was an accident which for-ever changed the course of his life and destiny. In his ownattempts to achieve where he felt Hertz had failed, Tesla de-veloped a powerful method by which he hoped to generate anddetect real electromagnetic waves. Part of this apparatus re-quired the implementation of a very powerful capacitor bank.This capacitor ”battery” was charged to very high voltages,and subsequently discharged through short copper bus-bars.The explosive bursts thus obtained produced several coinci-dent phenomena which deeply impressed Tesla, far exceedingthe power of any electrical display he had ever seen, Theseproved to hold an essential secret which he was determined to

uncover.The abrupt sparks, which he termed ”disruptive dis-

charges”, were found capable of exploding wires into vapor.They propelled very sharp shockwaves, which struck him withgreat force across the whole front of his body. Of this surpris-ing physical effect, Tesla was exceedingly intrigued. Ratherlike gunshots of extraordinary power than electrical sparks,Tesla was completely absorbed in this new study. Electri-cal impulses produced effects commonly associated only withlightning. The explosive effects reminded him of similar oc-currences observed with high voltage DC generators. A fa-miliar experience among workers and engineers, the Simpleclosing of a switch on a high voltage dynamo often brought astinging shock, the assumed result of residual static charging.

This hazardous condition only occurred with the suddenapplication of high voltage DC. This crown of deadly staticcharge stood straight out of highly electrified conductors,often seeking ground paths which included workmen andswitchboard operators. In long cables, this instantaneouscharge effect produced a hedge of bluish needles, pointingstraight away from the line into the surrounding space. Thehazardous condition appeared briefly, at the very instant ofswitch closure. The bluish sparking crown vanished a fewmilliseconds later, along with the life of any unfortunate whohappened to have been so ”struck”. After the brief effectpassed, systems behaved as designed. Such phenomena van-ished as charges slowly saturated the lines and systems. Afterthis brief surge, currents flowed smoothly and evenly as de-signed. The effect was a nuisance in small systems. But inlarge regional power systems where voltages were excessive,it proved deadly. Men were killed by the effect, which spreadits deadly electrostatic crown of sparks throughout componentsystems. Though generators were rated at a few thousandvolts, such mysterious surges represented hundreds of thou-sands, even millions of volts. The problem was eliminatedthrough the use of highly insulated, heavily grounded relayswitches. Former engineering studies considered only thosefeatures of power systems which accommodated the steadystate supply and consumption of power. It seemed as thoughlarge systems required both surge and normal operative designconsiderations. Accommodating the dangerous initial ”super-charge” was a new feature. This engineering study became theprime focus of power companies for years afterward, safetydevices and surge protectors being the subject of a great manypatents and texts. Tesla knew that the strange superchargingeffect was only observed at the very instant in which dynamoswere applied to wire lines, just as in his explosive capacitordischarges. Though the two instances were completely dif-ferent, they both produced the very same effects. The instan-taneous surge supplied by dynamos briefly appeared super-eoncentrated in long lines. Tesla calculated that this electro-static concentration was several orders in magnitude greaterthan any voltage which the dynamo could supply. The ac-tual supply was somehow being amplified or transformed. Buthow?

The general consensus among engineers was that this wasan electrostatic ”choking” effect. Many concluded it to bea ”bunching” action, where powerM fully applied force was

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unable to move charge quickly through a system. Mysteri-ous, the combined resistance of such systems seemed to influ-ence the charge carriers before they were able to move awayfrom the dynamo terminals’ Like slapping water with a rapidhand, the surface seemed solid. So also it was with the electri-cal force, charges meeting up against a seemingly solid wall.But the effect lasted only as long as the impact. Until cur-rent carriers had actually ”caught up” with the applied elec-trical field, the charges sprang from the line in all directions.A brief supercharging effect could be expected until chargeswere distributed, smoothly flowing through the whole line andsystem. The dynamo itself thus became the brief scene of aminor shockwave. He began wondering why it was possiblefor electrostatic fields to move more quickly than the actualcharges themselves, a perplexing mystery. Was the field it-self an entity which simply drove the more massive chargesalong? IT this was true, then of what was the eleclrostaticfield itself ”composed”? Was it a field of smaller particles?The questions were wonderfully endless.

Despite the wonderful ideas which this study stimulated,Tesla saw a practical application which had never occurredto him. Consideration of the dynamo supercharging effectsuggested a new experimental apparatus. It was one whichcould greatly outperform his capacitor battery in the searchto find electrical waves. A Simple high voltage DC generatorprovided his electric field source. Tesla understood that theresistance of lines or components, viewed from the dynamoend, seemed to be an impossible ”barrier” for charge carri-ers to penelrate. This barrier caused the ”bunching” effect.Eleclrostatic charges were literally stopped and held for an in-stant by line resistance, a barrier which only existed duringthe brief millisecond interval in which the power switch wasclosed. The sudden force application against this virtual bar-rier squeezed charge into a density impossible to obtain withordinary capacitors. It was the brief application of power, theimpact of charge against the resistance barrier, which broughtthis abnormal electro-densifled condition. This is why theconductive wires in his present experiment often exploded.

The analogy to steam power and steam engines wasurunistakable. Large steam engines had to be valved verycarefully. This required the expertise of old and well-experienced operators who knew how to ”open up” an enginewithout rupturing the vessels and causing a deadly explosion.Too suddenly valved, and even a large steam engine of veryhigh capacity could explode. Steam also had to be admit-ted into a system gently, until it began smoothly and gradu-ally flowing into every orifice, conduit, and component. Heretoo was the mysterious ”choking” effect, where a large capac-ity system seemed to behave like an uncommonly high resis-tance to any sudden and sustained application of force. Teslalearned that he could literally shape the resultant discharge, bymodifying certain circuit parameters. Time, force, and resis-tance were variables necessary to producing the phenomenon.

IV. PERMEATIONS

The academic world of experimenters was yet fixated onhis former discovery of high frequency alternating currents.It seemed that Tesla alone now exclusively studied these im-pulse discharges. He was producing explosive impulses whichhad not been observed in laboratories. Every component wascarefully insulated, himself implementing insulator rods andrubberized regalia to insure complete safety. Tesla had ob-served electrostatic machines whose ability to charge insu-lated metals was potent, but this demonslration exceeded themere charging of wire by the instantaneous switch closure.This effect produced ”springing” charge, phenomena like noother before witnessed by Tesla for its sheer strength. What-ever the conditions observed in previous systems, he had nowleamed how to maximize the effect. Balancing voltage andresistance against capacity, Tesla leamed to routinely producesupercharge states which no existing device could equal.

Emptrical observation had long taught that ordinary capac-itor discharges were oscillating currents, spark currents whichliterally ”bounced” between each capacitor plate until theirstored energy was wasted away. The high voltage of the dy-namo exerted such an intense unidirectional pressure on thedensified charges that alternations were impossible. The onlypossible backrushes were oscillations. In this case, chargessurged and stopped in a long series until the supercharge waswasted away. All parameters which forced such oscillationsactually limited the supercharge from manifesting its totalenergetic supply, a condition Tesla strove to eliminate. In-deed he spent an excessive time developing various means toblock every ”backrush” and other complex current echo whichmight forced the supercharge to prematurely waste its denseenergy. Here was an effect demanding a Single unidirectionalsuper pulse. With both the oscillations and alternations elimi-nated, new and strange effects began making their appearance.These powerful and penetrating phenomena were never ob-served when working with high frequency alternations. Thesudden quick closure of the switch now brought a penetrat-ing shockwave throughout the laboratory, one which could befelt both as a sharp pressure and a penetrating electrical irri-tation. A ”sting”. Face and hands were especially sensitiveto the explosive shockwaves, which also produced a curious”stinging” effect at close range. Tesla believed that materialparticles approaching the vapor state were literally thrust outof the wires in all directions. In order to better study these ef-fects, he poised himself behind a glass shield and resumed thestudy. Despite the shield, both shockwaves and stinging ef-fects were felt by the now mystified Tesla. This anomaly pro-voked a curiosity of the very deepest kind, for such a thing wasnever before observed. More powerful and penetrating thanthe mere electrostatic charging of metals, this phenomenonliterally propelled high voltage charge out into the surround-ing space where it was felt as a stinging sensation. The stingslasting for a small fraction of a second, the instant of switchclosure. But Tesla believed that these strange effects were aSimple effect of ionized shockwaves in the air, rather like astrongly ionized thunderclap.

Tesla devised a new series of experiments to measure the

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shockwave pressure from a greater distance. He required anautomatic ”trip switch”. With this properly arranged, a morecontrolled and repetitious triggering of the effect was possible.In addition, this arrangement permitted distant observationswhich might cast more light on the shied-permeating phe-nomenon. Controlling the speed of the high voltage dynamocontrolled the voltage. With these components properly ad-justed, Tesla was able to walk around his large gallery spacesand make observations. Wishing also to avoid the continuouspressure barrage and its slinging sparks, Tesla shielded him-self with several materials. The arrangement of rapidly in-terrupted high voltage direct currents resulted in the radiationof slinging rays which could be felt at great distances fromtheir super-sparking source. In fact, Tesla felt the slings rightthrough the shields! Whatever had been released from thewires during the instant of switch closure, successfully pene-trated the shields of glass and of copper. It made no difference,the effect permeated each substance as if the shield were notthere at all. Here was an electrical effect which communicateddirectly through space without material connections. Radiantelectricity!

In these several new observations, the phenomenon was vi-olating electrostatic charge principles experimentally estab-lished by Faraday. Projected electrostatic charges normallyspread out over the surface of metallic shield, they do notpenetrate metal. This effect had certain very non-electricalcharacteristics. Tesla was truly mystified by this strange newphenomenon, and searched the literature for references to itscharacteristics. No such reference was found, except in thesurreptitious observations of two experimenters. In one case,Joseph Henry observed the magnetization of steel needles bya heavy spark discharge. The extraordinary feature of this ob-servation (1842) lay in the fact that the Leyden Jar, whosespark apparently produced the magnetizations, stood on theupper floor of an otherwise electrically tmpervious building.Brick walls, thick oak doors, heavy stone and iron flooring, tinceilings. Moreover, the steel needles were housed in a vaultin the cellar. How did the spark affect such a change throughsuch a natural barrier? Dr. Henry believed that the spark hadreleased special ”light-like rays”, and these were the penetrat-ing agencies responsible for the magnetizations.

A second such account (1872) occurred in a high schoolbuilding in Philadelphia Elthu Thomson, a physics instructor,sought to make the sparks of a large Ruhmkorrf Spark Cot!more visible for his next lecture. Attaching one pole of thecot! to a cold water pipe, and reactivating the coil, Thomsonwas thrilled to find that the nature of the spark had changedfrom blue to white. Wishing to amplify this effect, Thomsonattached the other pole to a large metal tabletop. Again reac-tivating the coil produced a shrieking silver-white spark, en-tirely visible to any who sat in the last row. Wishing to showthis to a colleague, Edwin Houston, Thomson made for thedoor and was abruptly stopped. Touching the brass knob onthe otherwise insulated oak door, Thomson received an unex-pected sizzling shock. Turning off the Ruhmkorrf Coil, Thom-son found it possible to stop the effect. Calling for Edwin, hesummarized what had occurred. Then turning the unit backon again, the stinging charge effects returned. The two gen-

tlemen ran throughout the huge stone, oak, and iron buildingwith insulated metal objects now. Each touch of a penknifeor screwdriver to anything metallic, however distant from thecoil or insulated from the floor, produced long and continuouswhite sparks. The account was written up as a short article inScientific American later in the same year.

In studying each of these two prior observations, eventseach separated by some thirty years, Tesla perceived an essen-tial unity with that of his own discovery. Each observation wasperhaps a slight variant of the very same phenomenon. Some-how accidentally, each experimenter had managed to producethe explosive super-charging effect. In the case of Dr. Henry,the explosive bursts occurred in a Single flash, electrostaticmachines being used to accumulate the initial charge. Thesecond case was peculiar, since it evidenced the sustained andcontinuous production of super-charging effects. The effectwas rare because it obviously required very stringent electri-cal parameters. Tesla deduced this from the simple fact thatthe effect was so infrequently observed by experimenters theworld over. In addition, he was quick to remark concerningthe anomalous attributes attached to the phenomenon. Teslaknew that, despite the extremely penetrating effects in eachcase, he had secured the only means for achieving the ”com-plete” and maximum manifestation of supercharging. His wasan apparatus with no equal, capable of releasing an aspect ofthe electrostatic field which others very apparently had not.Though discovered by Tesla in 1889, the preliminary obser-vation of this effect was published after an intensive batteryof investigations. The ”Dissipation of Electricity”, publishedjust prior to Christmas of 1892, is the pivotal Tesla lecture.This is the departure point in which Tesla abandons researchand development of high frequency alternating current. Di-vorcing himself from that field entirely, Tesla describes theshockwaves and other effects of IMPULSES. In addition tothose physical sensations which he describes in characteristicunderstatements, Tesla also enlarges upon the ”gaseous” as-pects associated with the phenomena. He observed that theabruptly charged wires in his experiments projected a strangegaseous stream when immersed in an oil bath. A phenomenonwhich he once thought due entirely to wire-adsorbed gases, hefound that the effect could be so continuously produced froma Single wire that no volume of ordinary adsorbed gas couldsupply the flow. Indeed, he was able to produce streams of thiskind in oil which so powerfully projected from charged wireends that they visibly depressed the oil into a hole, some twoinches in depth! Tesla began to realize the true nature of thefine issuing ”gas” which projected from wire ends immersedin oil. He now prepared an extensive series of tests in orderto determine the true cause and nature of these shocking airpulses. In his article, Tesla describes the shield-permeatingshocks as ”soundwaves of electrified air”. Nevertheless, hemakes a remarkable statement concerning the sound, heat,light, pressure, and shock which he sensed passing directlythrough copper plates. Collectively, they ”imply the presenceof a medium of gaseous structure, that is, one consisting ofindependent carriers capable of free motion”. Since air wasobviously not this ”medium”, to what then was he referring?Further in the article he clearly states that ”besides the air, an-

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other medium is present”.

V. RADIANT ELECTRICITY

Through successive experimental arrangements, Tesla dis-covered several facts concerning the production of his effect.First, the cause was undoubtedly found in the abruptness ofcharging. It was tn the switch closure, the very instant of ”clo-sure and break”, which thrust the effect out into space. Theeffect was definitely related to time, IMPULSE time. Second,Tesla found that it was imperative that the charging processoccurred in a Singleimpulse. No reversal of current was per-missible, else the effect would not manifest. In this, Teslamade succinct remarks describing the role of capacity in thespark-radiative circuit. He found that the effect was pow-erfully strengthened by placing a capacitor between the dis-rupter and the dynamo. While providing a tremendous powerin the effect, the dielectric of the capacitor also served to pro-tect the dynamo windings. Not yet sure of the process at workin this phenomenon, Tesla sought the empirical understandingrequired for its amplification and utilization. He had alreadyrealized the significance of this unexpected effect. The ideaof bringing this strange and wondrous new phenomenon toits full potential already suggested thrilling new possibilitiesin his mind. He completely abandoned research and develop-ment of alternating current systems after this event, intimatingthat a new technology was about to unfold. The effect couldalso be greatly intensified to new and more powerful levels byraising the voltage, quickening the switch ”make-break” rate,and shortening the actual time of switch closure. Thus far,Tesla employed rotating contact switches to produce his unidi-rectional impulses. When these mechanical impulse systemsfailed to achieve the greatest possible effects, Tesla sought amore ”automatic” and powerful means. He found this ”auto-matic switch” in special electrical arc dischargers. The highvoltage output of a DC generator was applied to twin conduc-tors through his new arc mechanism, a very powerful perma-nent magnet sitting crosswise to the discharge path. The dis-charge arc was automatically and continually ”blown out” bythis magnetic field. Imperative toward obtaining the desiredrare effect, the capacitor and its connected wire lines had tobe so chosen as to receive and discharge the acquired elec-trostatlc charge in unidirectional staccato fashion. The trueTesla circuit very much resembles a pulse jet, where no backpressure ever stops the onrushing flow. Electrostatic chargerises to a maximum, and is discharged much more quickly.The constant application of high voltage dynamo pressure tothe circuit insures that continual successions of ”charge-rapiddischarge” are obtained. It is then and only then that the TeslaEffect is observed. Pulses literally flow through the apparatusfrom the dynamo. The capacitor, disrupter, and its attachedwire lines, behave as the flutter valve.

The high voltage dynamo remains the true electrostaticsource in the apparatus. This was a fact well appreciatedby Tesla, who disliked the painful radiant effects proceed-ing into space. It was evident that the dynamo had some-how been modified by the addition of these ”pulsing valve”

circuits. The dynamos being used provided deadly voltages,capable of killing a man. The valve circuits were forcing astrange radiance of those deacUyfield energies. Somehow, thedynamo energy was being expanded into space with danger-ous and painful force. But how? By what mysterious andprovocative means was this condition established? The re-sult of this experimental series fixed a new concept in Tesla’smind. Tesla had of course realized the implications of hismysterious shocking-field effect. This was radiant electric-ity. With this phenomenon, Tesla could develop a far betterworld-changing technology than Polyphase. Moreover, thisradiant electric effect could replace powerlines. The Tesla Re-search Laboratory was a four story structure which stood at33-35South Fifih Avenue in New York City. Buildings suchas the Tesla Laboratory may yet be found in the Soho sectionof Marthaltan. Each is large in size, amply supplied with sev-eral floors of immense gallery halls and upper floor studios.He was thus afforded the space to perform several criticalexperiments in broadcast electrical power techniques. Teslafirst conducted elaborate and extensive investigations in orderto comprehend the exact nature of this new electrical effect.Tesla realized that this strange ”shocking field” actually radi-ated through space from the impulse apparatus. If this waselectrostatic energy, it was more intense and more penetrat-ing than any electrostatic field he had ever observed. If thiswas merely a ”stuttered” electrostatic field, why then was itsstrength so very intensified? Tesla began to believe that he haddiscovered a new electrical force, not simply a treatment of anexisting force. It is for this reason that he often described theeffect as ”electrodynamic” or ”more electrostatic”.

By properly adjusting the inherent circuit parameters, Teslalearned how to produce an extremely rapid series of unidirec-tional impulses on demand. When the impulses were short,abrupt, and precise in their successions, Tesla found that theshocking effect could permeate very large volumes of spacewith apparently no loss of intensity. He also found that theshocking effect penetrated sizable metal shields and most in-sulators with ease. Developing a means for controlling thenumber of impulses per second, as well as the intermittenttime intervals between each successive impulse, he began dis-covering a new realm of effects. Each impulse duration gaveits own peculiar effects. Able to feel the stinging shocks,though shielded at a distance of nearly fifty feet from his ap-paratus, Tesla recognized at once that a new potential for elec-trical power transmission had been revealed to him. Tesla wasfirst to understand that electrical shock waves represented anew means for transforming the world.

Even as his Polyphase had done, Tesla fully intended todisclose his discoveries to the world at large. Radiant elec-tricity had special characteristics of which the scientific worldhad no knowledge. If released with sufficient power, radiantelectrical broadcasts could kill. His initial experiments weresufficiently potent enough to cause severe and painful stings.Here was a lethal system requiring control and developmentWhat was intended to be a great benefit to humanity could bemisconstrued as the greatest detriment. Working with a sim-ple but powerful embodiment of his original apparatus, Teslafound that radiant electricity could induce powerful electrical

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effects at a distance. These effects were not alternations, notalternating waves. They were longitudinal waves, composedof successive shocking waves. The advance of each shock-ing wave, followed by short neutral zones together comprisedthe radiant field. Vectorial components of these shockwavesuccessions were always unidirectional. The stuttering shock-waves were capable of forcing charges in the direction of theirpropagation.

Objects placed near this device became powerfully electri-fied, retaining a Singular charge sign for many minutes afterthe magnetic discharger had been deactivated. Tesla foundit possible to amplify these Single charge effects by a Sim-ple asymmetrical alignment of the magnetic discharger. Byplacing the magnetic discharger closer to one or the other sideof the charging dynamo, either force positive or force neg-ative vectors could be selected and projected, Thus, chargecould be projected into or drawn from any object in the fieldspace. Introducing objects into the radiant space gave spectac-ular effects, becoming surrounded by crowns of white sparks.Objects charged by this apparatus evidenced a powerful andpermeating charge action like no other seen before. This wasa new electrical force. Tesla realized more than ever that hewas in unknown territory. The fact that these radiant forcestravelled as light-like rays distinguished them from the elec-tromagnetic waves of Maxwell. The waves were weak, butthese rays were strong. Uncommonly strong Directional ef-fects could obtained by shaping the wire lines which radiatedthe shocking waves. The condition which best radiated evenlyin all directions required that each line be semi-circular, theentire apparatus being circularly disposed. How far did thisfield extend, and what was the effect of distance on the inten-sity of the radiant field? Tesla found it impossible to measurea diminution in radiant force at several hundred yards. In com-parison, he recalled that Hertz found it relatively easy to mea-sure notable inverse square diminutions within the confines ofhis laboratory in Bonn. Tesla suspected that these effects werecoherent, not subject to inverse laws other than those due toray divergence. If he wished to broadcast power to a neighbor-hood, it would be critical that all radiant energy be focussedin receivable directions.

Also, Tesla wished to determine the effect of gradually de-creased impulse durations required greatest skill and precau-tion. Tesla knew that he would be exposing himself to mor-tal danger. Controlling the rapidity of current blowout in themagnetic DC are, Tesla released a new spectrum of light-like energies throughout his large gallery space. These en-ergetic species were like no other which the world has sinceseen. Tesla found that impulse duration alone defined the ef-fect of each succinct spectrum. These effects were completelydistinctive, endowed with strange additional qualities neverpurely experienced in Nature. Moreover, Tesla observed dis-tinct color changes in the discharge space when each impulserange had been reached or crossed. Never before seen dis-charge colorations did not remain a mystery for long. Trainsof impulses, each exceeding 0.1 millisecond duration, pro-duced pain and mechanical pressures. In this radiant field, ob-jects visibly vibrated and even moved as the force field drovethem along. Thin wires, exposed to sudden bursts of the radi-

ant field, exploded into vapor. Pain and physical movementsceased when impulses of 100 microseconds or less were pro-duced. These latter features suggested weapon systems offrightful potentials.

With impulses of 1.0 microsecond duration, strong physio-logical heat was sensed. Further decreases in impulse broughtspontaneous illuminations capable of filling rooms and vac-uum globes with white light. At these impulse frequencies,Tesla was able to stimulate the appearance of effects whichare normally admixed among the electromagnetic energies in-herent in sunlight. Shorter impulses produced cool room pen-etrating breezes, with an accompanying uplift in mood andawareness. There were no limits in this progression towardimpulses of diminished duration. None of these impulse en-ergies could be duplicated through the use of high frequencyharmonic alternations, those which Sir Oliver Lodge popu-larized, and which later was embodied in Marconi Wave Ra-dio. Few could reproduce these effects because so few under-stood the absolute necessity of observing those parameters setby Tesla. These facts have been elucidated by Eric Dollard,who also successfully obtained the strange and distinct effectsclaimed by Tesla.

VI. TRANSFORMER

By 1890, after a period of intense experimentation and de-sign development, Tesla summarized the components neces-sary for the practical deployment of a radiant electrical powerdistribution system. Tesla had already discovered the wonder-ful fact that impulse durations of 100 microseconds or lesscould not be sensed and would do no physiological harm.He planned to use these in his power broadcast. Further-more, shocking waves of 100 microsecond duration passedthrough all matter, a fitting form of electrical energy to broad-cast throughout the stone, steel, and glass of a power-needycity. Tesla would not expect distortions with specially ad-justed energy fields, vectors which permeated matter withoutinteractive effects. Tesla made a most startling discovery thesame year, when placing a long Single-turn copper helix nearhis magnetic disrupter. The coil, some two feet in length, didnot behave as did solid copper pipes and other objects. Thethin- walled coil became ensheathed in an envelope of whitesparks, Undulating from the crown of this coil were very longand fluidic silvery white streamers, soft discharges which ap-peared to have been considerably raised in voltage, These ef-fects were greatly intensified when the helical coil was placedwithin the clisrupterwire circle, Inside this ”shockzone”, thehelical coil was surrounded in a blast which hugged into itssurface, and rode up the coil to its open end, It seemed asthough the shockwave actually pulled away from surroundingspace to cling to the coil surface, a strange attractive prefer-ence. The shockwave flowed over the coil at right angles tothe windings, an unbelievable effect. The sheer length of dis-charges leaping from the helix crown was incomprehensible,With the disrupter discharge jumping I inch in its magnetichousing, the white llimmering discharges rose from the helixto a measured length of over two feet. This discharge equalled

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the very length of the coil itself1 It was an unexpected and un-heard transformation.

Here was an action more nearly ”electrostatic” in nature,although he knew that academes would not comprehend thisterm when used in this situation, Electrostatic energy did notfluctuate as did his shockwaves. The explosive shockwavehad characteristics unlike any other electrical machine in ex-istence, Yet Tesla stated that the shockwave, during the briefinstant in which it made its explosive appearance, more nearlyresembled an electrostatic field than any other known electri-cal manifestation, Just as in electrostatic friction machines,where current and magnetism are negligible, a very energeticfield component fills space in radiating lines, This ”dielectric”field normally launches through space in a slow growth ascharges are gathered. Here was a case where a DC gener-ator provided the high voltage. This voltage charged an in-sulated hoop of copper, growing to its maximum value. Ifall values in the circuit were properly balanced, in the man-ner prescribed by Tesla, a sudden charge collapse would thenoccur, This collapse was necessarily very much shorter thanthe interval required to charge the hoop, The collapse comeswhen the magnetic disrupter extinguishes the are, If the circuitis properly structured, no backrush alternations ever occur.

This unidirectional succession of charge-d.ischarge im-pulses causes a very strange field to expand outward, onewhich vaguely resembles a ”stuttering” or ”staccato” electro-static field, But these terms did not satisfactorily describe theconditions actually measured around the apparatus, a power-ful radiant effect exceeding all expectable electrostatic val-ues, Actual calculation of these discharge ratios proved im-possible, Implementing the standard magneto-inductive trans-former rule, Tesla was unable to account for the enormousvoltage multiplication effect. Conventional relationships fail-ing, Tesla hypothesized that the effect was due entirely to ra-diant transformation rules, obviously requiring empirical de-termination, Subsequent measurements of discharge lengthsand helix attributes provided the necessary new mathematicalrelationship.

He had discovered a new induction law, one where radiantshockwaves actually auto-intensified when encountering seg-mented objects. The segmentation was the key to releasing theaction. Radiant shockwaves encountered an helix and ”flashedover” the outer skin, from end to end. This shockwave did notpass through the windings of the coil at all, treating the coilsurface as an aerodynamic plane. The shockwave pulse auto-intensified exactly as gas pressures continually increase whenpassing through Venturi tuhes. A consistent increase in elec-trical pressure was measured along the coil surface. Indeed,Tesla stated that voltages could often be increased at an amaz-ing 10,000 volts per inch of axial coil surface. This meant thata 24 inch coil could absorb radiant shockwaves which initiallymeasured 10,000 volts, with a subsequent maximum rise to240,000 volts! Such transformations of voltage were unheardwith apparatus of this volume and simplicity. Tesla furtherdiscovered that the output voltages were mathematically re-lated to the resistance of turns in the helix. Higher resistancemeant higher voltage maxima.

He began referring to his disrupter line as his special ”pri-

mary”, and to the helical coil placed within the shockzone,as his special ”secondary”. But he never intended anyoneto equate these terms with those referring to magnetoelectrictransformers. This discovery was indeed completely differentfrom magneto-induction. There was a real and measurablereason why he could make this outlandish statement Therewas an attribute which completely baffled Tesla for a time.Tesla measured a zero current condition in these long coppersecondary coils. He determined that the current which shouldhave appeared was completely absent. Pure voltage was risingwith each inch of coil surface. Tesla constantly referred to his”electrostatic induction laws”, a principle which few compre-hended. Tesla called the combined disrupter and secondaryhelix a ”Transforrner”.

Tesla Transformers are not magnetoelectric devices, theyuse radiant shockwaves, and produce pure voltage withoutcurrent. No university High Frequency Coil must ever becalled a ”Tesla Coil”, since the devices usually employedin demonstration halls are the direct result of apparatus per-fected by Sir Oliver Lodge and not by Nikola Tesla. TheTesla Transformer is an impulse apparatus, and cannot be aseasily constructed except by strict conformity with parame-ters which Tesla enunciated. Tesla Transformers produce ex-traordinary white impulse discharges of extreme length andpressure, which exceed the alternating violet spark displays ofLodge Coils. This is illustrated by noting the manner in whichTesla Transformers are actually constructed. While lookingand seeming the same, each system actually performs verydifferent functions. Lodge Coils are alternators. Tesla Trans-formers are unidirectional impulses.

The most efficient Tesla Transformations were obtainedonly when the disruptive radiating wire line equalled the massof the helical coil. The empirical determination proved thata mysterious and Simple mass-to-mass correspondence nec-essarily existed between the disrupter apparatus and the sec-ondary coil. Tesla learned that a simple balance beam couldbe used to best design his Transformers. Metal line or thickmetal strapping would be cut and placed on one side of thebalance. Thin copper wire would be unwound from a spooland hung on the other balance beam end. When the bal-ance was even, when the masses were identical, Tesla cut thethin wire. Transformers made in this mass-to-mass ratio con-sistently provided the most powerful transformations. EachTransformer conducted a specific impulse duration with spe-cial force. Therefore each had to be ”tuned” by adjusting thedisrupter to that specific impulse duration. Adjustments of arcdistance provided this control factor. Once each transformerwas tuned to its own special response rate, impulses couldflow smoothly through the system like gas flowing in a pipe.Finding that gas-dynarnic analogies and applications indeedprovided him with a consistent record of successful assess-ments in these regards, Tesla began considering whether ornot the white flame discharges, so different from anything hehad ever seen, might not be a gaseous manifestation of elec-trostatic force. There were certainly abundant experimentalinstances in which a purely gaseous nature, so unlike any-thing electrical, was being clearly made manifest. The man-ner in which the radiant shockwave travelled over the wire

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cailings in white flimmering laminar streams, brought a newrevolution in thought. Voltage pulses traversed the secondarysurface like a gas pulse under increasing constriction, Untilreaching the free end of the coil, these gaseous pulses flowedover the copper surface rather than through it. Tesla referredto this specific manifestation as the ”skin effect”. In this thedischarge greatly resembled the manner of gases in motionover surfaces.

Furthermore, whenever a metal point was connected to theupper terminal of one of his Transformers, the stream becamemore directive. It behaved just like a stream of water in apipe. When the white flimmering stream was directed at dis-tant metal plates, it produced electronic charges. This chargeproduction could be measured as amperage, ”current”, at thereception site. In transit however, no such amperage existed.Amperage appeared only when intercepted. Eric Dollard hasstated that the space surrounding Tesla Impulse Transformersso surges with these streams that the ”interception current”can reach several hundred or even thousands of amperes. Butof what was this mysterious stream composed? Tesla strug-gled with the doubt that these discharge phenomena might beordinary electricity behaving in extraordinary ways. But didelectricity indeed have a smooth, soft, and fllmmertng nature?The electricity with which he was familiar was shocking, hot,burning, deadiy, piercing, stinging, alI the attributes of an ir-ritant. But this discharge phenomenon was, whether cool orwarm to the touch, soft and gentle. It would not kill. Eventhe manner in which the pulse exploded as bright white dis-charges of greatly transformed voltage, suggested the way inwhich gases behave when released from their confinementsunder pressure. These reflective meditations convinced Teslathat this effect was not purely electrical in nature. Closelyexamining the white flames, Tesla realized why there was nomeasurable ”electrical current” at the crown of these activatedcoils. The normal heavy charge carriers, electrons, could nottravel as quickly as the radiant pulse itself. Choked in themetallic lattice of the coil, electrons became immobile. Noelectron current moved through the coil at all. The radiantpulse which moved over the coil surface, was therefore notelectronic in nature.

Additionally, Tesla discovered an amazing phenomenonwhich removed all doubt concerning the true nature of en-ergetic carriers at work in his apparatus. Tesla arranged avery heavy a U-shaped copper bus-bar, connecting both legsdirectly to his disrupter primary. Across the legs of this U-shaped busbar were placed several incandescent lamps. Thearrangement was a very evident short circuit. The lamps wereilluminated to a brilliant cold white light, while being shortedby a heavy copper shunt. Uncharacteristic of particulate cur-rent electricity, the bright but cold lamps revealed that an-other energetic current was indeed flowing through the ”short-circuits”. Those who observed this experiment did not ex-pected it to perform any function save the incineration of thedisrupter circuit and possibly of the dynamo itself. Insteadof this, witnesses beheld a marvel. The lamps lit to an un-common brightness. In this Simple demonstration, Tesla wasillustrating but one of his many evidences. Electronic chargeswould prefer the least resistant circuit, rejecting the incandes-

cent bulbs for the copper path. The current in this situationchose to conform with a contradictory principle. Perhaps thiswas true because the currents were not electrical. Tesla repeat-edly used this demonstration to evidence the ”fractionation”of currents electronic, from currents neutral.

VII. LUMINIFEROUS ÆTHER

A Single question remained, the answer to which wouldprovide him with the essential information needed to create anew technology. What so separated or ”fractioned” the diversemobile carriers in his Transformer? It was the geometric con-figuration of the coil which inadvertently separated each com-ponent. Electrons were blocked from flowing through the wirelength, while the radiant pulse was released over the coil sur-face as a gaseous pulse. Electrons should have drifted throughthe wire but, during each impulse period, were blocked by theline resistance. Thus, the gaseous mobile carriers were re-leased to flow outside the wire, a pulse which travelled alongthe outer coil surface from end to end.

Here then was evidence that electrical discharges were in-deed composed of several simultaneous mobile species. Teslanow comprehended why his first high frequency alternatingcurrents never evidenced these powerful actions. It was theabruptness, the violence of the impulsive discharge, whichgave free mobility to this unsuspected ”gaseous” componentImpulses, unidirectional impulses, were the only means bywhich these potentials could be unlocked. Alternations wereabsolutely useless in this regard. Moreover, because alterna-tions could not unleash the second gas-dynamic component,it remained an unusable and pitifully weak means. Tesla for-ever viewed his high frequency alternating devices as failedprojects. This has great bearing on his highly critical viewsof Marconi and all the others like him who pursued high fre-quency alternating wave radio. Tesla began to study a topicwhich has found more enemies and critics than any this cen-tury. Tesla, with greatest interest now, began researching ”theæther”.

Victorian Science came to believe that space, all of space,was absolutely permeated with an ultrafine gas which theytermed ”æther”, It was in this gaseous atmosphere that lightwas said to be transmitted through space. In fact, space wasnot viewed as a pure vacuum, æther filled that vacuum. SomeVictorians stated that the æther could, at times, be visiblyseen. The golden haze which often fills spaces within build-ings were said to be manifestations of æther gas. These dis-plays could be seen in conditions of minimal humidity and inthe absence of aerial dust. Others mentioned the colorationsoften seen with the eyes opened, in a dark room or against aganzfeld, as evidence of retheric luminations (Reichenbach).In order to satisfy all of the physical dynamics which eventu-ally became attached to the concept, æther gas acquired sev-eral mutually contradictory attributes.

Lodge stated that æther gas necessarily existed in a densitycomparable to that of steel, yet behaved as a fluid. Æther gaswas also capable of passing through most substances, a per-meating substance having no terrestrial equal. When an ex-

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periment designed to measure ”æther drift” with light beaminterferometry failed, most repudiated the existence of thisgaseous space filling atmosphere altogether. Just before thismoment in science history however, a wonderful theoreticalabstract was published explaining the reality of the æther inchemical terms. If not for the author and his credibility, fewwould appreciate the import of his assertions.

A comprehensive analysis of these contradictory attributeswas engaged by Professor Dmitri Mendeleev, ”father” of thePeriodic Table. Just before the turn of the Century, Dr.Mendeleev produced a wonderful theoretical view which ele-gantly satisfied each of the reigning contradictions of his day.His work was published years later in a small booklet enti-tled” A Chemical Conception of The Ether” (1904). Herein,he treated the rether gas as an interstellar atmosphere com-posed of at least two lighter-than-hydrogen elements. Thesewere produced by violent bombardments in stars, the sun be-ing the most prolific neighboring source. According to Dr.Mendeleev, æther gas was an atmosphere probably composedof several different elemental species. He anticipated that thetwo gases would be found. Although these pre-hydrogen ele-ments remained yet unknown, Mendeleev placed them in hisPeriodic Table just as he did when composing the Table in1869.

These gases were placed in a special ”zero group” pre-ceding the Noble gases. The inertness of these æther gasesexplained their elusive ”non-reactive” character. The nearlymassless state of these different eethenc gases explained theirability both to permeate all matter without chemically inter-acting with it, and the high apparent density of æther. Thelightest and first æther gas was assigned a theoretical atomicweight one hundred millionth that of hydrogen. The kineticvelocity of this first gas was calculated at 2.5 million me-ters per second. Such a highly mobile and vanishing æthericmass could be rarefied and yet ”appear” extremely dense.Dr. Mendeleev fully anticipated that these gaseous elementswould someday be found through extraordinary apparatus.Others felt that, in this physical analysis, Dr. Mendeleev hadnot glimpsed the real æther at all. Many Victorian claimedthat æther was extremely dense, like a flood of matter whichcould be felt as a pressure and seen as a multicolored radiance.Tesla ascribed to both of these views.

Tesla applied these principles in explaining the actions sovisibly at work in his newest apparatus. Macroscopically, ra-diant shockwaves behaved as a gaseous impulse having elec-trical characteristics. This was no ordinary gas however. This”gaseous” component was not atmospheric in the ordinarysense. It was not the result of adsorbed gases on the cop-per coil surface. This gas pulse travelled over the coil surfaceswith super-luminal velocity. Mr. Dollard utilized line inter-ferometry to measure and compare both components in a realTesla Impulse Transformer, and has proven the vast velocitydilIerences between both. Moreover, the mysterious surface-riding component was found to travel at a super-luminal ve-locity. Those experimental measurement successfully vindi-cated the claim of Tesla in this regards in 1985. When re-ferring to these discharges and their strange attributes and ef-fects, Tesla always used gasdynarnic terms and gas-dynamic

analogues. Throughout his use of such terminology, Tesla wasinferring that something unlike normal electricity was flowingthrough short electrical impulses. That something was indeedbehaving like a gas. The gas-dynamic components which rodethe outer coil surface required aerodynamically smooth sur-faces.

Tesla came to believe that dielectric fields were actuallycomposed of æther streams. Theoretically then, one could de-rive limitless energy by trapping and conducting a naturallyoccurring dielectric field line. The problem was that no or-dinarily accessible material could resist the æther enough toderive any momentum from it With a stream so rare as to passthrough all known materials, the kinetic energy inherent indielectric field lines would remain an elusive energy source.Tesla believed he may have found the secret to tapping thisenergy, but it would not require an ordinary kind of matter.Tesla viewed voltage as streams of æther under various statesof pressure. Raising these stresses could produce enormousrether streams, where the observed voltages would then be ex-tremely high and luminous. This was the very condition whichTesla had come to believe had been established in his Trans-formers. In fact, Tesla repeatedly stated that his Transformerseffected powerful movements in the æther. In one truly mys-tifying experiment indicative of these comprehension, Tesladescribes the production of very rapid impulse trains with asubsequent production of ”cool misty white streamers extend-ing a yard into space”. These were cool to the touch, andharmless. If electrical in nature, they would necessarily havebeen several million volts in potentials. Their harmlessnessis coupled with their sinuous nature, one completely unlikeelectrical currents. Michael Theroux successfully duplicatedTeslian experiments with an apparatus whose secondary wasno more than 2 feet in length, with a width of 1 fool. Whencharged with a powerful electrostatic disruptive device of hisown design and construction, Mr. Theroux succeeded in pro-ducing fluidic white streamers, sometimes exceeding 12 feetin length! These streamers continually grew in size, reachingthe far wall of a cellar laboratory. Sinuous in their twistingmanner, he reports that the ends of these branched with lo-bate ends, an unlikely characteristic for ordinary electricity.Contrasted against the discharges produced by Wimhurst Ma-chines and other Electrostatic devices alone, these white andhighly vibrant displays lacked the blue and stark jaggednesscommonly associated with sparks termed ”electric”. In thelight of experimental achievements such as these, and their at-tendant phenomena, we are required to review our theoreticalbase and reassess our most fundamental conventions.

Indeed, to understand Tesla Technology one must eliminatethe notion that electrons are the ”working fluid” in his radiantenergy designs. With the lower coil end connected directlyto the dynamo, high voltage æther streamers were projectedfrom the upper terminal. When describing each of his relevantpatents in this new technology, Tesla forever spoke of ”light-like rays” and ”the natural medium”. The first term refersto the tightly constricted æther streams which are propelledfrom his Transformers along infmitesimal ray lines, and thelatter refers to the all-pervading æther atmosphere in whichhis technology operated.

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Tesla now understood why the coloration of discharges var-ied so with various impulse durations. Each gas of the æthericatmosphere was being stimulated to luminescence. Tesla re-peatedly produced discharge colorations which had no equiv-alent in the common gas spectra prevalent in the terrestrialatmosphere. Colors of blood-red, and sky blue, of peach,and white were each described in detail by Nikola Tesla. Al-though sharing certain characteristics with electricity, æthericenergy was a totally different expression. Ætheric energy helda potential which more nearly matched the expectations ofthose who dream and wish, a mystery realm. Tesla perceivedthis kinship between thought and ætheric energy with keen-est intrigue, already planning the several necessary investiga-tions before approaching this potential psychotronic technol-ogy. He often exposed himself to the very shortest of ætherimpulse radiance, discovering the mind-elevating effects grewwith lime. Etheric energy demonstrated growth character-istics which Tesla noted with amazement. It is impossibleto comprehend Teslian Technology apart from the controver-sial topic concerning the æther, Many analysts will reject theconcept without first seeking out and discovering the proofswhich have been established by experimenters such as EricDollard. Nevertheless, the overwhelming evidence proves thatTesla had indeed been first to identify the gases which Dr.Mendeleev had so long predicted. Tesla addressed the notionthat æther streams were being pulled through his Transform-ers, drawn in at higher natural pressure, and accelerated inthe sharp electrical discharge. As electrical systems, Teslaapparatus cannot completely be understood or explained. Onemust view Teslian Technology as an æther gas technology, onecapable of being explained only through gas-dynamic ana-logues.

It was now easy to understand how such projected rays,æther gas streams under high pressure, could penetrate metalsand insulators alike. These powerful rays often could pene-trate certain materials with inexplicable efficiency. Electricitydid not perform these wonders. Tesla also now understoodwhy these discharge streams produced their smoothly hissingsounds, visibly appearing like gas jets under high pressure.LEther gas under pressure. But what of the other character-istics of this gaseous component? Here was a new world offorces and dynamiCSvaguely glimpsed by researchers suchas LUigiGalvani who, in order to release the more vitalizingcomponents observed in metals which were aerially disposedor grounded, persistently sought the elimination of electroniccharge. Tesla was completely mystified. He had successfullyreleased the mystery current, normally suppressed and boundin electronic charge carriers. Unidirectional impulsive dis-charges of high voltage and abrupt durations released them.What other potentials would æther gas technology release?

VIII. BROADCAST POWER

The original cylindrical coils were quickly replaced withcone shaped coils. With these bizarre geometries, Tesla wasable to focus the gas-dynamic component, which now roseup like a jet of hissing white light from the coil tip. Tesla

recognized that these discharges, while spectacular and aweinspiring, actually represented lost power. A power broadcaststation had to evenly disperse the energetic radiance in all di-rections. Flame-like discharges caused the available power toundulate in space. This would produce unpredictable powerdrops at great distances. Consumers would not receive a re-liable and consistent stream of energy. If his Power Trans-former was to operate with highest broadcast efficiency, theseflame-like discharges necessarily had to be suppressed. Butsuppressing these excessive æther jets proved problematic.

Tesla found that the white tlimmering streams were ab-sorbed in large capacity volumes, masses in which the streamswere absorbed, filtered, and expelled. The use of copperspheres atop his Transformers forced the streams sufficientlyapart to suppress the white flame. Power was now evenlydispersed throughout space as required. But a new problemappeared. The copper spheres, being impacted by the highvoltage streams which they were forced to now conduct, ex-pelled electronic components. These appeared along with theradiance, producing truly dangerous conditions. The prob-lem was stimulated by conduction, a case where the sphericalcopper ball was impacted throughout its volume. The whiteflimmering streams permeated the copper and expelled elec-trons. These contaminants concentrated their escape from thesystem as harmful, blue stinging dartlets. By comparison, thewhite flame-like discharge was a smooth and harmless glow.

Comparing the two species, Tesla recognized the differencein charge carriers. Tesla was once nearly killed when one suchdartlet jumped three feet through the air and struck him di-rectly over the heart. The copper spheres had to be removedand replaced by another dispersion component. Metals wereapparently of no utility in this case, being natural reservoirsof electrons. Tesla eventually suggested that metals manufac-tured electrons when impacted with these special flame-whitecurrents, the carriers in the white flames becoming concen-trated within the metallic lattice. This concept was later devel-oped into an amazing theory by Tesla, one which thorougblyexplains natural radioactivity as the result of impact.

While developing new lamps for his power system, Tesladiscovered that gas-filled globes could provide more effi-cient suppression capacity for flaring æther streams, andpromptly directed that his transformers be surmounted withsuch globes. The absence of metal mass eliminated the pos-sibility that æther impulses could impact the metal lattice andexpel electronic charges. These gas-globe terminals dispersedonly the pure ætheric stream, a perfect solution for his originaldilemma. Tesla now found himself in possession of compo-nents necessary to establishing his Power Broadcast Systemon a commercial basis.

He had already observed how the very air near these Trans-formers could be rendered strangely self-luminous. This was alight like no high frequency coil ever could produce, a coronaof white brilliance which expanded to ever enlarging diame-ters. The light from Tesla Transformers continually expands.Tesla described the growing column of light which surroundsany elevated line which has been connected to his Transform-ers. Unlike common high frequency alternations, Tesla radi-ant energy effects grow with time. Tesla recognized the rea-

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son for this temporal growth process. There were no reversalsin the source discharges. therefore the radiant energy wouldnever remove the work performed on any space or material soexposed. N; with the unidirectional impulse discharges, theradiant electric effects were additive and accumulative. In thisrespect, Tesla observed energy magnifications which seemedtotally anomalous to ordinary engineering convention.

It was easy to control the brilliance of a room by control-ling the voltage in his transformers. The light from this sortof illumination was curiously bright to human perception, butnearly impossible to photograph on film. Tesla found it neces-sary to make long time exposures of his discharges before thefaintest sort of streamers could be made visible. This strangeinability to register photographically was contrasted againstthe brilliance perceived in the eyes, one which required del-icate control. Tesla also designed, built, and utilized largeglobe lamps which required only a Single external plate forreceiving the radiant energies. However distantly placed fromthe radiant source, these lamps became brilliantly illuminated.Theirs was a brilliance approaching that of an arc lamp, andexceeding any of the conventional Edison filament lamps byseveral factors. It was also easy for Tesla to control the heatof any space. By controlling both the voltage and impulseduration of energy in his Transformers, Tesla could heat up aroom. Cool breezes could also be arranged by appropriatelysetting the impulse duration.

Tesla was amazed by the fact that mass ratios governed theefficient operation of his æther Transformers. The wonderfulfact that mass ratios provided the most efficient transactionof broadcast energy was the mystifying reminder that theseenergies were not electrical. No electrical law existed in justsuch a bizarre format, not even when describing inductions be-tween high frequency alternators. The original gas-clynamicimplication inherent in this strange ratio requirement was con-firmed. Now Tesla designed receiving apparatus for his futureconsumers. The mass of home receiving coils had to matchthe equivalent mass of the central transmitting coils of thebroadcast center. Tesla matched coils and capacitors to pro-duce this equivalent mass ratio, satisfying the natural require-ments of the ætheric radiance. An elevated ball-like terminalwould receive the broadcast energy, conveying it down intoa central home-distribution apparatus. Here, the eethenc en-ergy would be rebroadcast throughout the household withoutwires. Appliances could Simply be moved to where they wereneeded, and turned on. Nothing could be more simple.

While Tesla’s models were made with technological ob-jectives in mind, he was not without an appreciation of fineart and the beauty of artistic elegance. In certain respects,Tesla’s tastes were extravagant, a luxury which he could cer-tainly yet afford. He was certain that each component of hissystem would be redesigned by artists and made more appeal-ing for the consumer. The ”look” of these appliances carriedwith them an aire of the future. In fact, Tesla invented an as-tounding collection of futuristic-looking appliances. Motorsnow appeared in an amazing variety, requiring no wire con-nections, save the small metal plates held on opposite ends ofthe motor housing, Placed in any position, the motors pow-erfully spun when the radiant field was on. Here was motive

energy for home and industry alike.Tesla performed outdoor experimental tests of broadcast

power in the northernmost reaches of Manhattan by night.Sending metallized balloons aloft, he raised conductive lines.These were connected to the terminals of his Transformers,and activated. When properly adjusted, the white luminouscolumns began covering the vertical aerial line and expandedby the second. Enveloping Tesla, his assistants, and the sur-rounding trees, this strange white luminosity moved out intothe countryside to an enormous volume of space. Tesla de-scribed this phenomenon in several of his power transmis-sion patents, the obvious artifact of a non-electrical energy.His Transformer was now behaving as Originallyvisualized.Now it was a true Transmitter, a Transmitter of retheric en-ergy. Appliances were disposed at various distances from thistemporary central broadcast station on the meadows, absorb-ing energy from the retheric radiance and performing to fullefficiency. Lamps brilliant, motors humming, heaters radiat-ing. The small radiant system worked with a rare power. Morehighly energetic, exceeding the mobility of ionic charges, andoverpowering any field inductions by several thousand orders,only retheric energy could have accomplished this feat. Teslahad all of the components now. Broadcast power, once avisionary dream, had become a working system. There ap-peared to be no limit to the potential of this technologicalmarvel. Tesla discovered a fact which later developed into alater regime of thought. He found to his amazement that Sin-gle connections from impulse transmitter to ground producedgreatly intensified responses in his distant appliances. Thisprinciple was applied to the appliances as well, resulting in anunprecedented increase in their overall performance. The Sin-gleground connection suddenly produced new and anomalousefficiencies in the system, an extraordinary excess of energywhich his impulse transmitter was providing. Tesla was fa-miliar with the natural growth process of retheric streams, butwhy would ground connections so magnify the brilliance oflamps and the output of motors in this way?

This observation stimulated perplexing thoughts. How wasretheric energy, a supposed aerial dynamic, tunneling throughthe ground? Why were the magnification effects noticed whenhis appliances were ground connected? What self-magnifyingcapabilities were possibly stimulated when operating in con-junction with the ground connection? Was the earth itself avast reservoir of æther gas? Furthermore, in what conditionwas this gas. was it under pres? sure? The phenomenon stim-ulated a revolution in his mind. For in this, Tesla perceived anunexpected power source.

IX. ÆTHERIC CURRENT

The key to producing all eethenc action was to secure ameans for actually effecting retheric deviations, the very thingnow possessed by Tesla alone. Sir Oliver Lodge stated thatthe only means for ”getting at the æther” was ”an electricalmeans”, but not one member of the Royal Society had beenable to achieve this feat with the rare exception of Sir WilliamCrookes. The Tesla method used æther to modify æther! The

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secret was separating the contaminants from the æther currentat the very source of generation, a feat which he had achievedin his Transformers. But how? How, with the apparatus madeavailable to him through his creative abilities, did he achievewhat military groups today cannot?

Tesla used the violence of magnetically disrupted arc dis-charges to chaoticize electronic and ætheric carriers in metalconductors. Breaktog the agglomerations which bind them to-gether, each component was free to separate. This conditioncould not be achieved in arc discharges where currents wereallowed to alternate. In such apparatus, the electronic carri-ers overwhelmed the release of æther and, while æther waspresent in the discharge, could never be separated from thecomposite current. This is the fundamental reason why ex-perimenters in England could never reproduce these effects,finally coneluding that Tesla was ”paraphrasing physical re-ality”. Typically understated, the prevailing attitude towardTesla found its real source in an inability among researchers totruly comprehend the elegance of what had been discovered.Thus, although shown these things in repeated demonstrationsby Tesla himself, the inability which prevailed among thesehighly esteemed personages revealed the real source of error.

The Tesla method began with the ”disruptive discharge”.This disruptive discharge was more like an explosive charge,a blast whose effects lasted for a controllable time increment.Successions of these blasts were possible only when sufficientdisruption was maintained. The Tesla magnetic arc disrupterwas the chief tool of this process, a heavy duty discharge de-vice which yet finds its use in military power applications.This gap could be adjusted, and was held apart at a distance ofseveral inches. The large polished spheres were often madeof steel. Other models featured heavy curved horns, oftenbimetallic. With one made of carbon and the other of copper,the bimetallic combination maintained a rectified conditionin the applied current. This effectively blocked any possiblebackrush possibly induced by the capacitor discharge. TeslaOriginally used atmospheric pressure to resist the instanta-neous formation of arcs across the heavy gap space of thiscomponent. He later experimented with various high pres-sures and different gases. Each experiment provided new andunexpected disruption effects.

Victorian researchers such as Sir John Rayleigh discoveredthe truly strange behavior of nitrogen gas when electrified.Tubes filled with nitrogen retained their electrified state for along time after the current source had been removed. Glowingwith a strange peach colored light, many wondered whetherthis might not be a natural ætheric process in action. Teslainvestigated nitrogen gas as an atmosphere for his disrupterbecause it seemed to contain an essential secret. Perhaps itwould release a more uncontaminated ætheric current for hisprimaries. The extraordinary efficiency of the magnetic arcdisrupter in developing ætheric currents derived from severalprinciples. Tesla saw that electrical current was really a com-plex combination of æther and electrons. When electricitywas applied to the disrupter a primary fractioning processtook place. Electrons were forcibly expelled from the gapby the strong magnetic influence. The æther streams, neu-tral in charge, remained flowing through the circuit however.

The magnetic disrupter was his primary means for fractional-ing the electrons from the æther particles. In his later devel-opments, Tesla described arc radiopower devices which em-ployed pure nitrogen plasmas. Electrified with the power ofa high voltage DC generator, these magnetic ducted devicesfired explosive blasts of nitrogen plasma To this day, no vac-uum tube radiogenerator can ever approach the pure powerobtained through such high powered nitrogen arc disrupters.Applying this kind of ”blast” to circuitry produced a host ofunexpected effects. When the blast was applied to thick cop-per strapping, stray electrons were apparently thrust out of thecurrent flow. These plasma blasts often leaped up to a heightof twenty feet, a violent and totally unexpected response. Insome cases this disrupter produced bluewhite lightning likedischarges, an action which proved the expulsion of electroniccurrents from the primary circuit (Lehr). Yet, within the gapcould be seen a dense stream of whitefire; a stream of purifiedæther gas.

There was a reason why nitrogen worked best in this ca-pacity. It was an electron ”absorber”. Electronic charge wasbest absorbed and carried out of the current when nitrogengas was employed. Magnetic thrusting drove the electroniccharge away, the cause of bluish lightning-like bolts, Copperproduced far too much electronic charge, the discharges diffi-cult to restrain. There had to be a material which would passæther without adding electrons through bombardment. Teslafound that the use of carbon was well-suited to this purpose.Carbon proved to have the greatest effect in maintatning a pu-rified æther state in the ”cleansed” streams. Tesla replaced allthe copper with carbon, finding that the unmanageable light-ning bolts were substantially reduced in size. This potent de-vice ulilized two large ball-shaped carbon electrodes whichwere highly polished (Lehr).

Magnetically cleansed of their accompanying electron pop-ulations, TesJa began to discover the phenomena accompany-ing ætheric currents. Here was renewed evidence that electri-cal current was indeed a complex mixture of particles. Oncea well expressed and well endorsed theory, the notion of cur-rent as a complex combination of streaming particles, was notlimited to electrons. In fact, no one knew exactly what electri-cal carriers were. In this lack of definition, many anomaloussuch discoveries ensued; a study absolutely required for thosewho would claim to be qualitative researchers. Furthermore,this view explained all ”action at a distance”. The ”tension”in space between electrostatically charged objects was viewedas a literal streaming flow of æther particles from positive tonegative. The static charges themselves were thought to be”constrictions” through which space flowing æther could beautomatically directed. Electrostatic charge was equated withæther pressures. Electrostatic fields were viewed as rectifiedstreams of æther. The ”dielectric field”, the ”dielectricity” ofwhich so many now speak, was once held to be a streaming ofæther particles among charged bodies. But no one knew howto release that æther stream from the adhesive electron sheathsin which æther remained naturally imprisoned. LUigiGalvanihad intimated the ”atmosphere” or ”aura” of metals when,in 1620, he found that large metal plates could exert power-fully penetrating effects on the heart and respiration, as well

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as induce sleep or Vitality.These effects were greatly magni-fied when grounded or elevated above ground. In these earlydiscoveries, there remained new mysteries.

Being that æther streams flowed do powerfully betweenstrong electrostatic charges, some posited the possibility ofderiving energy from the flow. All attempts however at inter-rupting and sufficiently resisting such directed streams provedhopeless. Æther was very obviously able to be stopped byno natural material! Tesla began to believe that it was only thelack of appropriate materials and systems which prevented thepure use of this momentum stream; a puzzle which baffled Dr.Joseph Henry and Michael Faraday. Because their availablematerials, metals, were capable only of operating on the moregross electrons, technology had been shaped and limited.

Magneto-induction was the result of limits imposed by ex-isting technology. Magneto-induction used electrons and notæther to effect force exchanges. Because electrons were notultimate particles, not the ultimate particles generated in Na-ture, they could not supply an endless source of momentum.These induction devices had to be moved to produce motion!Tesla already saw the directions in which his technology couldmove. The elimination of electrons from æther currents al-ready provided him with uncommon activities. Uncommonat least from the standpoint of pure ”electric” or ”electrical”phenomena, here were effects which could fmd no resolutionin electrical science. This was æther physics, the foundationof an unknown and unexplored realm. Tesla knew that the re-sultant technology from this realm would change the world inmore ways than even he could yet realize.

New and more powerful expressions of this rethertc stream-ing action were produced in his nitrogen supplied magneticdisrupter. The abrupt high voltage discharge applied byhis dynamo managed to first expand the electron-constrictedæther streams beyond their normal cross-section. The nascentelectrons were made to pass in a burst through a magneticfield, to which they powerfully responded. Æther is neu-tral. Tesla saw that electrical currents were actually streamsof æther and its surrounding ”twist” of electrons. In this re-gards, the chief attribute of nitrogen in the magnetic disrupterseemed to be the absorption and removal of electrons from thestream. It was obvious that this system effectively and force-fully separated electrons from the neutral esther particles in-herent in the dynamo-supplied current Once the æther streamhad been cleared of its too constricting electronic envelope, itcould flow freely. The current remaining in the disrupter wasa purified ætheric stream. It was this stream which was visi-ble, flowing a bright silver-white light between the electrodes.Thts stream continued flowing through the thick copper strap.Bursts of æther were thus applied to any object within thecopper strap, an exposure which produced uncommon effects.Tesla sought the elimination of copper from his transformers.Tesla designed a hollow tubular glass Transformer which wasto utilize a special gas medium in place of the copper wire.Tesla believed that this design would produce the most pu-rified ætheric streams imaginable. The elimination of copperwould prevent any subsequent electronic manufacture capableof contaminating his magnetically purified æther streams. Itis in fact probable that he did experiment with these designs.

The magnetic nitrogen gas disrupter was developed wellbeyond even this stage. Until well into the 1930′s, Teslacontinued to speak of the device capable of producing intenserays. It was an open ended tube, one which surrounded anelectrified terminal with a streaming jet of ”suitable fluid”.Through such means, Tesla claimed the release of collimatedrays having ”transcendent intensity”. Tesla therefore appro-priated means by which electrons were eliminated from cur-rents, while eethenc components were accelerated and re-leased. Tesla was no longer working with ”electricity”. Teslaworked with æther currents. New and startling effects couldbe obtained when once the separation process, the fractioningprocess, had been engaged. Tesla found that æther streams,though harmless to the body, were often devastating for moremetallic things. Passage through various kinds of matter al-ways produced new and strange effects. To illustrate the factthat these currents were not electrical, not some new manifes-tation of electronic current, Tesla often publicly performed avery strange demonstration. He grasped the upper terminal ofone of his large Transformers with one hand, while in the otherhand holding a thick metal bar. lEther current flowed throughcarbonaceous and watery media without harm. Nevertheless,Tesla dramatically proved the strange bombarding power ofthese non-electronic currents as the metal in his hand eithermelted or exploded. The reaction of materials was entirelydue to the bombardment effect of æther on the matter. Butmatter alone was not the only variable which could effect newætheric phenomena. Geometries also shaped the phenomena.

Highly segmented geometries fractioned electronic chargefrom æther by resisting and blocking the electrons normallyconstrained to move through the wire length. Blocked bythe high resistant because of impulsive applications of cur-rent, æther was free to surge over the segments fluidically.Tesla now saw that the ability of æther to pass over segmentedmetallic surfaces, such as his helical and spiral Transform-ers, was only a fortuitous attribute. It was accidental that heobserved this phenomenon at all. But Tesla found numerousother attributes of this energetic stream, attributes which man-ifested themselves only when æther interacted with certainmaterials and laboratory components. All important to theseresponses of æther, among the symmetries of metals and in-sulators, was the impulse duration applied in generating thestream. It was the brevity of each impulse in the projectedtrain which stimulated each response. A’:theric streams couldbe projected in extremely parallel paths by solid sheets of pol-ished metal. Concave mirrors focussed the streams. Coneshaped hoods focussed the streams. Placing gas filled spheresin copper cylinders produced potent and directed rays. Teslainvestigated the various aspects of rays which his transmittersnow projected with great interest. His radiant system was likeno other. This projective radiance bore all the characteristicsof light, yet was invisible. Tesla called these manifestations”dark rays” and ”dark light”. He found that they could be re-flected when both their impulse rate was a specific interval,and when appropriate metal surfaces were intercepted. Teslaobserved that shadowgraphs could be made by his beam pro-jectors when intercepted by photographic films. He acciden-tally discovered the effect while using light from his beam pro-

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jectors to photograph himself and several friends. The devel-oped image was one which revealed far more than the portraititself. Tesla found that ”dark rays” could pass through walls,producing images on fluorescent screens. The effects werenot X-Rays, being reflected from thick metal walls. With theSimple first such projectors, Nikola Tesla found it possible towirelessly illuminate lamps at great distances, push objects,charge objects, and bum holes through objects. In short, anyamount of power could be delivered along the bearnray chan-nels.

In this we glimpse subatomic particle streams not com-pletely electronic in nature. The abrupt disruption of currentstimulates an energetic release, the result of violence done tomatter. Tesla found it possible to focus and beam these rays,effects which many have sought to reproduce. But despitethe repeated failure of academes and well-intentioned experi-menters to reproduce these effects, one individual dominatesthe scene. In these most important demonstrations, vindica-tions of Teslian Technology, it must be mentioned that EricDollard successfully reproduced several of these effects andmade the results available in a series of videocassettes. Inthese, Mr. Dollard demonstrates the charging of capacitorsby the radiant emission of impulse-supplied vacuum lamps.This charging action occurred across a small space betweenthe side of these lamps and the blunt face of a high voltage ca-pacitor. This anomalous feat was also followed by a remark-able demonstration of massrepulsion, and another of mass-attraction. In addition, while using gaseous projector tubes asTesla prescribes, Mr. Dollard demonstrated the transmissionof pulsating æther across the laboratory, with the subsequentabsorption and conversion of the same into a measurable cur-rent.

Tesla discussed the possibility of beaming energy directlyinto the night sky, causing the very air to fluoresce. In suchdiscussions, he suggested that night illumination of the skycould be used by ocean going vessels as a feature of safety.In connection with these topics, he stimulated much excitingthought on the notion that energy could be obtained from thesky, once a ”world system” of beamray transmitters was es-tablished. No doubt, those whose fortunes relied on fuel andpowerlines did not appreciate these candid tafks. It was wellappreciated that Tesla could achieve the seemingly impossiblethings of which he so openly spoke.

X. RADIANT ENERGY

All of these empirical discoveries brought Tesla into thefascinating examination of æther stream behavior in matter in1891. Æther behaved in strange ways when forced to tunnelthrough metals, gases, stone, glasses, jewels. In its fundamen-tal principles, Teslian Technology involves impact and forceexchange. In methodic succession, Tesla found which met-als and organic substances ætheric streams penetrate withoutresistance. He also determined which materials offered con-siderable resistance to the streams, a valuable piece of infor-mation. The fact that æther streams could be substantiallydeformed in passing through certain such materials indicated

the degree to which such materials were internally arranged.When æther streams were compelled to flow through givenmetals, usually good electrical conductors such as silver andcopper, the particulate impacts released new species. Theseoften appeared as darting sparks of various colorations, con-taminating the pure ætheric flow. Æther particles were ex-tremely mobile, virtually massless when compared with elec-trons, and could therefore pass through matter with very littleeffort. Electrons could not ”keep up” with either the veloc-ity or the permeability of ætheric particles. According to thisview, æther particles were infinitesimals, very much smallerthan electrons themselves.

The ætheric carriers contained momentum. Their extremevelocity matched their nearly massless nature, the product ofboth becoming a sizable quantity. They moved with superlu-minal velocity, a result of their incompressible and masslessnature. Whenever a directed radiant matter impulse begtnsfrom some point in space, an incompressible movement oc-curs instantly through space to all points along that path. Suchmovement occurs as a solid ray, an action defying modernconsiderations of Signal retardations in space. Incompress-ible raylines can move through any distance instantly. Shouldthe path be 300,001 kilometers long, the impulse at the sourceend will each that point as quickly as at all other points. Thisis superluminal velocity. Radiant matter behaved incompress-ibly. In effect, this stream of radiant matter, virtually mass-less and hydrodynamically incompressible, was a pure en-ergy! Radiant Energy. In addition to this inherent momentum,æther streams would actually interact with matter only withthe proper conductive materials were stressed with the properimpulse intervals. This understanding provided an essentialclue to the real nature of matter and energy, a foundationwhich was empirically pioneered by Tesla and theoreticallydeveloped by Dr. Gustav Le Bon. The interchange of energyinto matter and matter into energy presupposed a fundamental”matenum”. Victorians considered the ætheric gases to be thismaterium. One could theoretically pass a concentrated ætherstream through any material and produce new elements andenergetic emanations. These transitions occurred as a contin-uum which lacked any fixed ”stations” of mass or of energy.For Victorians, the progressive passage from matter into en-ergy or from energy to matter did not occur in fixed ”quanta”.Tesla had the first experimental evidence that this was indeedpossible. His statements concerning material generation andtransmutation were perceived as ravings.

Opinions be damned. Superior technology affords a veryfew researchers with access to deeper than conventional real-ities. Nature reveals levels which form the infrastructure tothings observable through available scientific means. Deeperinfrastructures require a succession of superior technologies,the gantries of Nature being thus reveled to equipped humanexplorers. Regardless of opinion, Tesla found all to numerousfacts which later contradicted the emerging science of quan-tum physics, Despite its promoted openness to skeptical anal-ysis, academic science has always demonstrated its unfortu-nate tendency to universalize every theory which offers someexplanation for a part of natural phenomena. In thts we per-ceive an essential and knowledge-devastating flaw. Enlarging

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the microscopic issues to encompass the whole is worse thana tragic myopic lapse. In the bold face of plenliferous naturalcontradictions, it is laughable evidence of stubborn pride atacademic levels supposedly incapable of exercising such basehuman sentiments. All too flawed and all too human. Be sureof this, Nature cannot be codified in the simplistic dynam-ics of moving matter and energetic exchanges. Nature is farmore integrated and articulate, endowed with potentials notnow thought scientific.

Indeed in the ætheric continuum, there are none of thegraphic details concerning quanta. There are no structuredlevels, no quanta, in which ætheric energy is constrained.Quantum physics applies to a very specific realm of ener-getic transactions, one whose properties are entirely boundup in considerations of inertia. The physics of the æthericcontinuum knows no such limitations, details, or rigorous fix-tures. Incompressible, infinitesimal in cross sections, æthergases permeate matter. Tesla stated that all kinetic energy wasultimately traceable directly back to the ætheric atmosphere.Ætheric movements provoke the ”inertia” in Nature. In ex-ploring the ultra-gaseous ætheric medium, Tesla produced amethod for bombarding various materials wtth intensely con-centrated ætheric streams. This first began with his search fora superior ætheric lamp, one which required only an æthertcsupply to produce an intense brilliance.

Supported on a single lead wire, these bulbs produced then-unheard effects. Tesla placed jewels, light metals, heavy met-als, non-metals, and radioactive materials in these globes. Heimmersed these materials in various gaseous atmospheres. Hefinally tried hard vacuum. Æther streams exploded throughthe various crystalline laltices placed atop the Single elec-trode. Each unidirectional impulse passed directly throughthe material and out into surrounding space. Electrode malierwas Simply evaporated, converted to æther and other parti-cles. The hardest, most refractory materials Simply vanishedaway after several seconds of this treatment. Tesla said thatimpulses acted as tiny ”hammers”, passing from within thesubstance itself out to space. Here was proof that æther wasconverting mailer into pure energy. Tesla noted that the radi-ant expulsions actually passed through the globes. In manycases they left only a faint metallic stain. Soon, continuedexposure to the æther streams drove even these stains away.

Radiant Energy was not thermionic emission, as othershave tried to rationalize the phenomenon. Thermionic elec-trons do not pass through glass envelopes of the thicknessTesla employed. Here was a distinct phenomenon, one whichdid not in fact manifest with other than impulse applications.Tesla alternately called these pure eethenc expulsions ”radi-ant mailer” and ”radiant energy”. Neutral in charge and in-finitesimal in both mass and cross-section, Radiant Energywas unlike any light seen since his work was concluded. Ifasked whether Radiant Energy can be compared with any ex-isting physical item today, one would have to decline. Wecannot draw parallels between Radiant Energy and the lightenergies with which science has long been preoccupied. Butif light-like at all, Radiant Energy is possessed of qualities un-like any light which we have learned to generate. And this isprecisely the problem. Tesla Technology is Impulse Technol-

ogy. Without the disruptive, unidirectional IMPULSE, thereare no Radiant Energy effects. Generating this Radiant En-ergy requires special energetic applications, applications ofsuccinct and brief impulses. These impulses must be gener-ated through the explosive agency of a disruptive dischargejust as Tesla prescribed.

The problem Tesla faced in obtaining purified Radiant En-ergy currents was found to be the very conductive mediawhich he was forced to use as conductors. Materials appro-priate to the release of contaminant-free emanations could nolonger be the familiar copper or even silver. Conductors nowwere necessartly the very light metals. For this purpose, Teslarelied on metals such as magnesium, aluminum, and evenberyllium. With these metals as conductors, electrodes, tar-gets, and windows, Tesla produced a series of long vacuumtubes. Made specifically for beaming ætheric streams, eachof these bearnray tubes employed a single concave electrodein one end. In many cases there was a thin metallic window,usually aluminum or beryllium, at the opposite end. The largeand heavy-walled glass tube was encased in a lead shield toprotect the operator from inadvertent dangerous emissions.When activated by the disrupter, an intensely focussed æthericstream was projected from the free end. This beam took theform of a tight thready ray. Tesla had initial difficulty insu-lating the applications end of this bearnray tube. Preventingthe wild arcing of supply line energy was problematic, pre-mature æther discharges often darting around the tube ratherthan flowing through it This problem was solved by enclosingthe tube with a second glass jacket, and pumping mineral otlthrough the outer sleeve.

The pressure within these bulbs became anomalous andhigh. Despite the hard vacuum which Tesla had first provided,these bulbs often exploded. In certain modern reproductionsof these experiments, conducted by the renown Eric Dollard,vacuum bulbs so activated actually ruptured in tiny holes,and yet continued to produce their ”vacuum” e1ischarges!Mr.Dollard and the witnesses of these experiments reported hear-ing a hissing issuance which emerged from the glass ruptureholes. Once the activating energy was removed, the globessimply imploded. Here is evidence of a radiant material emis-sion, whose powerful streams exert great pressure.

XI. BEAMRAYS

Tesla found that these globe-expelled streams manifestedstrange effects beyond the glass containers. He was able tocharge capacitors to dangerous charge levels at great distancesby focussing the light from these globes. Their light was elec-trified! In bombardments, æther e1idmore than eject quanta.In this special light, Tesla saw that æther streams were manu-facturing electrons and other detritus. This provoked his studyof quanta, particles which he considered tightly constrictedstreams of æther, Deformed by material passage into ultra-microscopic foci, Tesla believed that particles could be ”un-done” by appropriate means. This would release the rethericcontents, an insignificant amount of energy per particle. Thestability of particulate matter depended only upon the fixed

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movements of æther particles in their constricted raclii. Par-ticulate charges, charge carriers themselves, demonstrated aremarkable consistency in either projecting or absorbing ætherstreams. In tltis phenomenon, Tesla perceived an ultimateæther energy source. In his later years, he would seek meansto release a purified ætheric energy.

Tesla experimented with ruby, zirconia, diamond, sapphire,carborundum, each producing a brilliant light until disintegra-tion. He Simply could not find a refractory material whichcould withstand the passage of tltis raeliant flux without va-porizing. The lamps which Tesla finally succeeded in develop-ing, carbon button vacuum globes, e1idnot require an ”amper-age”. These lamps gave off intensely brilliant light approach-ing the intensity and quality of true sun- shine. The reasonfor his reliance on carbon was truly intriguing. Used in latterstages of his Transformers, metals could become deadly pro-ducers of electron dartlets, ætheric bombardments manufac-tured electrons in copper terminals. These contaminated theotherwise smooth and harmless æther streams. Tesla soughta material whose response to æther bombardment would notresult in the introduction of electrons or any other free ioniccharge.

Carbon performed well in permitting a smooth and un-hindered flow of æther, one which remained essentially un-changed. In fact, it was with his carbon button lamps thatTesla made some of the greatest strides in æther technology(see figure).

Forms and phases of the rotating brush.

The streams proceeding from within these lamps could beso adjusted, by means of an adjusted rapidity in the impulserate, so as to appear rainbow colored, flame-like, brush-like,or intensely white. These descriptions are not to be taken asthe common varieties of brush or flame discharges. Indeed,ordinary electrical flame discharges require DC or low fre-quency alternations. True Tesla flame-like discharges requirehighest impulse rates. Experiments have successfully dupli-cated these effects, the result of work accomplished nearly

a decade ago by Eric Dollard. The flimmering streams arelike no other electrical discharge ever produced by familiarmeans. When properly adjusted, these discharges closely ap-proximate the true appearance of the aurora borealis. Theircolorations change unpredictably from second to second, aphenomenon not observed with ordinary electrical discharges.But at special impulse rates, these white discharges disap-pear, and a ”dark light” emanation is powerfully produced:a ”very special radiation”. It is neutral, penetrating, and not ofa species identified with Ultraviolet, X-Ray, or Gamma Ray,or neutron streams.

By 1893, Tesla had designed and operated signalling sys-tems which used such globes to flash telegraphic signalsacross space without apparent loss to their receivers. Theseeethenc Signalling systems required no amplifiers, being pow-erful and static-free. From his South Fifth Avenue Laboratory,Tesla had already been sending loud æther ray signals up anddown the Hudson River for years with little more than smallball antennas. He was the first to develop radio circuits andcomponents. Tesla discovered that substances such as sele-nium behaved as soft receptors of eethenc energies. Poised insolid copper cones, uncharacteristic of even shortwave radioSignalling systems, Tesla demonstrated both broadcast anddirected beam signalling apparatus. Boxed in beautiful ma-hogany with brass trims, his æthertc Signalling system wascompact and powerful. Tesla found that very low powered ra-diant lamp transmitters had effect on the ætherlc atmosphereof the earth. Modulating this dynamic æther envelope ef-fected very ”long range communications in excess of the nor-mal line-of-sight limitations. These developments came sev-eral years before Marconi ever appeared on the scene with hisconcoction of plagiarized equipment. The Tesla Radio Systemused potent ætheric streams, not weak waves. Tesla illustratedthis fact in later years, when Marconi wave radio began evi-dencing all of its inefficiencies and failed potentials.

Tesla Radio did not operate in the electrical wave contin-uum, nor was it reliant on waves. Tesla Radio operated inthe ætheric atmosphere, and utilized ”dark light rays” of realforce. A’:theric rays, thin thready ætheric streams, exceededthe power and penetrability of waves by an incalculable de-gree. Tesla Radio receiving circuitry used the power in thetransmitted radiance to power the little compact receiving sta-tions, an unlikely possibility with weak wave radio. Teslasoon adopted these systems for telephonic modes of opera-tion. An onboard battery was provided for the transmit circuitof his portable radios. These power requirements were indeedminimal, a marvel for those who very later on were compelledby court action to examine the contents ofTesla Radios. Powerwas provided by a mere dry cell or at most, a very small stor-age battery.

When examined closely by court officers years later, hispatents in these regards often raised dubious expressions inthe faces of his unenlightened critics. In both size and ef-fectiveness, their transmissions were exceedingly powerful,an anomalous condition by all existing standards of the day.Those who knew nothing of the power inherent in æthericstreams could not conceive of a passive receiving systemwhich claimed to exchange telephonic signals without exces-

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sive componentry, or an active transmitting circuit which usedsuch little power to reach the claimed great distances. Buthis curiosity did not stop with this success. Later vacuumtubes were tremendously modified and arranged so that ætherstreams would impinge upon special targets. Some of thesetubes poised the targets entirely within the tube. Others placedthe materials at one end of the tubes, windows through whichstreamed æther and detrital components.

Researcher and author Jorge Resines has obtained informa-tion on the various remarkable tubes which Tesla producedthroughout these years, an astounding collection. In a recentpublication, Mr. Resines produced drawings of these, a re-markable assortment resembling modern military radiopowertubes. Teslamade extensive use of uranium, thorium, and ra-dium as targets. It is probable that Tesla began his researchin compact æther power generators when these latter varietieswere employed. Tesla found that the heavier metals producedan amazing variety of contaminating particulate emissions. Itwas the resistance of elements and other materials which pro-duced so many well known, and other new energetic specieswhen bombarded by eethenc streams. Academes who limitedthemselves to catalogues of fixed photon and particle specieswere not observing the most fundamental dynamics, content-ing themselves only with the by-products produced in resis-tive interactions with æthertc streams. If the electron-richemissions from his original copper sphere terminals were life-hazardous discharges, the emissions from these tubes were farmore dangerous.

Tesla discovered the varieties of energetic species emergingfrom the target windows long before Roentgen announced thediscovery of X-rays. Tesla had already catalogued the exis-tence of these and other æther-contarntnattng emissions. Hisconception of radioactivity included the notion that ”space im-pinging” æther streams were bombarding matter of appropri-ate atomic cross-section. Those densely packed lattices, capa-ble of intercepting and diffracting incoming æther, manifesteda continual outward expulsion of particles and energetic emis-sions. It was from experimental examples such as these thatTesla drew analogues, explaining natural radioactivity. Be-sides citing the large nuclear cross-section of heavy atomsand their usual radioactivity, Tesla also believed that specialatomic symmetries could diffract or deflect incoming ætherstreams sufficiently enough to produce radioactive emissionsin lighter metals. The projected æther streams could be di-rected through very long distances without the slightest sign ofdivergence. They were intensely powerful. Indeed these raysseemed to self-constrict, a nature unknown in the electromag-netic spectrum. Soon Tesla began examining the possibilityof beaming esther streams between special towers, a power-line analogue which substituted æther beams for powerlines.In this manner, power would not be wasted away in all direc-tions as he had Originally planned to do. Now, a much im-proved system would permit the conservation and concentra-tion of æther energy along tight thready beams. Power couldbe distributed to neighborhoods from such central tower re-ceivers along horizontal radii to consumers. The entire dis-tribution system resembled a neurological network. Beamedfrom tower to tower throughout the countryside, æthernic en-

ergy streams from central stations could thus be distributedeverywhere without substantial loss (see figure).

The ætheric beams had other, more deliberate applications,which startled Tesla and all those who witnessed his many ex-periments. These beams could be focussed to a tiny pinpointand directed into metals. The streams simply sprayed overthe surfaces. But when the impulse durations were carefullyadjusted, the spray became a needle which easily pierced theplate. In this permeating stream of force, metal plates Simplymelted. In some cases they exploded. Tesla found it possi-ble to bum diamond with such pinpoints of force. Indeed bysuch results, his concept of ”force” had been completely rev-olutionized. What he had both observed and learned in theseissues were cunningly preserved by him in numerous pressinterviews. His pre-planned statements had as their intentiona provocation of the deepest kind. Toward whom were theseprincipally aimed? Toward all those who, while not interestedor excited enough about his findings to learn more, yet main-tained their distant and aloof luxury of criticism and slander.Only one person maintained the closest and almost fatherlybond with him throughout these years. That person was SirWilliam Crookes, Tesla’s hero and mentor. Their continuousand sincere correspondence remained one of the only sourcesof human solace upon which Tesla could both seek and rely.

While experimenting with his vacuum globes, Tesla ob-served the linearity of the expelled streams. When projectedfrom small spherical electrodes, these eethenc rays travelledin sharp radii from the center. So infinitesimal were the car-riers of this ætheric stream that they were able to reveal theinner atomic lattice of crystalline matter. Small crystals ofmetal or gemstones produced characteristic point patterns on

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the surface of the globes. It was apparent that æther particles,the neutral sub-electronic particles that Tesla termed ”Radi-ant Energy”, actually passed through the material which werepoised on the electrodes ”from the inside out”. That is, theypassed through the atomic lattices of those materials and, in sodoing, carried information in the stream. What sort of infor-mation? Nuclei diffracted these infinitesimals on their rapidjourneys up through the electrode nuclei. In doing so, theirotherwise uniform density was deformed. That the particlesof this Radiant Energy could pass through the atomic latticesat all gave proof that these were neutral particles. For Tesla,thy were the result of extreme bombardments, where matteris absolutely sheared beyond its subatomic conditions. Tesla,along with Dr. Le Bon, adhered to the notion that a smoothtransition existed between energy and matter. A whole spec-trum of materializations could therefore exist when appropri-ate bombarding matter was secured. Tesla believed he hadfound the most powerful agency for such bombardments, anagency released only through the explosive successions of hisTransformer.

XII. TELEVISION

Because these streams could carry such detailed infor-mation, Tesla began to imagine a means for transmittingvisual information, The additional characteristic by whichæther streams maiolained their strict rectilinear paths in tran-sit, stimulated Tesla to hypothesize that broad æther streamscould carry pictorial imagery. Projected from broad plates,and forming densely ”parallel” streams, such a system couldcarry images to any distance. Potent and penetrating, eethencrays provided a new kind of light for an equally new kindof communications system. Tesla stated that whole imagescould be projected through such invisible radiant matter rays.Such a visual exchange system would be as Simple as a slideprojector, though obviously more potent. In this, Tesla earlyconceived of a television system which, yet today, remainsrevolutionary.

Striking in its analogue to the ”magick lanterns” of the Vic-torian Epoch, Tesla produced a design lacking the complexscanning mechanisms which plagued all later picture trans-mission systems. Invisibly travelling through walls, æthericstreams could be captured and resolved by using special sen-sitive plates, on which live images could be focussed. Im-age loaded ætheric streams would be projected from cen-tral broadcast stations at impulse rates which would Simplypass through all material obstacles. Invisible in their transitthrough intervening spaces, such whole image transmission-scould be received and translated back into visibility throughthe imposition of special phosphor-coated plates. Imageswould travel through space as a whole block. These imagescould be beamed directly from source to receiver. Signalswould be strong, requiring no amplification or additional en-ergy supply. Signals would be noise free, the dense æthericcontinuum being completely different that the harsh electro-magnetic continuum. Dark light projection through walls!

Tesla described a means by which several such Signals

could be superimposed without mutual interference. A Sim-ple tuning mechanism in the receiver would select the imagesdesired. Tesla related that such superimposition could accom-modate thousands of simultaneous signals, thousands of chan-nels. Whole image transmission of extreme defmition, with-out a scanning mechanism, was made possible by the æthericstream. It would be years later, in 1917, that Tesla describeda modification of this system of whole image television. In asubsequent interview, Tesla described a system by which dis-tant objects could be whole-imaged. His design incorporatedall of the components planned for his commercial televisionsystem. His modified system was a remote-locating device.Again lacking the complexity of scanning systems and otherheavy support components, any ship equipped with his fluo-rescent screens could ”image” a distant ship or submarine byprojecting a ray beam through air, fog, rain, or even water.The rays were unstoppable, being reflected whenever they in-tercepted a metalJic hood or hull.

Tesla’s shipbome bearnray projector would pulse æthericstreams, of very specific intervals, out across a horizontalplane. Tesla stated that this ”electric ray”, when encounter-ing any obstacle, would be reflected back to the source point.Here, the otherwise invisible beam would be visually resolvedby the same special phosphor-coated plates as planned for thecommercial television system. In this announcement, Teslaleaked a secret concerning the essential nature of his ætherbeamrays. Apparently, through the application of very spe-cific impulses at the source, æther streams could actually bereflected from matter. The Tesla range-locator, a system de-signed to spot submarines or battleships alike, was simple,potent, failproof, and effective. Here again, Tesla made use of

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the extreme defmition provided through the beamed projec-tion of ultrainfinitesimal ”Radiant Energy”. Here again wasevidence that neutral Radiant Energy could be made to inter-act with matter Simply by varying the pulsed projection inter-val. The military was not interested at the time.

XIII. ÆTHER DRIFT

Once initiated and maintained, the space flowing currentsfrom a beamray tube could not be extinguished. Difficult atfirst to believe, but the æther currents from such devices fora time continued. Tesla found it possible to produce longlasting currents which persisted throughout his laboratory anddemonstration spaces. tJ1 he needed to do was tum on a beam-ray tube to stimulate the space flow. Tesla found that the re-moval of æther currents from a space in which they had beendirected, was not easy. No, æther currents were not easily ex-tingutshed. Radiant Energy did not behave as all other famil-iar energy forms. Here were artificial ”rether drifts”, a topicwhich represented a deep mystery. Momentum. The momen-tum of æther currents was sufficient to maintain their continu-ous passage through any space for a time. An initiatory periodwas required to establish the current lEther responded to pres-sure changes. Any strong currents in the æther would gatherother energy from the surrounding ætheric aimosphere. Oncestarted, these would continue for an hour or more.

Tesla demonstrated this principle of action. Lamps re-mained brightly lit long after power had been withdrawn.When merely placed in the paths where tether currents hadbeen directed, lamps could be reignited. This condition per-sisted for several minutes, evidence that æther currents keptflowing long after the beamray tube was extinguished. Teslavery casually mentioned this fact when describing a processby which he could ”obtain energy for hours” after his impulsetransmitters were disconnected. Tesla described this ”ionized”condition in the ambient medium. He also described the na-ture of strange discharges obtained from organic materials.Clothes, hair, and wooden objects produced soft white, gos-samer sparks for an equivalent hour or more. These were long,very clingy, and thready. Strange gossamer! Such dischargesdo not sound familiar. They are certainly not electrical phe-nomena, being the very obvious result of an intense bombard-ment in a far deeper natural realm of energy, From any electri-cal vantage alone, all of these phenomena sounded absolutelyridiculous and overdone, the ”poetic” fabrications of a mad-man, In addition, Tesla found that space-traversing currentsgained extra power from the surrounding ætheric supply. Thisextra supply was pulled into the current channel, guided onlyby its own momentum, This was why æther power did not di-minish as other energetic manifestations, æther, possessed ofmomentum, did not suffer from frictional losses either. Ætherbeams remained rigidly fixed in their position, flowing on andon until the gradual diminution process finally brings them toa halt. An experimenter, Mr. Gregory Hodowanec, has con-ducted experiments in this fascinating field. He has success-fully corroborated these claims of Tesla, showing in a most re-markable and Simple manner that any impulse, movement, or

stimulation in the ætheric atmosphere ”continues to flow” inplace for hours at a time. Along with the gravitic waves withwhich he is principally concerned, Mr. Hodowanec employscapacitors to detect ætheric impulses in space. Most remark-ably, he has extended the science of rether into an explorationof gravitation.

Quite obviously, Tesla Transformers were able to stim-ulate strong flow lines in the ætheric atmosphere, Thesesurged through his special vacuum tubes along any directionin which they were aimed, He found himself, like his men-tor Sir William Crookes, searching through laboratory spacefor evidence of atmospheric æther drifts, Sir William had pre-dicted that ”ectoplasmic disturbances” in the ætheric contin-uum might be detected with special high vacuum dischargeglobes of his own early design, Used as a scrytng telescopefor peering into the spectral world, he had hoped that it wouldreveal a new dimension, Toward this and other ends, Dr,Crookes continually made tests with his large globular dis-charge devices, carefully unpacking them from their specialvelvet-lines boxes in old English estates, There in large dark-ened rooms, while peering into the mirrored concave elec-trodes covered over in white fltmmertng radiance, the whimsi-cal bespectacled man with the twinkling smile eagerly soughtghosts,

Another ”detail” which Tesla discovered dealt with the”pliant” nature of the æther. When appropriately stimulatedby his methods, æther could be made to execute strangeconvolutions. JEther was incredibly responsive to pressurechanges anywhere along its path, The slightest effective exer-tion on such a stream produced an instantaneous correspond-ing movement throughout the whole flow, JEtheric streamsbehaved in a ”stiff” way, much like high pressure jets of wa-ter fired through pinholes, They were not always visible intransit, producing a white streaming light only near the pointof their departure from his special high vacuum tubes, Thesebeams were not composed of electrons, X-Rays, or GammaRays. Once released and directed ætheric beams did not di-verge or bend unless striking into appropriate materials, Teslaforever maintained that natural radioactivity was the weak by-product of a powerful, but unmeasurable dielectric flux whosesource was space æther. Focussing into dense nuclei, ætherwas diverted and blocked. This concentrated bombardmentproduced particulate and photonic emanations through ”spal-lation”, divergent energetic impacts between particles. But us-ing dielectric energy would be using the very source of theseradioactive manifestations. It was curious that æther, beingthe far greater power source, was so very soft in its naturalstate. One could stand exposed to an æther stream and neverbecome ill. Tesla found to his delight that æther streams ofspecific impulse were beneficial, and exposed himself to theirstreams daily for periods of an hour or more as desired. Teslainferred that æther particles passed through the body as if itwere transparent. The only time they interacted was whenthe pulsations were such that physiology began to pulsate inrhythmic successions with the incoming æther pulses. In hisuse of ætheric streams, Tesla found a remarkable resultant el-evation in both sensation and consciousness. Ideas seemed toemerge and visions clarify during these exposures. Interac-

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tions of bio-organic matter with æther pulsations became thesource of vitalizing influences. lEther was neutral, and did notionize matter unless focussed and delivered as a short durationimpulse train.

Tesla learned that he could actually impress an æthericstream with changes from the reception site, a true anomaly.Æther was so responsive to manipulations from the receivedend of a stream that cascade reactions would quickly spreadalong the stream back to its source. Thus, a receiver couldliterally force the æther source to feed it wherever it moved!This was the result of pressure laws, superluminal speeds, andætheric density. Any rarefaction in the æther flow would in-stantly tug æther into the lower pressure volume. lEther re-sponses occurred with superlurninal velocity, conditions be-ing established and strengthened after a small such manipu-lation of the flow. Tesla saw that he could literally ”shape”the æther flow within certain degrees of freedom. Most en-gineers Simply failed to comprehend how anyone could exerta powerful such effect on a gaseous atmosphere which wassupposedly inaccessible! Additionally, bearns of æther ac-quired extra power in transit across any long space, an essen-tial anomaly. This is why bearnrays of Radiant Energy neverweakened after being projected for long distances. This wasan unheard condition, where otherwise ”lost energy” main-tains and gathers strength after being expended across space.Obviously, Radiant Energy was finding a mysterious ener-getic supply while in transit. None of the expectable energylaws of natural diminution applied to Radiant Energy. Thiswas because the æther was everpresent, a ready and undimin-ished supply of energy. Æther was a gaseous radiance, ofteninvisible to the eye, but a powerful pressure source. Alongwith several colleagues of the day, Tesla firmly ascribed to theætheric theory of gravitation. Gravitation was evidence thata groundward ætheric pressure was at work, permeating massand producing fixed relationships of attraction with respect tothe earth proper. The apparent constant acceleration of dif-ferent falling masses was accordingly calculated as a functionof density and cross-section. Theoretically, the concept re-mains a curiously flawless explanation of gravitation. Perhapsthe recent scientific world too much resembles the world of”pop” art and music, where fickle fads and novelties are moreimportant than expressions of excellence.

It seemed confirmed that æther, Radiant Energy, was indeedpossessed of strange responses to external action. It actuallyinteracted with receivers of its penetrating force. If allowedto strike distant targets for example, a strange transformationin the otherwise straight path lines could take place. Beamswould become tightly constricted at the target, self-focussingthemselves into the material. But subsequent movements intargeted matter would cause deflections and undulations in theotherwise straight beam. The influence of the recipient, of thetarget, could very often work its way back to the source andforce a deflection! lEther beams were thus extremely sensi-tive, and could ”track” a target (see figure).

Despite every twist or turn, once an æther beam had con-stricted into a material target, there was no escaping it Thesedynamics were later viewed in a series of celebrated illustra-tions which Tesla directed and approved. One sees flying craft

and ocean vessels drawing power from the one of the WorldBroadcast Stations, the bright beam ”tracking” each targetand supplying it with motive power. In this, it was evidentthat æther streams were ruled by pressure principles, and re-sponded to pressure changes instantaneously. But pressures inwhat atmosphere?

Additionally, while it was possible for Tesla to direct suchbeams of æther in any direction, these were not the most pow-erful manifestations of æther flow in the environment. Teslahad indeed found certain very defined natural ætheric drifts,angles along which æther streams seemed to last much, muchlonger than usual. It was as if some additional power hadbeen added to the beamrays which he launched. He observedthe times required for these arliflcial æther currents to gradu-ally fade out. Though initially strong when launched, theireffects did fade eventually. Regardless of their remarkablecontinuance, a persistence due to æthertc pllancy and mo-mentum, æther currents anywhere directed did not continueforever. They evidenced a diminution, and this suggested aninterfering source. Where was it?

Tesla now perceived a much larger vista. He comprehendedthe successful operation of his first Transformers in the ab-sence of formal ground connections. In these modes, Im-pulse Transformers were shunting space sourced æther fromaerial routes through aerial routes. These modes exchangedæther streams largely in a horizontal plane. This now wasnot viewed by Tesla as the most powerful embodiment ofthe system. Complete efficiency, maximum power, was ob-tained only in connection with the ground. This arrangementplaced the apparatus in conformance with natural processes,vast systems whose dominating activities demanded techno-

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logical conformity. Tesla had discovered a system which hadto be geophysical in order to be efficient, a revolutionary con-cept for the day. This notion hailed back to archane knowledgewhich placed technology in subservience to natural process.Unlike the mechanistic science which began with the Eigh-teenth Century, and which challenged Natural Order with asupposed autonomous technology, Tesla had stumbled onto agreat and forgotten truth. Here was a technology which couldtap a virtually eternal natural process.

Many other ætheric drifts were measured. Shifting andwandering, these could be measured with changes in seasonsand weather patterns. Tesla perceived that whorls, eddies,and laminar flow lines revealed a dynamic æther, This wasa theme not widely discussed since Descartes drew his con-ceptual maps of ætheric whirlpools in space. Here then wasnot a Simple and ”homogeneous continuum”, as VictorianScience believed, whose streams smoothly and effortlesslyflowed through the terrestrial environment. Tesla discoveredthe detail which these theories lacked, through the empiricalmethod which so often corrects and finalizes our knowledge.In this quest, he was indebted to his senses, an absolute rel-lance on the Qualitative Method which affirmed the greatersensitivity of human perceptions. Tesla placed first empha-sis always on the inestimable value of perception and the hu-manly valuable knowledge which it so often brought.

XIV. SPACE ÆTHER

He again recalled the light from his vacuum bulbs and theirstrong resemblance to natural sunlight. The mere light fromthese lamps was filled with a component which producedstrong pressure effects and additionally, could charge capac-itors. So complete were the electrostatic states of capacitorscharged in this manner that mica dielectrics often ruptured un-der the strain. Tesla knew that retheric particles, his ”RadiantEnergy”, were being expelled from his Single terminal lamps.This produced the pressures felt on the face when exposed tothe brilliant light. Entering the metallic layers of the capacitor,these æther particles were manufacturing electrons. This whatbrought about the electrostatic strain capable of rupturing thedielectrics. There was no electricity in the æther stream perse, the electricity appeared when resisted by appropriate el-ements. Metals, the good electroconductors, were obviouslysome of these elements.

But sunshine had these attributes as well. Sunlight con-tained an ætheric component, previously described by re-searchers such as Baron Karl von Reichenbach, Gustav LeBon, and George S. White. Metals in sunlight evidencedabsorptions in varieties of response to ætherlc penetrations.Dr. Le Bon spoke of his experiments with metals which hadbeen exposed to focussed sunlight, experiments which pro-duced radio activities far in excess of those produced by ra-dium itself. Indeed, there had been those cases where roofingcopper, after years of exposure to intense sunlight and nat-ural process, became quite radioactive (Lehr). Exposure tosunlight æther produced bombardments capable of transmut-ing elements. Additionally, exposure to sunlight produced the

same pressure effects as observed in his æther-pulsed vacuumlamps. One often sensed that some energetic component wasactually completely penetrating the skin. On the skin surface,academes measured ”infrared” and ”ultraviolet”, the manufac-tured products of æther streams passing through bio-organicmatter.

When Tesla began publishing his thoughts on ætheric par-ticles from space, what he first termed ”cosmic rays”, the aca-demic derision was unbridled and caustic. One of the chiefvoices in this assault on Tesla was one young Robert Mil-likan, who had apparently learned that art of ”creative skepti-cal mockery” to gain favor from his mentors. In later yearswhen academic doldrwns required some new creative turn.Dr. Millikan now claimed credit for having discovered ”cos-mic rays”. Had he bothered to read the articles which Teslahad written, and against which he had so very much to say,Millikan would not have been satisfied with his own so-calleddiscoveries. Tesla stated that true cosmic rays were like Radi-ant Energy, not at all the heavy ions, and gamma rays whichMillikan was detecting. In speaking of the prodigious quanti-ties of rether forcibly expelled by the sun and stars, academesof his day thought him quite mad.

Nevertheless, Tesla continued to teach that these radtantparticles were undetectable by normal means. Those likeMillikan, who succeeded in detecting charged particles fromspace, and not identified these primary radiant particles. Teslastated that the so-called ”cosmic rays” of the conventionallex-icon were tertiary and even quaternary residues, the splatteredby-products of collisions stimulated by Radiant Energy. Heclaimed the means by which he had successfully detectedthese before the turn of the Century. More than this, Testawas now about to harness the ”eternal wheelworks of Nature”,The ætheric volumes which came to the earth from the spacewas an incalculable volume, a power source of eternal con-sequence. It arrived to earth under extreme pressure, a valuewhich Tesla calculated in the range of several ”hundred mil-lion volts”. Tesla stated that the ætheric atmosphere, thoughoften a ”dark light”, floods the earth at all times with its greatpower. Tesla stated that both the geointernal radioactive ele-ments and the native heat of the earth was a direct result ofætheric bombardment from space. Although the sun was adominant source of Radiant Energy, Tesla stated that it wasnot the only supplier of ætheric particles. lEther was expelledfrom all points in interstellar space, a constant supply of nat-ural Radiant Energy. Such energy was released by stellar pro-cesses. Since the sun was a local æther source, it figured inthe total æther supply. The normal space influx was thereforeaugmented during the daytime by the additional solar supply.Bombarding the earth from all directions, Radiant Energy en-tered the earth. Once having passed through the crust, it wassufficiently slowed to lodge deep within the mantle. Afterpassing through these miles of rock, the highly pressured andkinetically energetic esther transferred its prodigious energiesto the deeper material of the earth itself.

Sunlight. Starlight. Space. Radiant Energy. The connec-tions were too direct to be misleading, the concept too directto be erroneous. Here was an inescapable probability await-ing application. Just as his æther stream projectors had power

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to push matter and charge certain metals, so too did sunlighthave this inherent potential. Only a means for fully tappingthis enormous flow prevented humanity from harnessing thetrue and most formidable energy in sunlight. Conceiving ofthe sun, its æther flow, and the earth itself, Tesla recognizedthat a vast ætheric exchange system was here represented.This system was the self-generative natural source from whichenergy could Simply be absorbed and used. No fuel neededever be consumed again. The notion that æther could be re-sisted by certain materials, was new to the theory of æther,Formerly, this theory ascribed unreal characteristics to æther,Tesla now had empirical facts against which to form a real-istic model. Specific matter could deflect ætheric streams.Electrostatic fields as well demonstrated their ability to dis-tort ætheric streams. Here were special facts, having specialtechnological implications. To be empowered in the quest ofdeveloping ætheric technology was to be on the very thresh-old of achieving wonders. In several experimental instances,researchers discovered the complete annihilation of graviticeffects due to extreme positive electrostatic charge. GeorgePiggot showed that it was possible to suspend large beads ofsilver within a positive monopolar field. Dr. Francis Nipheralso demonstrated the complete reversal of gravitational at-traction in a modified Cavendish balance. Here too it wasfound that strong positive electrostatic charge, though com-pletely shielded in Faraday cages, successfully repelled neu-tral matter. These could only be the result of ætheric interac-tions.

Tesla now understood why certain geological regions weremost ”energetic” and conducive to the juncture of electri-cal communication systems. Old telegraphers and telephonelinesmen knew the difference between ”good ground” ad ”badground”. This lesson was again being learned by those whohad chosen the pursuit of wave radio. Only certain groundsites were acceptable as sites from which exceptionally strongSignals could be launched out into space. While Tesla dis-dained those who so pursued Marconi and his weak reproduc-tions of Hertzian research, he also understood why the geo-logical sites worked in their efficient manner. Most practicalengineers Simply equated these geological sites with ”betterconductivity”. This simplistic explanation was, very unfortu-nately, untrue. It was found that such ”good ground” did notalways conform with geological features at all. Furthermore,it was impossible to rely on geological patterns for the accu-rate selection of radio station sites. Tesla perceived that spacesourced æther streams were responsible for ”good ground”I focussing and flowing into the ground for reasons muchdeeper than geology alone. Perhaps it was the ætheric flowwhich caused the geology! Tesla inferred that locales in whichæther had been resisted caused such intense bombardment thatradioactive minerals had there been generated. JEther streamswere modified by existed geological structures, focussing ordispersing throughout each region. Perhaps also these werethe reasons why certain locations demonstrated distorted grav-itational and perceptual behaviors. This bombardment fromspace was energetic enough to produce the observed naturalgeoradioactivity and geothermal heat. In this view, gravitationitself was a direct result of eethenc bombardment from space.

Tesla viewed the earth itself as a gigantic stone lens, focussingall incoming æther particles. In this manner, geothermal heatwould be localized within a given subterranean horizon. Heatwould be continually released throughout the earth, beingmost intense within its horizon. There were other geophys-ical consequences of this focussed bombardment. Indeed, theæther flow from space was an overwhehning supply. Teslaoften became ecstatic just to imagine or speak of it. JEtherwas entering the earth from space continuously! Tesla beganmaking connections from this knowledge into those mysterieswhich presently occupied the scientific preoccupations of hisday. This wonderful ætheric flow from space manifested it-self in a host of unexplained electrical phenomena with whichscience had long been baffled. Many explanations rushed to-gether.

Now Tesla was able to understand that sunlight containedan retheric component, one which drove itself in endlessstreams from space into the ground. This was the process re-sponsible for the generating the natural dielectric field of theearth, responsible for the spontaneous charging of aerial ter-minals or grounded capacitors, responsible for natural electricdisplays, and so forth. The terrestrial electric field, problem-atic from every explanatory perspective, could be explainedby retheric principles alone.A technology which worked en-tirely in the retheric realm would provide undreamed poten-tials for humanity. In truth the retheric realm lay too closeto the very realms of sensation and consciousness for coinci-dence, a parallel which Tesla had long pondered. Perhaps theformation of deserts was caused by excessive such bombard-ments. The subsequent loss of life and water vapor from suchregions evidenced the dangerous conelitions that could be pro-duced by a technological system which used rether. He wouldnecessarily have to seek out places which were already deser-tified, a site whose elevation was great. He began to plan hisgreat experiment in order to determine the exact parametersneeded to establish a truly commercial rether power system.

Tesla observed these pulsations and chose a range withinwhich to operate his rether engine. The incoming rether waveswould supply a continual supply of enormous power. If hisimpulse transmitter could be made to accommodate the exactincoming pulsations which he had chosen, a valving actionwould be established. The impulse transmitter could then ap-propriate the incoming energetic pulsations, entering into thenatural georetheric flow. Once this condition was established,one which Tesla referred to as ”impulse resonance”, a host ofpossibilities would then present themselves. Tesla could ar-range to rebroadcast these rether pulses at more rapid rates, tobe absorbed at higher rates by elistant ground connected ap-pliances. Tesla now apprehended the fact that incoming ætherso bombarded the ground that electronic charge was actuallyproduced therein. These spontaneously manufactured elec-trons elistributed themselves through slow conduction processthroughout the ground. Of course, there were geo-related in-consistencies to this conductive process, electrons bunching incertain places and causing continual electrostatic phenomena(Corliss) .Here then was the mysterious source of terrestrialdielectric fields. Apart from the daytime deformations causedby the sun, the orientation of this dielectric field remained

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constant day and night. While only mildly deformed duringthe day, the field was a remarkably resilient natural feature ofthe environment, one whose very presence could not truly beunderstood. From where elid this field originate? What wasthe source of the excess electronic charge constantly emerg-ing from the ground, whose electrostatic field reached outinto space? Tesla had learned that retheric bombardmentsof certain matter ejected, and at times manufactured elec-trons. Æther particles often condensed within atomic nuclei,the manufacture process being evidence by an excess of nega-tive charge in laboratory bombardment experiments. The verylight of his vacuum lamps was sufficiently charged with neu-tral Radiant Energy to charge capacitors. If this served as anexample of natural principles, then Radiant Energy from spacewas the real source of the terrestrial electronic charges. Bom-barding the atmosphere, and plowing into the upper crust ontheir way toward the mantle, the primary ultra-infmitesimalæther particles manufactured electrons. These drifted up tothe surface and distributed themselves more or less uniformly,a constantly manufactured supply of undiminished quantity.This was why the dielectric field of the earth remained soclock-eonstant. Just as the Radiant Energy from his vacuumlamps steadily charged capacitors across a room, so also didthe Radiant Energy from space steadily charge the earth. Thispowerful natural æther flow, from space to ground, floodedthe environment. The conversion of continually produces anexcess population of negative charge which has never foundsatisfactory explanation.

It was apparent that. while the sun was the most ”local”terrestrial esther source, a vast reservoir of densely concen-trated æther was indeed coming in from all other parts ofspace at all times undiminished. The sun did not dominatethe ætheric supply, it augmented the supply. This receptionprocess was endless, a constant stream of unsuspected energywhich entered the earth day and night. For Tesla this revealeda whole dynamic in which ætheric flow directed and guidedall processes electrical . æther was the superior, electricitythe inferior. What æther did, electrical phenomena followed.This Single principle became for him a rule of unparalleleduse. Tesla consistently stated that æther was being condensedinto electrons at a specific rate, by which the terrestrial elec-tric field was being manufactured. Physicists derided this no-tion, claiming that the excess electrons came from space ”al-ready made”. Science remains bound in numerous tautologiesencompassing geomagnetism, solar wind, geo-thermoelectricprocess, and so on. Each of these hypotheses represent failedattempts at maintaining the ”ionic balance”.

None of the bookkeeping techniques explains the excess ofnegative charge however. Later theories tried to show thatthese electrons arrived in a solar wind, the expelled debrisfrom the solar thermonuclear reaction. But, all natural effectsbeing balanced, no such ”excess” of negative charge shouldbe claimed for a solar wind hypothesis. The solar wind isa plasma, a neutral population. Tesla realized that academicscience had been measuring the weak transition of æther intoelectrons, and calling the process a mystery. Not comprehend-ing the invisible cause of the effect they measured, academescould not discover the source of excess negative charge! What

Tesla greatly desired was the extraction of energy, free energy,from the natural æther flow.

XV. RADIANT PULSATIONS

Several pieces of essential information had been workingtheir magick in Tesla’s mind for months. Since his outdoorexperiments with his preliminary broadcast power system,Tesla pondered the mystery of ground connections and theirstrangely increased efficiency. How had the ground appliedimpulses from the Transmitter somehow inexplicably accu-mulated power in traversing the ground toward the groundedappliances? He had found that a single elevated terminalgreatly intensified the ”energy magnification” effect. Manyconfused this arrangement with the ordinary aerial-groundcomponents being developed at the time for wave radio ap-plications. Misunderstanding the ætheric prime motivator ofthese transmitters, most would have viewed the various mod-els of Tesla power systems in this conventional way. Indeed,examining the patents reveals no especially unusual compo-nents. The only attributes which differ in Tesla Patents arehis descriptions, purposefully precise and perplexing in theirassertions. In fact, the descriptions teach that efficient perfor-mance occurs with terminals which are largely capacitive. Ac-cording to wave radio principles, these systems should neveroperate. Those who attempt to analyze Tesla impulse trans-mitters from the wave radio perspective walk away either baf-fled or critical. One cannot rationalize Tesla Patent texts whenviewed in a conventional vein.

Æther was more highly concentrated in the ground, but itflowed from space into that ground. Since the stream wasdirected groundward, the only possible means for absorbingextra æther energy was to forcefully drive an æther currentdown! With the applied flow directed into the ground, incom-ing æther from space would be given a resistance-free path tofollow. The impulse transmitter would be acting as a pump.The immense space reservoir would be drawn down throughthe system. With the parameters very strictly controlled, spaceæther would prefer the elevated terminal to the natural ge-ology, a more resistant an inhomogeneous surface. Acceler-ated by this downward flow, æther streams would very quicklyturn toward the impulse transmitter from outlying volumes ofspace. The impulse transmitter would be a source of almosteternal energy. But there were a few more facts to learn anda few more problems to solve before a practical æther enginecould be built and operated. Were there additional character-istics in the natural flow which would require special systemsaccommodations?

Tesla used gas-dynamic and hydro-dynamic analogues indeveloping apparatus toward this remarkable objective. In hisoutdoor tests, the ground connection had revealed somethingof the process which he would now engage. Tesla had al-ready learned that his impulse transmitters could absorb ”ex-tra energy” when grounded. Appliances too, when grounded,would produce uncharacteristic magnified performances. Heshould have known! This was early evidence that a naturalæther supply was already present between sky and ground. In

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some inexplicable way, his impulse transmitters had enteredthe æther absorption process of Nature. Through some sim-ple ”pumping” action, an additional energy flow had made itsappearance in his power broadcast. This now made sense.The creation of an ”æther pump” would necessarily conformwith the prevailing natural æther flow, one which poured downfrom space to the earth. The relatively small applications ofhis impulse transmitter was being given an enormous ”boost”by the natural downpour! Discovering more details about thespace æther was now more than intriguing. It was a technolog-ical necessity. In the absence of any such knowledge, the pur-suit of excellence had been a slow and methodic succession ofdiscoveries in which he was left alone. His numerous publi-cations and press conferences consistently highlighted the po-tentials of a future technology which would change the worldsystem. Having already demonstrated the fact that Polyphasecould undo an ”institution” as American as Thomas Edison,his former employee, many financiers had become concernedwhen Tesla described wireless power transmission. Heavilyinvested in Polyphase, the general feeling of security was byfar too shaken by his now numerous and detailed announce-ments. It was very obvious to all who knew him, for he waswell known in such social circles, that he had perfected thebroadcast power system to a degree which could put them allout of business. Here were the first confrontations of financeand technology, meeting in the person of Nikola Tesla. Con-cerned enough to meet the impending crisis which seemed soimminent at the hands of Tesla, a select and powerful con-sortium of financiers arranged a formal reply to Tesla’s manyovertures.

In the early morning hours of March 13, 1895 at 2:00 AM,the magnificent Tesla Research Laboratory at 33-35 SouthFifth Avenue exploded and burned. Floor upon floor felluntil the building was nothing but a swirling wind of ash.The devastation was unprecedented, the very obvious work ofhired saboteurs. Dynamite charges destroyed the very build-ing foundation, a death trap which could not fail, Unknowingto them, and breaking his normal nightly routine that particu-lar evening, Tesla had quietly slipped out through a concealedstairwell for an extended dinner at Delmonico’s. Tesla re-turned with his frantic assistant, Mr. Czito, and watched theashes drift down the avenue until dawn. He vanished for twoweeks to the great concern of his closest and dearest friends.

The message of his return left his shadowy enemies thun-derstruck. Tesla was still alive! His next public announcementwas divisive and deliberate. Every press interview for the re-mainder of his life took a new turn. He was no longer openedand candid. This mystique drove intrigued enthusiasts towardhis every statement. He was now planning the broadcast ofpower on a worldwide scale, and requested funding from thevery ones he clearly knew were the guilty parties. It was wellknown by the public that certain such individuals had longthreatened Tesla with the hostile takeover of his Polyphaseamalgamation with Westinghouse. Fearful of public accusa-tions in the all too obvious foiled death attempt, the guiltyparties crawled out of the woodwork with philanthropic dona-tions which Tesla absorbed with relish. He played this gamewith the same parties all of their remaining lives, until none of

them were left to extort ”philanthropic donations”. The hurtand the loss, nevertheless remained. He was purposed now toachieve what he had set out to do. Overturrting the financialstronghold which he perceived taking root in the world, wouldbe brought down at all costs. Energy, fuel, financial power,and regulation, these several principles would be reversed bythe social response which his new technology would exact.The demand? Absolute freedom from the tyranny of regula-tors.

Into these fields he continually strove, hts technology thethreshing tool. In his new laboratory at 40 West HoustonStreet, Tesla conducted a number of very revealing experi-ments with grounded impulse transmitters. He had conductedsufficient experiments in this new laboratory to acquire cer-tain basic information necessary to the construction of a large-scale test station, a remarkable ability to perform small scaletests with a view toward subsequent enlargements. Pump-ing the local area with æther streams, Tesla discovered anamazing and essential fact which he had not previously re-alized. His ground pumping impulse transmitters operatedwith peak efficiency only when specific pulsations were ap-plied. He also noted that the timing of applied such pulsa-tions would produce zero reading or maximum readings onthe output side. This meant only one thing: the strongest in-coming pulsations were clock-regular. Instances where he re-ceived ”zero outputs” were instances where the impulse trans-mitter was completely out of phase. Instances where he re-ceived strongest outputs were instances where the transmit-ters were completely in phase with the incoming pulsations.Of course there were those instances where a moderate out-put was gained, instances where the pumping action may havepreceded or followed the incoming pressures just a bit. In or-der to absorb these natural pulsations with greatest efficiency,he had to find a Simple way to synchronize the Transmitterwith them exactly.

The pulsations themselves represented a natural processwhich Tesla had never suspected. Here was evidence thatspace æther did not in fact flow from space smoothly. Theearth as whole was somehow modulating parts of the ætherflow. Tesla monitored and charted this complex and fasci-nating natural phenomenon, an exciting display of mysteriousorigin. There were slow pulses whose ultraslow periods ex-ceeded his ability to record them. Others required hours toexpress themselves, yet others a few minutes each. The ætherpulsation spectrum had no lower limits and certainly no upperones. Here were ample natural ”channels” to use for powerand other applications. In order to build a functiorting ætherengine, he would have to select one of these strong naturalpulsations.

Tesla found that an amazing sequence of pulsations coex-isted in this in corning flood. These came as pressure waves,never reversing direction, and were interspersed by relaxationintervals having specific duration. Therefore, the incomingæther came as complex superimposed pulsations, each hav-ing their own periods of pressure and relaxation. There wasno upper or lower limit to these. Many of these pulse trainswere very powerful, not just a few. Those powerful pulsa-tions obviously differed in cause and source. Some were solar

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stimulated, others had more mysterious origins in outer space.He correctly surmised the source of the more powerful pulsa-tions. The sun played its greatest role in this pulsation process.Because it represented an æther source so close to the earth,its streams did not arrive with the uniform distribution of thespace æther supply. The proximity stimulated the strong pul-sations which were found to occur at fixed rates and in a spe-cific range of pulsations. Pulsation groups were found, thosegroups each having singular source. Whether in the sun, thestars, the influence of planets, or mysterious causes in space,each group represented an available pulsation spectrum forutility. The source of all these pulsations had several causes.Space sourced æther entered the earth at pulsation rates relatedto the mysterious processes occurring in deepest space. Manyof their pulsations were the result of those space processes,having nothing to do with earth. Others yet had to do withprocess in space we may never properly comprehend. Theserepresent the native properties of space and so forth. Yet thereexisted a class of pulsations definitely related to the proximalsun and the earth as a resistive body. The rocky earth rep-resents a resistance to the otherwise smooth and continuousflow of æther from space.

Resistance in the crust brought an æther intensification pro-cess into play. The self-collimating self-magnifying prop-erty which he had observed, while experimenting in count-less other applications, was suddenly appreciated on a terres-trial scale. Resisted æther focussed into the resistant medium,producing intense bombardments with subsequent explosiveparticle emissions. One principle emission was electronic innature. Electrons appeared in the rocky resistant matter, acontaminant which often choked the pure ætheric flow. Theelectron conversion process retarded the æthertc flow. On theterrestrial scale, such effects were enormous in scope. Theincoming space æther stream was not such a smooth flow af-ter all, an unexpected fact. Tesla saw the native pulsationproperties of space sources. These did not result from con-tact with earth resistance at all. But because the earth it-self resisted the various incoming supplies in various degrees,special group pulsations had long ago been initiated in thegroundward æther efflux. These group pulse effects were pro-duced on a vast scale. The incoming æther pulsated into andover the surface of the ground, in some places smoothly, inothers with greater difficulty. Certain geological locales hadbeen the historically persistent site where prodigious lightningactivity had been the familiar local attribute. This retardationin the natural absorption of æther yet occurs on a vast ter-restrial scale. The already pulsating streams encounter resis-tance, first in the atmosphere, and then in the crust. Spacestreams, however pulsing, are slowed from the otherwise su-perluminal velocities as a group by crustal resistance and theelectron conversion process. The condition had existed foraeons, Momentum in the æther supply maintained the incom-ing group pulsations. The growth and establishment of thispulsation process was unstoppable. Æther pulses in, is con-verted into electrons, relaxes, and comes in again. In addition,the proxtmity of the sun played its part in another class ofgroup pulsations. The sun was not homogeneous in its bom-bardment of the whole earth surface. Solar æther drove a vec-

tor over and through the earth. Several group pulsations werethe result of this passage. There were geological modifica-tions and magnifications of these effects. A whole class ofæther pulsations were solar related. This pulsation train wasunidirectional, æther passed into the earth, flowed around it,and went off into interplanetary space. Streaming æther wouldhave, in fact, been problematic in this effort. Pulsations of-fered the possibility of an increased engine efficiency. Theimpulse transmitter would be so synchronized as the apply itsgroundward æther blasts at the exact instant in which a spacepulse arrived. It would rest with the arrival of the natural re-laxation interval. Arranging a higWy resistive condition hadbeen the work of engineers for countless centuries. This dis-covery and situation, revolutionary and futuristic from everyaspect, required the opposite engineering conditions. Teslahad long experimented with the use of liquid air to refriger-ate his systems. He was first to find that zero-resistance couldactually be established in cryogenically cooled circuit com-ponents. Non-resistance was the key. The key to extractingmomentum, power from the æther!

XVI. ÆTHER ENGINES

In order to fully utilize the groundward space ætheric flow,one Simply had to conform with its natural pulsations. TeslaTransmitter stations had to accommodate these incoming pul-sations with least resistivity. Tesla designed systems to ac-commodate cryogenic liquids for this purpose. Side branchcircuits would appropriate the pressures from this main flux,applying them for broadcast purposes at quicker impulse rates.Tesla believed it was possible to arrange the parameters ofhis system to best enable earth absorption of greaterthan- nor-mal ætheric quantities. The large aerial terminal would focusin æther streams, beneath the station, a very deep and con-siderably broad ground system would spread out this concen-trated flux into the earth, where it would find its way throughto the upper core. Establishing the initial‘ power draw” re-quired a special function which Tesla had already worked out.The station would therefore operate in a fixed‘ pumping cy-cle”, drawing æther down into the ground in strong pulsations.Space æther flowed into the ground in a smooth flood. Whenhis impulse transmitters accelerated the downward æther flow,large pulsations flooded the ground. On the surface, this ap-peared as growing power pulsations. The pulsations actuallypassed downward into and through the ground as body waves.These travelled with superluminal velocity within the subter-ranean depths. Æther impelled as pulsations of this kind didnot cease moving. Indeed, a flow had been established which,once induced, would not stop moving.

The impulse synchronization was the key to receiving andsecuring the natural æther flow. That impulse rate had to beexact and had to match the incoming pulsations. After thislow-resistance condition had been established for the incom-ing pulsations, voltage was the key toward drawing in thespace æther, Tesla calculated that a value of 100,000,000 Voltswould be necessary to stimulate a sufficient toflux. Superhighæther pressures would therefore be applied into the ground,

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pulling on the elevated terminal. This powerful depressuriz-ing pull on the normal incoming æther flow above the stationwould draw æther in from the entire overlying space. Ætherstreams would gradually bend into the elevated terminal. Thesystem would accommodate the normal space process by of-fering a non-resistant path for each incoming pulse. The se-lected pulse range was designed to appropriate the natural in-flux. A synchronized ætheric pulse train was to be ”driven”Iby an application of station energy, into the ground. This pulsetrain would be provided at the rate of 150,000 pulses per sec-ond, impulses each being followed by a specific relaxationperiod.

The pulsation range which Tesla chose was one permit-ting maximum energy absorption for an attainable large size.The transmitter would be built to produce 150,000 æther pul-sations per second, each impulse lasting for approximately(.0062 milliseconds). Calculations showed Tesla that thisassembly volume would indeed bring in enough energy todemonstrate industrial potential. Besides proving that ætherenergy could literally drive the station, providing an eternalflow of power into the earth under controlled conditions, Teslaplanned to show the distant reception of æther energy from hisstation. Receivers would be established at various long dis-tances from the site, each being a model home or industrialplant. Tesla would prove to his antagonists, who incidentallywere providing him with funds for the experiment, that estherpower would replace fuel oil.

The first requirement Tesla demanded for an experimentalstation of this kind was elevation. He need to place his ex-perimental station at a height far above any intervening nat-ural structures. The second requirement was isolation. Heneeded absolute separation from cities and towns, indeed fromall human life. This latter feature was a precaution againstpossible ”accidents”. Tesla inferred that an uncontrollableprocess could develop during the experiment which he plan-ning to undertake. Tesla was initially frightened that sucha vast increase in local æther flux might have dire conse-quences if strict control features could not be found. His con-cern reached extreme levels, when calculations showed himthe possible results of his intended ”experiment”. The highlyfocussed æther streams which he was intending on drawingdown would also bring increased bombardments of the lo-cal geology, and subsequent phenomenal effects which mightget beyond his control. What effects’ Tesla fully anticipatedthat the artificially intensified ætheric flow might cause dis-turbances in the ground, bombardments whose released heatand electrical discharges might trigger rock shearing. Shouldhe lose control of the ætheric in æther flux, through inadver-tent inability to moderate its unpredictable growth factor, theatmosphere might begin to ”burn”.

What Tesla meant by this had nothing to do with chemi-cal burning. He meant that the ætheric bombardment wouldbegin a process of elemental dissolution, where atmosphericgases would be quickly converted into æther and other by-products. In such a nightmarish scenario, the atmospherewould be driven into the growing æther column, a mountingavalanche without control. He feared that, should such a sud-den surge remove control from his hands, the station would,

be destroyed. But this would not stop the cascading æthericcolumn, which would self-intensify itself to world-devastatingpotentials. He often published these intimations, mentioningthe possibility that such a sudden flux could ”split the earth inhalf”. It was toward averting these fearful scenarios that henow applied his mind’s best efforts. He declared that the ex-periment would not be undertaken should no natural controlprocess appear. Tesla realized that the flow of æther throughhis Transmitter would meet with a gradually increasing de-gree of resistance, when electrons began forming along theotherwise smooth path. This would soon choke the ætherflow, causing an avalanche of electron manufacture. If notadequately handled, the growing electron flux would moder-ate and quench the reaction. While limiting the efficiency ofhis ”æther engine”, other dangers could ensue. The ultimateresult of this electron manufacture process would be a danger-ous electrostatic condition which could kill. Once this pro-cess began, a charge-farming avalanche was inevitable. Theaccumulation of these charges could destroy the Transmitteritself. Should a means not be engineered to eliminate themfrom the area, the electron manufacture process would multi-ply itself quite rapidly and unpredictably. With unpredictablyincreased æther flow, the formation of dangerous blue-whiteelectric sparks would begin discharging from the terminalsand all parts of the Transmitter. Thus, before he undertookthe large-scale experiment, he had already glimpsed his ”con-trol factor”. He had already found the very means for ”mod-erating” the reaction. It was electricity itself Electricity, theretarding factor in his every experiment with pure æthertc en-ergy, would provide the moderating influence. The ”modera-tor” which Tesla so desperately sought, the blessing and thecurse, was electrical charge itself. How ironic that the verysubstance which he had so successfully eliminated in his cir-cuitry, now returned as an agent of moderation to prevent aworld catastrophe!

The problem demanded that a special automatic leakagesystem be established to rid the system of electrons as quicklyas they appeared. It was during the ”rest period”, one whichfollowed each impulse, that the apparatus could discharge itsexcess electrons into the environment. In this way, a continu-ous absorption of æther, and elimination of electrons, could besequentially arranged. In effect, the apparatus was a 2.strokeengine. Æther came in, electrons went out. Tesla did notwish to harvest and use the electrons. Eliminated to the envi-ronment in successive pulses, these most certainly produceda distinct species of slow subluminal waves in the ground.Balanced and flowing in æther, the only problem central tothe continuous operation of an industrial sized plant would bethe safe discharge of excess electrons. He needed some kindof ”automatic valve” which could leak the electrons away asquickly as they appeared. The elevated terminal would nec-essarily now be given a double function. Its large absorptionarea would appropriate the incoming æther pulses, but a sec-ond geometry would work to leak away excess electrons tothe air. Tesla planned a double function in later designs whichhe patented. In this, dangerous electrons are harmlessly andcyclically ”leaked off” into the air through the aerial terminal.A large metal shell with innumerable Stipples provided that

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æther would be absorbed, through the broad surface, whileelectrons would be dispersed, through the stipples. In thefamed embodiment at Wardenclyffe Station, his first indus-trial Power Broadcaster, the final form of the terminal wasto be an edge-rounded hemisphere completely studded with agreat quantity of large Single terminal vacuum globes. Teslaobserved some of these phenomena while yet in his HoustonStreet Laboratory, and considered several means for eliminat-ing the problem. But here was the very factor which he hadso long hoped to find, a means for insuring that Nature couldindeed stop the reaction before it grew out of proportion towreak world havoc. Engineers who studied his press releasesand publications were fixated on the notion hat Tesla was in-tending to ”pump the ground with electricity”, an error whichhas forever clouded the issues germane to comprehending hisvarious World Power Systems. The fact which so few analystshave retained amid their many errors deals with that of ”sta-tion disengagement from the utilities”. Freedom from utilities.Once such an ætheric ”channel” had been stimulated throughthe Transmitter, it would be possible to disengage the appa-ratus from the electrical power source altogether. The systemwas made to simply flow in æther current. Once the flow-ing condition had been sufficiently established, control factorsbeing monitored and adjusted throughout the operation cycle,this system would work on retheric energy alone. Forever.Such a technological marvel would stimulate a world revolu-tion in power. His Transmitter would effectivelybecome theliteral duct or vent wherein such an ætheric channel wouldactually flow.

The system would be designed to absorb æther pulsationsat an accessible natural pulse rate, and then disperse this en-ergy through the medium of the earth at several other pulsationrates. Not only was the system to receive prime æther power,but it would also rebroadcast it through the ground in a hostof related pulse rates for utility. Home and industry would re-ceive ætheric current through the ground as planned, none ofthe pulsation rates interfering with the station operation. Theplan was exquisite. The end of fuel. The only electrical appli-cation needed was the ”initiation train”. But this plan requireda large installation, one which would not be without its atten-dant problems.

XVII. AVALANCHE

Tesla chose his site atop a plateau in Colorado Springs, thena virtual pioneer town. At a height of 6000 feet above sealevel, the site gave him the required elevation. Here also wassufficient isolation from populations. Placed in solid contactwith the plateau tablerock. Tesla chose this geologically deepnatural conductor to permit an unhindered downrush of æther,a secret he carried with him. Anticipating the undreamed, hemoved all of his more mobile components to this site in May1899, and began construction. His exertions were astound-ing. Once the station was complete, several tests would benecessarily conducted to affirm the circuit parameters in thegeological site. The station parameters were built on whatnow appears to be a gigantic scale. The large housing struc-

ture was made of wooden beams, of dimensions nearly 100feet on each side. The roof was nearly as high, reaching 80feet, having a large sliding section for the elevation of variousterminals and capacity surfaces (see figure).

The building was held up with large buttresses. Within thisstructure were the components of genius. The primary andsecondary of the largest Tesla transformer ever built in historywere wound, one above the other, upon an immense cylindri-cal wall of wooden construction, some 75 feet in diameter and10 feet in height. An extra coil was poised in the very centerof this cylindrical form, elevated on a stand several feet abovethe flooring. This extra coil had 75 widely spaced wire turns,being wound on a skeletal wooden cylinder. This extra coilwas some 10 feet in diameter and 10 feet in height The ele-vated capacity terminal, a large wooden ball covered in tinfoil,was connected to this extra coil by a thick cable. Through theroof window, this cable rose to a height of 200 feet fixed to atall wooden mast.

Tesla constructed a very ingenious capacitor bank, madeof large water bottles. Salt water was poured into each to afixed height connector rods fitted into the same. The entire as-sembly of jars were placed in a large tub of tinfoil, also filledwith salt water to a depth of a foot or more. This electrolyticassemblage provided a formidable storage capacity, and waseasily modified as well as cost-efficient. Power was providedby a large Westinghouse transformer. This power was usedto drive a high voltage dynamo, providing some 50,000 voltsDC. The dynamo was connected to a motor driven spark dis-rupter which provided a preliminary pulsation rate. Throughchoke coils, this preliminary pulsing current was applied to alarge magnetic disrupter. This in turn was applied to the ca-pacitor bank and the large primary coil (see figure).

The first step in his process involved an initiatory ”jump-start”. When the switch was closed, æthertc shockwave en-ergy passed over the secondary, and flowed up into the ele-vated terminal. Transformed into the calculated potential of100,000,000 volts lasting for the calculated (0.0062 millisec-onds), æther poured from space into the station during the in-terval. Each successive impulse was followed by its short butspecific rest period, and the process was repeated for as longa time as deemed necessary. Some 150,000 groups of appliedimpulses and rest periods made up each second’s worth of ini-tiation time. In the absence of discernible information from

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the notes which Tesla left us, this critical ”rest period” is dif-ficult to ascertain. Nevertheless it is an important lost pieceof information necessary to the reestablishment of any suchlarge-scale station.

The aerial terminal was so designed to absorb æther anddischarge electrons in opposed cycles. The incoming ætherenergy would be handled by the various within the station,side branching circuits made to appropriate the pure pulsingenergy, while converting it into various pulse rates for re-broadcast. The initiatory impulse would start the avalanche,the space æther flowing with gradually increasing intensity.Tesla would control and maximize the volumes of incomingæther until the flow became ”permanent”. At first Tesla haddifficulty balancing and establishing proper parameters. Even-tually, however, the conditions which originally desired be-came a routine process. Tesla planned to train his operators inthis art, having accepted several personnel to this end. One,Fritz Lowenstein, later was found to be a ”spy” for one of hisfinancial enemies. Tesla discovered this when several myste-rious ”accidents” occurred in the Colorado Springs Station.

During this testing period, Tesla encountered several phe-nomena for which he was not totally prepared or forearmed.In small preliminary tests, the primary ætheric pulsation pro-duced ”stationary waves”, fountains of white streamers whichappeared instantly and which also grew to large proportionswith time all around the activation site. Tesla mentioned the”standing waves” only when referring to the attendant slowelectron waves, manufactured through the bombarding actionof æther in the earth. The different names of each wave-form related different processes, unforeseen phase interfer-ences which Tesla encountered during his tests at the Exper-imental Station in Colorado. Problematic to the action of hissystem, these successive waveforms thus appeared at the sta-tion out of phase. Now, both æther waves and electron wavescame back to their sourcepotnt, the fact that Tesla quizzi-cally mentioned to the press. When stating that ”the earthbehaves as a conductor of limited extent”, he was not refer-ring to the discovery that the earth can store electricity! Healready knew this. He was referring to the problem of de-structive interference, one of phasing among two contrary and

mutually opposed wave species. This behavior of the ”earthas a conductor of limited extent” was not a thrilling fact toTesla. It was an annoying problem. He would have preferreda conductor of infinite extent, one in which all received ætherpower could be set free, along with the attendant contami-nating electrons. Because the earth held onto the electronsso tenaciously, there were literal repercussions at the stationwhich taxed his intellect far too much for his own pleasure.Here was the situation. Ether waves flowed with superlumt-nal velocity from the station and into the earth proper. Thesewere neutral pressure waves whose instantaneous movementthrough the ground was slightly slowed by resistance process.A continual lagging backflow of æther ”pressure echoes” ap-peared at the station with unprecedented force. The applica-tion of æther to the ground brought a fountain-like conditionto the station area. In the absence of appropriate elevated ca-pacity, æther streams stood out of the ground vertically. Thesewere the ”stationary waves” of which Tesla so often delightedto speak. These were the powerful zetheric emanations whichoffered humanity a new means for obtaining limitless powerfrom outer space, and for rebroadcasting the same through theground to any needed point. IEther waves are neutral pres-sures of enormous energetic potential. Opposed to the de-sired neutral æther pressure waves, there were those slow al-ternating electron waves. Electrons, developed by æther bom-bardment in the rocky crustal matter at the station, chokedthe otherwise continuous movement of æther pulses. But theaerial release of these from the system induced slow sublumi-nal electrical waves throughout the earth. The very presenceof these completely interfered with the system. Fast down-ward æther pressure pulses were met by slow rising alternat-ing electrical waves. The opposed pulsation of fast æther andslow alternating electron waves would destructively interferewith one another. Tesla referred to the ætheric phenomenon as”stationary waves”, He referred to the electronic phenomenonas ”standing waves”. Stationary waves, instantaneous white-fire fountains. Standing waves, slow electron waves. Station-ary waves occur in incompressible fluids. IEther is incom-pressible. Stationary waves are the charge-neutral productsof pressured fluids in fixed conductors. Stationary waves pul-sate in a unidirectional manner. Standing waves are the re-sult of alternating compressions and rarefactions, characteris-tic of electron currents in fixed conductors. Tesla knew thatthese two different waves could react, one upon another, inrestricted ways. You will remember that he strove to sepa-rate æther streams from electrons. Electrons quenched ætherstreams by encapsulating and pinching them off. So long aselectrons contaminated æther streams, only the gross electronswould dominate. Also, the concentrated ætheric streams ac-tually manufactured electrons. Striking into already manufac-tured electron streams would Simply intensify the condensa-tion process. A veritable electron avalanche would follow, theprocess so poised as to interfere destructively. Unless a properrelationship could be arranged between the two energy forms,one could not expect a highly efficient acquisition of ætherpower.

The difference between these two waveforms had been crit-ical for Tesla to comprehend and rearrange. Only a Tesla

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could have balance the two contrary actions. It was ironi-cally the slower electron waves which determined the tempoat which the system would operate, since these alterationswould keep appearing long after the æther flow had begunits resonant rise. Tesla now calculated and readjusted theimpulse-rest intervals so that the two opposed wave specieswould never destructively interfere. Timing was the criti-cal key. Each would glide past the other undisturbed andnon-interfering. The first full-scale tests of this experimen-tal station took place throughout the month of July 1899.Tesla found that each groundward pulsation of the Transmit-ter brought such a volume of space æther down through thesystem that it was difficult to control the exchange process.Once the ætheric draft had been successfully induced, chargeformation could actually be utilized to slow and moderate thedownward growing flood. Tesla always measured increasedelectron surges in his Transmitters. His aerial terminal boughtin an unprecedented electron avalanche, measuring some 1100amperes of the current. Indirectly this was a measure of ætherflow, for it was æther which manufactured the electrons. Thiscurrent increase demonstrated the continuous formation ofcharge in the metallic conductors of the Transmitter, the re-sult of ætheric bombardments through the system. It was justas he had foreseen. This central problem which he encoun-tered, and which he finally solved, became the usable solutionto his first fears. The formation of electrical charges was be-ing used now to slow the æther flow, which otherwise wouldcontinue growing out of control (see figure).

The Transmitter operated as an incredible Magnifier ofæther. Tesla noted with fascination the fact that pulsationsin the ætheric downpour seemed to formed a zone of ever in-creasing power. In this zone, successive æther pulses superim-posed in a manner which was not usual. The growth charac-teristic of these pulsations provided an ever increasing supply,with the local zone surrounding the Transmitter becoming a

site of strange effects. He found it indeed possible to disen-gage the Transmitter from the electrical power source afteronly a few seconds of application time, the proof encryptedand preserved in his Cunningly captioned photographs.

Tesla spoke of two different waveforms, ”stationary waves”and ”standing waves”, when discussing the effects whichhis Magntfying Transmitter had produced in the earth. The”standing waves” related to the consequences of alternatingcharge waves stimulated by the successive aerial release ofmanufactured electrons. The ”stationary waves” were won-derful phenomena of ground conducted ;ether currents. Oncethe stream began flowing through his system, magnificationprocesses would draw in an ever increasing æther supply. Themore ”opened” the system became, the more æther wouldflow. He could moderate this æther avalanche with certaindrive coils which slowed the rest intervals during which elec-trons were released. In this was, the æther would be limitedfrom ”going critical”.

The avalanche magnification factor would have to bestrictly controlled by the station operator. Because æther wasrarefied in the space above and around the station, a conditionbrought about by the downward pumping action, a powerfuland dangerous response would result throughout the incom-ing stream. Working its way back out into space, the pul-sations would force the supply streams to flow with greaterforce into the Transmitter. Because æther responds to Sim-ple pressure laws, the Transmitter would ultimately summonresponses from its very source. A strange form of communi-cation would this be possible between two very distant points,a communications technique which Tesla mentioned.

The stationary wave was an effect unknown in electricalscience. It was unknown because electricity is a bipolar man-ifestation. Ether, being a neutral Radiant Energy, has morein common with gases. Densified ;ether streams were morelike fluids. Stationary waves were a familiar feature in flu-idics, where the application of streams to enclosed contain-ers brought immense fountainlike effects. Tesla played withthe science critics when patenting an apparently banal de-sign for a water fountain. In this ovoid shaped system, Teslaencrypted his stationary wave secrets. Years later, VictorSchauberger developed eggshaped vessels into which streamsof water were introduced at high pressure. The result cavitat-ing turbulence produced frothing jets which emerged in pulsa-tions. Stationary waves are produced when force is applied toan mcornpressible fluid which has been constrained within afixed volume. The fixed volume of smoothly rounded contain-ers rigidly hold fluidic pressure jets and produced enormousfountains. These fountains appear instantly with the very firstapplication of pressure. The fountains emerge from the en-trant orifice, unless otherwise arranged. The effect is illus-trated with an ordinary sink which has been filled to a heightwith water. Drops which have been directed to specific partsof the water surface, at specific velocities, can raise a suddenthin fountain high enough to strike one in the face!

Ether is neutral. Because of its electroneutrality, æther re-flections produce no alternations. Æther reflections producestationary waves, where geometrically fixed zones of stream-ing æther are observed. Tesla applied æther ”blasts” into the

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ground. These blasts moved the æther reservoir already ab-sorbed within the earth in an instantaneous pulse, resulting ina sudden rether fountain all around his station. The pulse trav-elled through the ground, unaffected by its encounter with var-ious rock strata. Nevertheless, when this pulse finally reacheda sufficient resistance, or change of mass density, the flow wassufficiently refracted to surge back up toward its source. Theeffect occurs instantaneously because earth absorbed esther isa dense and incompressible fluid. The entire effect thus de-rives from refraction effects in the variable resistance of earthrock.

The bunching action of æther, both entering the groundfrom above, and that rising from beneath, produced an over-whehning pressure rise in a fixed location. These waves were,in the Tesla lexicon, truly ”stationary”. Rising up like a foun-tain of white light, they remained fixed to the station perimeterand ”stationary”. In addition, it seems likely that Tesla discov-ered, natural ”vents” where ”ætheric pressures” persistentlyemerge. Such natural loci evidence strong upwelling gustsof natural æther which may be tapped at for power. Thesestrange natural features explained why certain locations farfrom his station suddenly erupted with columns of stutteringwhite light. Indeed, many such locations do exist across theworld, places which flow at rare intervals with a white light.This phenomena is due to sudden natural cascades of spaceæther, an otherwise invisible downpour (see figure).

The ”fountain effects” which surrounded his station are notresponsible for the ever growing power observed by Tesla.This was the result of an incoming eethenc supply for whichhis Transmitter gave low-resistant passage. The incomingætheric flow preferred the transmitter terminal to adjacent,more resistant rock. This gradual flow process soon evi-denced itself in magnificatton effects, ever increasing volumesof flowing æther being measured in his system. Some have ar-gued that Tesla merely stored energy in the earth, extracting it

for use later. This is a basic error, the result of imagining theColorado Springs experiment to be one consisting entirely ofelectrical effects (Grotz). It is in this light alone that we maycomprehend the evident anomalous magnification of æthertcphenomena in his Colorado Springs photographs.

Once æther energy had been obtained from space, it hadto be conveyed to consumers. Tesla had arrange for the au-tomatic activation of æther rebroadcast circuits in the sta-tion. The downpouring ætherwere automatically shunted toside circuits through capacitors. In these side branches, retherpulsed through dielectrics and expanded over the surfaces ofhis smaller coils. Thus stimulated to more rapid pulsationrates, they were ready for ”rebroadcast”. Being rebroadcastaway from the station through large vacuum globes, poised onelevated platforms, these were the ætheric pulsations whichwould be utilized in home and industry. Simple and com-pact receivers would be established in every home and factory,set to receive ætheric current through the ground. Tests werethrilling. Distant appliances, lamps and motors, responded tothe powerful pulsations as if physically connected to the sta-tion by wire. A small house-like structure was establishedsome 26 miles away from the station. In it, an ætheric powerreceiver was tuned to one of the rebroadcast rates. The 200lamps housed within this structure, each of 50 watts rating,all remained brilliantly illuminated throughout the lest runs.This apparently stimulated enough excitement and concernfor word of this development to get back east. Engineerswere enraged. Those who had missed his most early shiftfrom alternations to impulses, failed to comprehend the vastdistinction between ”stationary waves” and ”standing waves”.The quizzical use of specific terms such as these was a TeslaIrademark, one designed to puzzle the minds of those whocriticized him the most. With the exception of a very few col-leagues who continually made related discoveries in ¡Ether-physics, most academes had chosen to remain totally ignorantof the new study area. This for example was the case with theTeslian use of the term ”frequency” and of ”resonance”, wordswhich had completely different meanings for Tesla. Teslian”frequency” refers to the repetition of pulses per second. Tes-lian ”resonance” refers to conditions in which æther flowswith little or no resistance through systems, whether proximalor widely separated.

Photographs which Tesla sent to his ”financiers” were ana-lyzed and reexamined repeatedly from their encrypted mean-ing. None could decipher the cunning puzzle which Tesla hadset hefore them. Tesla stated that photographs of the æthericwhitefire streamers required several minutes’ exposure timebefore registering the faintest sort of impression. Most of theplates were therefore the result of more than 20 minutes’ ex-posure lime. There are a very few plates which, though statedto be the result of ”one brief switch closure”, are coveredwith dense, thick white streamers, One fraction of a secondclosure on the system switch resulted in a twenty minute ormore æther avalanche. Magnifying Transformers continueddischarging long after the initial impulse had been withdrawn.

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XVIII. ÆTHER POWER RECEIVERS

Tesla returned to New York exultant. He was about to es-tablish a new world precedent. Venture capitalists were ev-erywhere, looking for their opportunity to enter the ”new en-ergy” market. Unknown to Tesla, his station, its tower, thelarge coils, the capacitors, and all the other marvelous ap-paratus which demonstrated free ætheric power to the worldhad been acquired for demolition. Tesla Simply went for-ward, securing new funds from Morgan and others towardthe development of a fully functional industry sized stationin Long Island. Wardenclyffe Station. Wardenclyffe would behis greatest achievement. Here he would broadcast power tothe world, along with a communications network which couldspan the globe with innumerable available channels. Etherwave communications. Several stations would augment thepower of this first station, from which he proposed to rebroad-cast 10,000 horsepower. The Station, a wonderful visionarystructure which dominated the view of Shoreham, Long Is-land was not quite complete before it too was seized by couriinjunctions and torn down (see figure).

Tesla was summoned to appear in court. The amazing tran-script of this proceeding has been secured by Mr. Leland An-derson, who has since published a wonderful treatise with thistranscript as the centerpiece. Tesla said he wept when he sawthe ruined tower in Wardenclyffe. The train ride back fromShoreham was ftlled with tears and the recounting of everytragedy which marked his life. But the dreams did not diethere. In the absence of financial means to construct his gigan-tic stations, Tesla found ways to build small systems whichaccomplished the very same objectives. Replacing the largeoverhead capacity terminal with material substitutes, radioac-tive metals in combination with other dense elements, Teslawas able to accrete and focus æther pulsations of super shortduration.

Tesla was then plunged into a hellish time, where all butone would neither help or hear him. Dr. John Hammond re-quested Tesla to be the permanent guest on his family estate.There, amid the family life of Hammond Castle, Tesla sharedhis dreams and technology. Together, he and Dr. Hammonddeveloped the science of robots and remote guidance. Tesla,impoverished by the inhuman treatment wrought on him bythe financial establishment, was nonetheless quite alive andvaluable to those having singular ambition to dominate theworld radio trade. For a very long time, Nikola Tesla wasconsidered ”out of circulation”.

But later years turned a kindlier edge toward him. Longafter his principle foe had died, others sought him out. Em-ployed by the Rockefellers in their RCA venture, Tesla wasgiven the task of restructuring the now failing Marconi Sys-tem. David Sarnoff did not permit Tesla the dignity of workingunder his own name! Nevertheless it was Tesla, not Sarnoff,who redesigned the insufficient RCA radio systems to suffi-ciently tum a profit for the owners. It is significant that Teslawas not allowed to change the basic design from wave radioto radiant communication. What he achieved required certainstrange conversions within the wave radio circuitry, intensi-fying radiant Signals until the operation was much improved,and then converting the amplified Signals back to waves onceagain. All of this was achieved within the chassis, certain ofwhich are now being studied. These Tesla experimental mod-els are typical of the Tesla style, containing no resistors orother such components. These models use simple transmittertubes and employ a great number of symmetrically disposedconical air coils.

While working for RCA under the name ”Terbo”, hismother’s maiden name, Tesla maintained his two penthousesuites atop the Hotel New Yorker. One penthouse was his liv-ing quarters, the other a full scale research laboratory. Tesladesigned and built small compact and portable æther energyreceivers, a developmental path which he pursued to his pass-ing. Tesla had long investigated the use of pure dielectric fieldenergy, a stream of æther whose individual pulsations were sovery ultrashort that science had never found a means to har-ness the energy impulses. Tesla later held the opinion thatdielectric current was composed of radiant particles, æthericin nature. He therefore sought natural sources in which nativedielectric fields could be used as they were, without the needfor mammoth voltage ”shocks” to stimulate ætheric currents.Tesla knew that if dielectric æther streams could be directlyengaged, a true world of the future would be in his grasp. Fur-thermore, the mass-production of thousands and ten thousandsof such power receivers would be an unstoppable army. Anarmy of miniatures which could never be torn down. The im-plications were fathomless. Tesla had found a truly new andwonderful approach to an old problem. Once because his tech-nology had not yet grown to the level where this was possi-ble, he had to settle for impressing the naturally prolific ætherstreams with ”extra” pulsations. The Transmitter method wascostly, gargantuan, and an easy target for those who hatedthe notion of future world where dreams rule humanity. Di-electric energy fascinated Tesla. It was everywhere, a naturalemanation whose potentials far outproportioned conventional

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notions of power. Indeed, the early conception of natural ra-dioactivity as an energetic source was nothing in comparisonto the potential power inherent in dielectric streams. The newtechnology would use ultra-short pulsing æther streams, en-ergies which occupied most of his latter press conferences inlatter years. Study had convinced Tesla that the apparentlysmooth and native force characteristic of dielectric field en-ergy was actually a particulate flux, a succession of ultrashortimpulses. The derivation of such an irnpulse train would solveall energy needs for eternity with an elegance far outreachinghis own Magnifier Transmitter.

Of a truth, dielectric energy was a native source of incred-ible proportion and virtually eternal duration. Able to usesuch a kinetic source, one could dispense entirely with thePower Transmitters necessary in stimulating and impressing”extra pulsations” on the æther flow. Tesla often defined thedielectric field as a natural flow of æther particles, one whichseemed impossible to utilize through lack of appropriate re-sistive materials. In order to obtain momentum from the flow-ing particles of a dielectric field, one required special matterpoised in equally special symmetries. The otherwise continu-ous flow could be absorbed directly, being exchanged to utili-ties, appliances, and other applications.

Tesla had already considered the condition of charged par-ticles, each representing a tightly constricted whorl of æther.The force necessarily exerted at close distances by suchætheric constrictions was incalculably large. Ætheric ponder-ance maintained particulate stability. Crystalline lattices weretherefore places within which one could expect to find unex-pected voltages. Indeed, the high voltages inherent in certainmetallic lattices, intra-atomic field energies, are enormous.The close Coulomb gradient between atomic centers are elec-trostatic potentials reaching humanly unattainable levels. Bycomparison, the voltages which Tesla once succeeded in re-leasing were quite insignificant. In these balanced lattices,Tesla sought the voltages needed to initiate directed æthericstreams in matter. Once such a flow began, one could sim-ply tap the stream for power. In certain materials, these retherstreams might automatically produce the contaminating elec-trons, a source of energy for existing appliances. One couldtheoretically then ”tailor” the materials needed to produce un-expected ætheric power with or without the attendant detri-tal particles. Tesla did mention the latent eethenc power ofcharge forces, the explosive potentials of bound æther, andthe ætheric power inherent in matter. In these studies, Teslasought replacement for the 100,000,000 volt initiating pulseswhich natural law required for the implementation of spaceæther. Tesla had long been forced to abandon those giganticmeans by other, less natural laws. Thereafter, Tesla shifted hisattentions from the appreciation of the gigantic to an appre-ciation of the miniature. He sought a means for proliferatingan immense number of small and compact æther power re-ceivers. With ODe such device, Tesla succeeded in obtainingpower to drive an electric car. But for the exceptional accountwhich follows, we would have little information on this lastperiod in Tesla’s productive life, one which very apparentlydid not cease its prolific streams of creativity to his last breath.The information comes through an unlikely source, one rarely

mentioned by Tesla biographers. It chanced that an aeronauti-cal engineer, Derek Ahlers, met with one of Tesla’s nephewsthen living in New York. Theirs was an acquaintance lastingsome 10 years, consisting largely of anecdotal commentarieson Dr. Tesla. Mr. Save provided an enormous fund of knowl-edge concerning many episodes in Testa’s last years.

Himself an Austrian military man and a trained aviator, Mr.Savo was extremely opened about certain long-cherished inci-dents in which his uncle’s genius was consistently made man-ifest. Mr. Savo reported that in 1931, he participated in anexperiment involving retheric power. Unexpectedly, almostinappropriately, he was asked to accompany his uncle on along train ride to Buffalo. A few times in this journey, Mr.Savo asked the nature of their journey. Dr. Tesla remained un-willing to disclose any information, speaking rather directlyto this issue. Taken into a small garage, Dr. Tesla walked di-rectly to a Pierce Arrow, opened the hood and began makinga few adjustroents. In place of the engine, there was an ACmotor. This measured a little more than 3 feet long, and a lit-tle more than 2 feet in diameter. From it trailed two very thickcables which connected with the dashboard. In addition, therewas an ordinary 12 volt storage battery. The motor was ratedat 80 horsepower. Maximum rotor speed was stated to be 30turns per second. A 6 foot antenna rod was fitted into the rearsection of the car.

Dr. Tesla stepped into the passenger side and began mak-ing adjustments on a ”power receiver” which had been builtdirectly into the dashboard. The receiver, no larger than ashortwave radio of the day, used 12 special tubes which Dr.Tesla brought with him in a boxlike case. The device hadbeen prefitted into the dashboard, no larger than a shortwavereceiver. Mr. Savo told Mr. Ahler that Dr. Tesla built the re-ceiver in his hotel room, a device 2 feet in length, nearly I footwide, a 1(2foot high. These curiously constructed tubes hav-ing been properly installed in their sockets, Dr. Tesla pushedin 2 contact rods and informed Peter that power was now avail-able to drive. Several additional meters read values which Dr.Tesla would not explain. Not sound was heard. Dr. Teslahanded Mr. Savo the ignition key and told him to start theengine, which he promptly did. Yet hearing nothing, the ac-celerator was applied, and the car instantly moved. Tesla’snephew drove this vehicle without other fuel for an undeter-mined long interval. Mr. Savo drove a distance of 50 milesthrough the city and out to the surrounding countryside. Thecar was tested to speeds of 90 mph, with the speedometer ratedto 120.

After a time, and with increasing distance from the city it-self, Dr. Tesla felt free enough to speak. Having now becomesufficiently impressed with the performance of both his deviceand the automobile. Dr. Tesla informed his nephew that thedevice could not only supply the needs of the car forever, butcould also supply the needs of a household ”with power tospare”. When originally asked how the device worked, Teslawas initially adamant and refused to speak. Many who haveread this ”apocryphal account” have stated it to be the resultof an ”energy broadcast”. This misinterpretation has Sim-ply caused further confusions concerning this stage of Tesla’swork. He had very obviously succeeded in performing, with

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this small and compact device, what he had learned in Col-orado and Shoreham.

As soon as they were on the country roads, clear of the morecongested areas, Tesla began to lecture on the subject. Of themotive source he referred to ”a mysterious radiation whichcomes out of the æther”. The small device very obviouslyand effectively appropriated this energy. Tesla also spoke veryglowingly of this providence, saying of the energy itself that”it is available in limitless quantities”. Dr. Tesla stated that al-though ”he did not know where it came form, mankind shouldbe very grateful for its presence”. The two remained in Buf-falo for 8 days, rigorously testing the car in the city and coun-tryside. Dr. Tesla also told Mr. Savo that the device wouldsoon be used to drive boats, planes, trains, and other automo-biles. Once, just before leaving the city limits, they stopped ata streetlight and a bystander joyfully commented concerningtheir lack of exhaust fumes. Mr. Savo spoke up whimsically,saying that they had ”no engine”. They left Buffalo and trav-elled to a predetermined location which Dr. Tesla knew, anold farmhouse bam some 20 miles from Buffalo. Dr. Teslaand Mr. Savo left the car in this bam, took the 12 tubes andthe ignition key, and departed.

Later on, Mr. Savo heard a rumor that a secretary had spo-ken candidly about both the receiver and the test run, beingpromptly fired for the security breach. About a month afterthe incident, Mr. Savo received a call from a man who iden-tified himself as Lee De Forest, who asked how he enjoyedthe car. Mr. Savo expressed his joy over the mysterious affair,and Mr. de Forest declared Tesla the greatest living scientistin the world. Later, Mr. Savo asked his uncle whether or notthe power receiver was being used in other applications. Hewas informed that Dr. Tesla had been negotiating with a majorshipbuilding company to build a boat with a similarly outflt-ted engine. Asked additional questions, Dr. Tesla becameannoyed. Highly concerned and personally strained over thesecurity of this design, it seems obvious that Tesla was per-forming these tests in a desperate degree of secrecy for goodreasons. Tesla had already been the victim of several manip-ulations, deadly actions entirely sourced in a Single financialhouse. For this reason, secrecy and care had become his onlyrecent excess.

XIX. LEGACY

Dr. Nikola Tesla quietly passed away on January 7, 1943.Not many hours after his passing an official operation had

been dispatched for the reclamation of all papers by Tesla.To this end, several figures of the National Defense ResearchCommittee along with key members of the Office of NavalIntelligence. Several thousand complete technical transcriptswere retrieved, the priceless work of his lifetime. Some 80to 100large boxes filled with such completed technical paperswere retrieved in this operation. His safe was opened, andthe contents removed. Of all the agencies, military or aca-demic, it seemed strange that the Naval Research Laboratoryshould serve as prime recipient of this literary treasurehouse.It is said that Tesla acted as an unwilling consultant in theinfamous Project Rainbow, a reason why perhaps Naval Intel-ligence would claim this priority.

Official statements concerning these papers essentially pro-liferate a rumor that these papers contained ”nothing ofworth”. Yet, attempts to retrieve them have been fraught withtechnical restrictions imposed by an agency which knows theirtrue worth. One fact becomes ever clarified with increasingtime. Tesla perfected a science which few yet comprehendor can appreciate. Only when judged against the rigid viewsheld by electrical science, Teslian Technology appears to bean impossibility. In electrical terms, none of the famed Tes-lian claims can be supported.

Prejudicial in their views of Tesla, chiefly the result ofridicule heaped on him by a few envious members of TheRoyal SOciety,Tesla was viewed with increasing concern. Be-cause these individuals did not comprehend the fact that Teslahad indeed abandoned all work on high frequency alternatingcurrents, replacing this with an impulse technology, most con-tinued to deride his work. Then, in order to rationalize whatdemonstrations they saw Tesla performing, an artificial batteryof explanations was concocted from known electrical princi-ples. This is why the contemporary failure to achieve goalsTeslian has been so frustrating and enervating to all those whoso engage. Such results serve only to frustrate electricians,repel academicians, and tantalize military. Of these three,the latter knows the truth. The military forms the only coreof professionals who know with absolute certainty that Teslaachieved what he claimed. How do they know this?The olderremaining officerswitnessed Tesla’s demonstrations. But thisopens a new world of questions. Why had they not appropri-ated his work while he was available to develop his systems tofull perfection? Why had they not given him the much neededlaboratory equipment and staffing, in addition to the commoncourtesies of medical attention and better daily fare, to com-plete his work? But the truth will out. And only the truth nowremains. The rest is silence.