chapter 1 programing

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Chapter 1 programing

HelloWorld.javaBelow is the syntax highlighted version of HelloWorld.java from §1.1 Hello World.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac HelloWorld.java * Execution: java HelloWorld * * Prints "Hello, World". By tradition, tis is everyone!s irst pro#ram.

* * $ java HelloWorld * Hello, World * * %ese &' lines o text are comments. %ey are not part o te pro#ram( * tey serve to remind us a)out its properties. %e irst to lines tell * us at to type to compile and test te pro#ram. %e next line descri)es * te purpose o te pro#ram. %e next e lines #ive a sample execution * o te pro#ram and te resultin# output. We ill alays include suc* lines in our pro#rams and encoura#e you to do te same. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class HelloWorld +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + -ystem.out.println"Hello, World"0( 1

1

UseArgument.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of UseArgument.java from §1.1 Hello World.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac 2se3r#ument.java * Execution: java 2se3r#ument yourname *

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/11hello/HelloWorld.java

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/11hello

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/11hello/UseArgument.java

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/11hello

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/11hello

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/11hello/UseArgument.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/11hello/HelloWorld.java



* Prints "Hi, Bo). Ho are you4" ere "Bo)" is replaced )y te * command5line ar#ument. * * $ java 2se3r#ument Bo) * Hi, Bo). Ho are you4 * * $ java 2se3r#ument 3lice * Hi, 3lice. Ho are you4 * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class 2se3r#ument +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + -ystem.out.print"Hi, "0( -ystem.out.printar#s60( -ystem.out.println". Ho are you4"0( 1

1

TenHelloWorlds.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of TenHelloWorlds.java from §1.1 Hello World.

/*************************************************************************

* Compilation: javac %enHelloWorlds.java * Execution: java %enHelloWorlds * * Prints "Hello, World" ten times. 7ou!ll learn a)out a more * compact ay to do tis in -ection &.8 en e introduce loops. * * $ java %enHelloWorlds * Hello, World * Hello, World * Hello, World * Hello, World * Hello, World * Hello, World * Hello, World * Hello, World * Hello, World * Hello, World * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class %enHelloWorlds +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/11hello/TenHelloWorlds.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/11hello/TenHelloWorlds.java




-ystem.out.println"Hello, World"0( -ystem.out.println"Hello, World"0( -ystem.out.println"Hello, World"0( -ystem.out.println"Hello, World"0( -ystem.out.println"Hello, World"0( -ystem.out.println"Hello, World"0( -ystem.out.println"Hello, World"0( -ystem.out.println"Hello, World"0( -ystem.out.println"Hello, World"0( -ystem.out.println"Hello, World"0( 1

1

Copyright © 2000–2010, Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne.

Lat !pdated" #ri $ec 1% 1&"2%"'0 (S) 2010.

Hi.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Hi.java from §1.1 Hello World.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Hi.java * Execution: java Hi yourname *

* Prints "Hi, Bo). Ho are you4" ere "Bo)" is replaced )y te * command5line parameter. * * $ java Hi Bo) * Hi, Bo). Ho are you4 * * $ java Hi 3lice * Hi, 3lice. Ho are you4 * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Hi +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + -ystem.out.print"Hi, "0( -ystem.out.printar#s60( -ystem.out.println". Ho are you4"0( 1

1

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/11hello/Hi.java








Lat !pdated" #ri $ec 1% 1&"2%"'0 (S) 2010.

UseThree.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of UseThree.java from §1.1 Hello World.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac 2se%ree.java * Execution: java 2se%ree name& name9 name8 * * %aes 8 command5line ar#uments and prints tem in reverse order * in a riendly #reetin#. * * $ java 2se%ree 3lice Bo) Carol * Hi, Carol, Bo), and 3lice. * * $ java 2se%ree Carol Bo) 3lice * Hi, 3lice, Bo), and Carol. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class 2se%ree +


-ystem.out.print"Hi, "0( -ystem.out.printar#s90( -ystem.out.print", "0( -ystem.out.printar#s&0( -ystem.out.print", and "0( -ystem.out.printar#s60( -ystem.out.println"."0( 1

1


Lat !pdated" #ri $ec 1% 1&"2%"'0 (S) 2010.Initials.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Initials.java from §1.1 Hello World.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/11hello/UseThree.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/11hello/Initials.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/11hello/UseThree.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/11hello/Initials.java




/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac ;nitials.java * Execution: java ;nitials * * Prints te initials < = W. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class ;nitials +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + -ystem.out.println"** *** ********** ** ***"0( -ystem.out.println"** *** ** ** ** ***** "0( -ystem.out.println"** *** ** ** ** **** ** "0( -ystem.out.println"** *** ** ** ** **** ** "0( -ystem.out.println"***** ** ** ** **

** ** "0( -ystem.out.println"** *** ** ** ** **** ** "0( -ystem.out.println"** *** ** ** ** **** ** "0( -ystem.out.println"** *** ** ** ****** "0( -ystem.out.println"** *** ********** ** "0( 1

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Lat !pdated" #ri $ec 1% 1&"2%"'0 (S) 2010.

1.2 Built-in Types of Data

Ruler.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of uler.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac >uler.java * Execution: java >uler ** Prints te relative len#ts o te su)divisions on a ruler. ** $ java >uler * &

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/Ruler.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types





* & 9 &* & 9 & 8 & 9 &* & 9 & 8 & 9 & ? & 9 & 8 & 9 &* & 9 & 8 & 9 & ? & 9 & 8 & 9 & @ & 9 & 8 & 9 & ? & 9 & 8 & 9 &* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class >uler +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

-trin# ruler& A " & "( -trin# ruler9 A ruler& "9" ruler&( -trin# ruler8 A ruler9 "8" ruler9( -trin# ruler? A ruler8 "?" ruler8( -trin# ruler@ A ruler? "@" ruler?(

-ystem.out.printlnruler&0( -ystem.out.printlnruler90( -ystem.out.printlnruler80( -ystem.out.printlnruler?0( -ystem.out.printlnruler@0(

1

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Lat !pdated" )!e *ov 1' 1+"2%"'0 (S) 2011.

Intps.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Int%#s.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac ;ntps.java * Execution: java ;ntps a ) ** ;llustrates te inte#er operations a * ), a / ), and a $ ). * * $ java ;ntps &98? DD * &98? DD A &888 * &98? * DD A &99& * &98? / DD A &9 * &98? $ DD A ? * &98? A &9 * DD ? ** $ java ;ntps &6 58 * &6 58 A ' * &6 * 58 A 586 * &6 / 58 A 58 * &6 $ 58 A & * &6 A 58 * 58 &

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/IntOps.java

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/12types

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/IntOps.java




* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class ;ntps +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int a A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( int ) A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s&0( int sum A a )( int prod A a * )( int Fuot A a / )( int rem A a $ )(

-ystem.out.printlna " " ) " A " sum0( -ystem.out.printlna " * " ) " A " prod0( -ystem.out.printlna " / " ) " A " Fuot0( -ystem.out.printlna " $ " ) " A " rem0( -ystem.out.printlna " A " Fuot " * " ) " " rem0( 11

Copyright © 2000–2010, Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne. Lat !pdated" on -an 1 1"10"1 (S) 2011.

Dou!leps.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of $ou&le%#s.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac =ou)leps.java * Execution: java =ou)leps a ) ** ;llustrates te inte#er operations a ), a * ), and a / ). * * $ java =ou)leps &98? DD * &98?.6 DD.6 A &888.6 * &98?.6 * DD.6 A &99&.6 * &98?.6 / DD.6 A &9.???????@ * &98?.6 $ DD.6 A ?.6 * * $ java =ou)leps &6 58 * &6.6 58.6 A '.6 * &6.6 * 58.6 A 586.6 * &6.6 / 58.6 A 58.888888888888888@ * &6.6 $ 58.6 A &.6 ** $ java =ou)leps ;ninity 8 * ;ninity 8.6 A ;ninity * ;ninity * 8.6 A ;ninity * ;ninity / 8.6 A ;ninity

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/DoubleOps.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/DoubleOps.java




* ;ninity $ 8.6 A GaG * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class =ou)leps +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + dou)le a A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s60( dou)le ) A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s&0( dou)le sum A a )( dou)le prod A a * )( dou)le Fuot A a / )( dou)le rem A a $ )(

-ystem.out.printlna " " ) " A " sum0( -ystem.out.printlna " * " ) " A " prod0( -ystem.out.printlna " / " ) " A " Fuot0( -ystem.out.printlna " $ " ) " A " rem0(

-ystem.out.println0(

-ystem.out.println"sinpi/90 A " at.sinat.P;/900( -ystem.out.println"lo#e0 A " at.lo#at.E00(

11


Lat !pdated" on -an 1 1"10"1 (S) 2011.

"ua#rati$.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 'uadrati(.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Iuadratic.java * Execution: java Iuadatic ) c ** Jiven ) and c, solves or te roots o x*x )*x c. * 3ssumes )ot roots are real valued. * * $ java Iuadratic 58.6 9.6 * 9.6 * &.6 * * $ java Iuadratic 5&.6 5&.6 * &.&K688DKK'?DKD@ * 56.&K688DKK'?DKD?D * * >emar: &.&K688D... is te #olden ratio. * * $ java Iuadratic &.6 &.6

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/Quadratic.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/Quadratic.java




* GaG * GaG * * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Iuadratic +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +dou)le ) A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s60(

dou)le c A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s&0(

dou)le discriminant A )*) 5 ?.6*c( dou)le sFroot A at.sFrtdiscriminant0(

dou)le root& A 5) sFroot0 / 9.6( dou)le root9 A 5) 5 sFroot0 / 9.6(

-ystem.out.printlnroot&0( -ystem.out.printlnroot90(

11


Lat !pdated" on -an 1 1"10"1 (S) 2011.

Trig.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Trig.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac %ri#.java * Execution: java %ri# an#le ** ;llustrates various tri# operations. >eads in an an#le in de#rees0, * converts to radians, and perorms various tri#onometric* calculations. * * $ java %ri# * sin86.60 A 6.?DDDDDDDDDDDDDDD? * cos86.60 A 6.K69@?68'K??8K' * tan86.60 A 6.@''8@69D&KD9@' * 6.?DDDDDDDDDDDDDDD? / 6.K69@?68'K??8K' A 6.@''8@69D&KD9@ * 6.9?DDDDDDDDDDDDDD? 6.'@6666666666666& A &.6 * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class %ri# +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

dou)le de#rees A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s60( dou)le radians A at.to>adiansde#rees0(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/Trig.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/Trig.java




dou)le s A at.sinradians0( -ystem.out.println"sin" de#rees "0 A " s0(

dou)le c A at.cosradians0( -ystem.out.println"cos" de#rees "0 A " c0(

dou)le t A at.tanradians0( -ystem.out.println"tan" de#rees "0 A " t0( -ystem.out.printlns " / " c " A " s / c0(

dou)le r A s*s c*c( -ystem.out.printlns*s " " c*c " A " r0( 11


Lat !pdated" on -an 1 1"10"1 (S) 2011.

%eap&ear.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of )ea#*ear.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Leap7ear.java * Execution: java Leap7ear G *

* Prints true i G corresponds to a leap year, and alse oterise. * 3ssumes G MA &@K9, correspondin# to a year in te Jre#orian calendar. * * $ java Leap7ear 966? * true * * $ java Leap7ear &D66 * alse * * $ java Leap7ear 9666 * true * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Leap7ear +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

int year A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( )oolean isLeap7ear(

// divisi)le )y ? isLeap7ear A year $ ? AA 60(

// divisi)le )y ? and not &66

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/LeapYear.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/LeapYear.java




isLeap7ear A isLeap7ear NN year $ &66 OA 60(

// divisi)le )y ? and not &66 unless divisi)le )y ?66 isLeap7ear A isLeap7ear year $ ?66 AA 60(

-ystem.out.printlnisLeap7ear0( 11


Lat !pdated" on -an 1 1"10"1 (S) 2011.

Ran#omInt.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of andomInt.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac >andom;nt.java * Execution: java >andom;nt G ** Prints a pseudo5random inte#er )eteen 6 and G5&. * ;llustrate an explicit type conversion cast0 rom dou)le to int. * * $ java >andom;nt * 7our random inte#er is: @ * * $ java >andom;nt

* 7our random inte#er is: 6 * * $ java >andom;nt &666 * 7our random inte#er is: &9D * * $ java >andom;nt &666 * 7our random inte#er is: 888 * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class >andom;nt +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60(

// a pseudo5random real )eteen 6.6 and &.6 dou)le r A at.random0(

// a pseudo5random inte#er )eteen 6 and G5& int n A int0 r * G0(

-ystem.out.println"7our random inte#er is: " n0( 11

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/RandomInt.java








Lat !pdated" on -an 1 1"10"1 (S) 2011.

Appen#i' A( perator )re$e#en$e in *ava

+ava has well"defined rules for s#e(ifying the order in whi(h the o#erators in an ex#ression are

evaluated when the ex#ression has several o#erators. ,or exam#le- multi#li(ation and division

have a higher #re(eden(e than addition and su&tra(tion. re(eden(e rules (an &e overridden &y

ex#li(it #arentheses.

Precedence Order.+hen t,o operators share an operan# the operator ,ith the higher precedence

goes rst. or e'ample/ 1 0 2 is treate# as 1 0 32 4/ ,hereas 1 2 0 is

treate# as 31 24 0 sin$e multipli$ation has a higher pre$e#en$e than a##ition.

Associativity.+hen t,o operators ,ith the same pre$e#en$e the e'pression is evaluate#

a$$or#ing to its associativity . or e'ample x A y A Q A &' is treate# as x A y A Q

A &'00/ leaving all three varia!les ,ith the value 15/ sin$e the A operator has right-

to-left asso$iativity 3an# an assignment statement evaluates to the value on the

right han# si#e4. n the other han#/ '9 / 9 / 8 is treate# as '9 / 90 / 8 sin$e the

/ operator has left-to-right asso$iativity.

Precedence and associativity of Java operators.

The ta!le !elo, sho,s all *ava operators from highest to lo,est pre$e#en$e/ along,ith their asso$iativity. 6ost programmers #o not memori7e them all/ an# even

those that #o still use parentheses for $larity.

Operator Description Level Associativity

.

0

55

a$$ess array element

a$$ess o!je$t mem!er

invo8e a metho#

post-in$rement

post-#e$rement

1 left to right

55

5

pre-in$rement

pre-#e$rement

unary plus

unary minus

2 right to left



O

R logi$al 9T

!it,ise 9T

0

ne $ast

o!je$t $reation right to left

*

/

$ multipli$ative : left to right

5

a##itive

string $on$atenation; left to right

SS MM

MMM shift < left to right

S SAM MA

instanceo

relational

type $omparison5 left to right

AA

OA e=uality > left to right

N !it,ise A9D ? left to right

T !it,ise @R 1 left to right

!it,ise R 11 left to right

NN $on#itional A9D 12 left to right

$on#itional R 1 left to right

4: $on#itional 1: right to left

A A 5A *A /A $A

NA TA ASSA MMA MMMA

assignment 1; right to left

Caveats. There is no e'pli$it operator pre$e#en$e ta!le in the *ava %anguage pe$i$ation

an# #iCerent ta!les on the +e! an# in te't!oo8s #isagree in some minor ,ays.



Order of evaluation.In *ava/ the left operan# is al,ays evaluate# !efore the right operan#. Also applies

to fun$tion arguments.

Short circ!iting . When using the (onditional A/$ and % o#erators 0NN and - +ava does not

evaluate the se(ond o#erand unless it is ne(essary to resolve the result. Allows statements li2e is OA null NN s.len#t0 S &60 to wor2 relia&ly. rogrammers rarely use the non short"

(ir(uiting versions 0N and with )oolean ex#ressions.

Precedence order gone awry.ometimes the pre$e#en$e or#er #ene# in a language #o not $onform ,ith

mathemati$al norms. or e'ample/ in 6i$rosoft '$el/ -aE! is interprete# as 3-a4E!

instea# of -3aE!4. o -1E2 is e=ual to 1 instea# of -1/ ,hi$h is the values most

mathemati$ians ,oul# e'pe$t. 6i$rosoft a$8no,le#ges this =uir8 as a F#esign

$hoi$eF. ne ,on#ers ,hether the programmer ,as relying on the G pre$e#en$e

or#er in ,hi$h unary operators have higher pre$e#en$e than !inary operators. Thisrule agrees ,ith mathemati$al $onventions for all G operators/ !ut fails ,ith the

a##ition of the e'ponentiation operator. n$e the or#er ,as esta!lishe# in 6i$rosoft

'$el 2./ it $oul# not easily !e $hange# ,ithout !rea8ing !a$8,ar# $ompati!ility.

Exercises.

1. +hat is the result of the follo,ing $o#e fragment

int x A @(int y A &6(int Q A x * y55(

2. +hat is the result of the follo,ing $o#e fragment 'plain.

-ystem.out.println"& 9 A " & 90(-ystem.out.println"& 9 A " & 900(

Answer ( & 9 A &9 an# & 9 A 8/ respe$tively. If either 3or !oth4 of the

operan#s of the operator is a string/ the other is automati$ally $ast to a

string. tring $on$atenation an# a##ition have the same pre$e#en$e. in$e

they are left-asso$iative/ the operators are evaluate# left-to-right. The

parentheses in the se$on# statement ensures that the se$on# operator

performs a##ition instea# of string $on$atenation.

. A## parentheses to the follo,ing e'pression to ma8e the or#er of evaluationmore $lear.

year $ ? AA 6 NN year $ &66 OA 6 year $ ?66 AA 6

http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q132/6/86.asp

http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q132/6/86.asp



Answer ( %eap&ear.java sho,s a variety of e=uivalent e'pressions/ in$lu#ing

the follo,ing reasona!le alternative.

year $ ? AA 60 NN year $ &66 OA 600 year $ ?66 AA 60

:. +hat #oes the follo,ing $o#e fragment print

-ystem.out.println& 9 "a)c"0(-ystem.out.println"a)c" & 90(

/nwer 3 8a)c and a)c&9- res#e(tively. The 4 o#erator is left asso(iative- whether it is

string (on(atenation or arithmeti( #lus.

Lat odiied on /pri 10, 201.

5o#yright 6 !77!8!71! o&ert 9edgewi(2 and :evin Wayne. All rights reserved.

umfT,oDi$e.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9um%fTwo$i(e.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of

$ata.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -um%o=ice.java * Execution: java -um%o=ice ** Jenerate 9 inte#ers )eteen & and , and print teir sum. ** $ java -um%o=ice * @ * * $ java -um%o=ice * D * * $ java -um%o=ice

* 8 * * $ java -um%o=ice * && * * $ java -um%o=ice * K * * $ java -um%o=ice * '

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/11precedence/LeapYear.java.html

http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~rs

http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~wayne


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/SumOfTwoDice.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/11precedence/LeapYear.java.html

http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~rs


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/SumOfTwoDice.java





* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class -um%o=ice +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

int -;=E- A ( int a A & int0 at.random0 * -;=E-0( int ) A & int0 at.random0 * -;=E-0( int sum A a )( -ystem.out.printlnsum0( 11


Lat !pdated" on -an 1 1"10"1 (S) 2011.

pringeason.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9#ring9eason.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -prin#-eason.java * Execution: java day mont ** Prints true i te #iven day and mont all )eteen arc 96 inclusive0 * and Uune 96 inclusive0. ** $ java -prin#-eason 8 96

* true * * $ java -prin#-eason 96 * true * * $ java -prin#-eason ? &@ * true * * $ java -prin#-eason D && * alse * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class -prin#-eason +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

int mont A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( int day A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s&0( )oolean is-prin# A mont AA 8 NN day MA 96 NN day SA 8&0 mont AA ? NN day MA & NN day SA 860 mont AA @ NN day MA & NN day SA 8&0 mont AA NN day MA & NN day SA 960(

-ystem.out.printlnis-prin#0(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/SpringSeason.java







11


Lat !pdated" #ri /!g ' 0&"+3" ($) 2011.

+in#Ghill.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Wind5hill.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac WindCill.java * Execution: java WindCill t v * * Jiven te temperature t in Vareneit0 and te ind speed v * in miles per our0, compute te ind cill usin# te ormula * rom te Gational Weater -ervice * * A 8@.'? 6.9&@*t 6.?9'@*t 5 8@.'@0 * v T 6.& * * >eerence: ttp://.ns.noaa.#ov/om/indcill/index.stml * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class WindCill + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + dou)le t A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s60(

dou)le v A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s&0( dou)le A 8@.'? 6.9&@*t 6.?9'@*t 5 8@.'@0 * at.pov, 6.&0( -ystem.out.println"%emperature A " t0( -ystem.out.println"Wind speed A " v0( -ystem.out.println"Wind cill A " 0( 1

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Lat !pdated" on -an 1 1"10"1 (S) 2011.

GartesianTo)olar.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 5artesianToolar.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of

$ata.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/WindChill.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/CartesianToPolar.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/WindChill.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/CartesianToPolar.java





/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Cartesian%oPolar.java * Execution: java Cartesian%oPolar x y ** >ead in Cartesian coordinates x, y0 and print out polar coordinates * r, teta0. * * $ java Cartesian%oPolar 8.6 ?.6 * r A @.6 * teta A 6.D9'9D@9&K66&&99 * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Cartesian%oPolar +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

dou)le x A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s60( dou)le y A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s&0(

dou)le r A at.sFrtx*x y*y0( dou)le teta A at.atan9y, x0(

-ystem.out.println"r A " r0( -ystem.out.println"teta A " teta0( 1

1


Lat !pdated" #ri /!g ' 0&"'0"1 ($) 2011.

Dayf+ee8.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of $ay%fWee2.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac =ayWee.java * Execution: java =ayWee m d y * * >ead in te mont m0, day d0, and year y0 and print out at * day o te ee it alls on accordin# to te Jre#orian calendar. * Vor use & or Uanuary, 9 or Ve)ruary, and so ort. utputs * 6 or -unday, & or onday, and so ort. * * y6 A y 5 &? 5 m0 / &9 * x A y6 y6/? 5 y6/&66 y6/?66 * m6 A m &9 * &? 5 m0 / &90 5 9 * d A d x 8&*m60/&90 mod ' * * * $ java =ayWee K 9 &D@8 // 3u#ust 9, &D@8 * 6 // -unday

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/DayOfWeek.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/DayOfWeek.java




* * $ java =ayWee & & 9666 // Uanuary &, 9666 * // -aturday * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class =ayWee + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

int m A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( int d A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s&0( int y A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s90(

int y6 A y 5 &? 5 m0 / &9( int x A y6 y6/? 5 y6/&66 y6/?66( int m6 A m &9 * &? 5 m0 / &90 5 9( int d6 A d x 8&*m60/&90 $ '(

-ystem.out.printlnd60( 1

1


Lat !pdated" #ri /!g ' 0&"+&"14 ($) 2011.

tats;.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9tats;.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac [email protected] * Execution: java -tats@ ** Jenerate and print @ random values )eteen 6.6 and &.6, and print * teir avera#e value, min value, and max value. * * $ java -tats@ * * 6.'968@8'9'D&&'K?& * 6.6D@'??8@&@''8K??K * 6.KD'D'?&D898&K * 6.&&D?D689&K?8@@&&8 * 6.98?9@@&D@?@8D'@?? * 3vera#e A 6.?&8@8@@899&D'8 * in A 6.6D@'??8@&@''8K??K * ax A 6.KD'D'?&D898&K * * $ java -tats@ * 6.9@@98K9&''8@@?&8? * 6.@''&8&D89?9?DK' * 6.&?&'6998@88D?&DK?

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/Stats5.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/Stats5.java




* 6.9@8???KD@99& * 6.KD@8'?D@'9&'DD * 3vera#e A 6.??86'?&K6D'8K?9? * in A 6.&?&'6998@88D?&DK? * ax A 6.KD@8'?D@'9&'DD * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class -tats@ +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

int G A @( dou)le x& A at.random0( dou)le x9 A at.random0( dou)le x8 A at.random0( dou)le x? A at.random0( dou)le x@ A at.random0(

// print @ values -ystem.out.printlnx&0( -ystem.out.printlnx90(

-ystem.out.printlnx80( -ystem.out.printlnx?0( -ystem.out.printlnx@0(

// compute stats dou)le min A at.minx&, at.minx9, at.minx8, at.minx?,x@0000( dou)le max A at.maxx&, at.maxx9, at.maxx8, at.maxx?,x@0000( dou)le avera#e A x& x9 x8 x? x@0 / G(

// print stats -ystem.out.println"3vera#e A " avera#e0( -ystem.out.println"in A " min0( -ystem.out.println"ax A " max0( 11


Lat !pdated" #ri /!g ' 0&"+3" ($) 2011.

Threeort.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Three9ort.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac %ree-ort.java * Execution: java %ree-ort a ) c ** >ead 8 inte#er values rom te command line and print tem

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/ThreeSort.java







* in ascendin# order. * * $ java %ree-ort &' @6 88 * &' * 88 * @6 * * $ java %ree-ort @6 88 &' * &' * 88 * @6 * * $ java %ree-ort &' @6 &' * &' * &' * @6 * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class %ree-ort +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +int a A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60(

int ) A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s&0( int c A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s90(

// compute stats int min A at.mina, at.min), c00( int max A at.maxa, at.max), c00( int median A a ) c 5 min 5 max(

// print stats -ystem.out.printlnmin0( -ystem.out.printlnmedian0( -ystem.out.printlnmax0( 11


Lat !pdated" #ri -an 2% 0+"2"10 (S) 2012.

Dragon.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of $ragon.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac =ra#on.java * Execution: java =ra#on ** Prints te instructions or drain# a dra#on curve o orders 6 * trou# @.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/Dragon.java







** $ java =ra#on * V * VLV * VLVLV>V * VLVLV>VLVLV>V>V * VLVLV>VLVLV>V>VLVLVLV>V>VLV>V>V * VLVLV>VLVLV>V>VLVLVLV>V>VLV>V>VLVLVLV>VLVLV>V>V>VLVLV>V>VLV>V>V * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class =ra#on +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

-trin# dra#on6 A "V"( -trin# no#ard6 A "V"( -trin# dra#on& A dra#on6 "L" no#ard6( -trin# no#ard& A dra#on6 ">" no#ard6( -trin# dra#on9 A dra#on& "L" no#ard&( -trin# no#ard9 A dra#on& ">" no#ard&( -trin# dra#on8 A dra#on9 "L" no#ard9(

-trin# no#ard8 A dra#on9 ">" no#ard9( -trin# dra#on? A dra#on8 "L" no#ard8( -trin# no#ard? A dra#on8 ">" no#ard8( -trin# dra#on@ A dra#on? "L" no#ard?(

-ystem.out.printlndra#on60( -ystem.out.printlndra#on&0( -ystem.out.printlndra#on90( -ystem.out.printlndra#on80( -ystem.out.printlndra#on?0( -ystem.out.printlndra#on@0( 1

1

Copyright © 2000–2010, Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne. Lat !pdated" on -an 1 1"10"1 (S) 2011.

Distan$e.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of $istan(e.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac =istance.java * Execution: java =istance x y ** Print te distance rom x, y0 to te ori#in, ere x and y * are inte#ers. ** $ java =istance 8 ? * distance rom 8, ?0 to 6, 60 A @.6

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/Distance.java








* * $ java =istance @ &9 * distance rom @, &90 to 6, 60 A &8.6 * * $ java =istance 9 & * distance rom 9, &0 to 6, 60 A 9.986'D''?DD'D * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class =istance + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// parse x5 and y5coordinates rom command5line ar#uments int x A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( int y A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s&0(

// compute distance to 6, 60 dou)le dist A at.sFrtx*x y*y0(

// output distance

-ystem.out.println"distance rom " x ", " y "0 to 6, 60 A " dist0( 11


Lat !pdated" on -an 1 1"10"1 (S) 2011.

,ap.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9wa#.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -ap.java * Execution: java -ap a ) * * >ead in to inte#er command5line ar#uments a and ) and * sap teir values usin# te sappin# idiom descri)ed on p. &'. * 3ter eac assi#nment statement, use -ystem.out.println0 to * print out a trace o te varia)les. * * $ java -ap && DD * a A &&, ) A DD, c A 6 * a A &&, ) A DD, c A && * a A DD, ) A DD, c A && * a A DD, ) A &&, c A && * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class -ap + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/Swap.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/Swap.java




int a A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( int ) A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s&0( int c A 6(

-ystem.out.println"a A " a ", ) A " ) ", c A " c0(c A a(

-ystem.out.println"a A " a ", ) A " ) ", c A " c0(a A )(

-ystem.out.println"a A " a ", ) A " ) ", c A " c0() A c(

-ystem.out.println"a A " a ", ) A " ) ", c A " c0(1

1


Lat !pdated" on -an 1 1"10"1 (S) 2011.

Divisi!ility.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of $ivisi&ility.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

Divisi!ility.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of $ivisi&ility.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/*************************************************************************

* Compilation: javac Divisibility.java

* Execution: java Divisibility X Y

*

* Reads in two command line inputs X and Y and prints true i! bot"

* are divisible by #$ and !alse ot"erwise.

*

* % java Divisibility &' (&

* true

* * % java Divisibility ' (&

* !alse

*

* % java Divisibility &)) ())

* !alse

*

* a % # is t"e remainder w"en you divide # into a. ! t"e remainder

* is )$ t"en a is divisible by #.

*

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/Divisibility.java














*************************************************************************/

pu)lic class =ivisi)ility + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int A ;nte#er. parseIntar#s60( int 7 A ;nte#er. parseIntar#s&0(

)oolean is=ivisi)le A $ ' AA 60 NN 7 $ ' AA 60(

-ystem.out. printlnis=ivisi)le0( 11


Lat !pdated" on -an 1 1"10"1 (S) 2011.

Copyright © 2000–2011, Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne. Lat !pdated" #ri ar 2 0&"3"+0 ($) 2012.

Gar%oan.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 5ar)oan.java from §1.! Built"in Ty#es of $ata.

/*************************************************************************

* Compilation: javac CarLoan.java * Execution: java CarLoan P 7 > * * Calculate te montly payments i you tae out a XP loan or * 7 years it annual interest rate > $, ere interested is * compounded montly. * * P r * payment A 55555555555555555 ere n A &9 * 7, r A > / &9 / &66 * & 5 & r0T5n0 * * * $ java CarLoan 96666 @ * ontly payments A 8K.@686@KK@@@

* %otal interest A 8&DD.8&K8@8&8D89 * * * Bu#s * 5555 * =oes not or i > A 6$ interest. Easy to ix i you no a)out * i5else statements. * *************************************************************************/

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/12types/CarLoan.java







pu)lic class CarLoan + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + dou)le P A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s60( dou)le 7 A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s&0( dou)le > A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s90(

dou)le r A > / &9 / &66( // montly interest rate dou)le n A &9 * 7( // num)er o monts

dou)le payment A P * r0 / & 5 at.po&r, 5n00( dou)le interest A payment * n 5 P(

-ystem.out.println"ontly payments A " payment0( -ystem.out.println"%otal interest A " interest0( 1

1


Lat !pdated" on -an 1 1"10"1 (S) 2011.

1. Gon#itionals an# %oops

lip.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of ,li#.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Vlip.java * Execution: java Vlip ** -imulate a air coin lip and print out "Heads" or "%ails" accordin#ly. * * $ java Vlip * Heads * * $ java Vlip * Heads * * $ java Vlip

* %ails * * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Vlip +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +// at.random0 returns a value )eteen 6.6 and &.6

// so it it eads or tails @6$ o te time

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Flip.java

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/13flow

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Flip.java




i at.random0 S 6.@0 -ystem.out.println"Heads"0( else -ystem.out.println"%ails"0( 11

Copyright © 2000–2010, Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne. Lat !pdated" Wed #eb 3 04"'4"+4 (S) 2011.

TenHellos.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of TenHellos.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac %enHellos.java * Execution: java %enHellos ** Prints it Hello or i A & to &6. ;lllustrates usin# a ile loop * or a repetitive tas. * * $ java %enHellos * &st Hello * 9nd Hello* 8rd Hello * ?t Hello * @t Hello * t Hello * 't Hello * Kt Hello

* Dt Hello * &6t Hello * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class %enHellos +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// print out special cases ose ordinal doesn!t end in t -ystem.out.println"&st Hello"0( -ystem.out.println"9nd Hello"0( -ystem.out.println"8rd Hello"0(

// count rom i A ? to &6 int i A ?( ile i SA &60 + -ystem.out.printlni "t Hello"0( i A i &( 1

11

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/TenHellos.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/TenHellos.java





Lat !pdated" Wed #eb 3 04"'4"+4 (S) 2011.

)o,ersfT,o.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of owers%fTwo.java from §1.< 5onditionals and

)oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Poers%o.java * Execution: java Poers%o G ** %is pro#ram taes a command5line ar#ument G and prnts a ta)le o * te poers o 9 tat are less tan or eFual to 9TG. * * $ java Poers%o @

* 6 & * & 9 * 9 ? * 8 K * ? & * @ 89 * * $ java Poers%o * 6 & * & 9 * 9 ? * 8 K * ? &

* @ 89 * ? * * >emars * 555555555555 * nly ors i 6 SA G S 8& since 9T8& overlos an int. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Poers%o + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// read in one command5line ar#ument int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60(

int i A 6( // count rom 6 to G5& int poer%o A &( // te it poer o to

// repeat until i eFuals G ile i SA G0 + -ystem.out.printlni " " poer%o0( // print out te poero to

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/PowersOfTwo.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/PowersOfTwo.java





poer%o A 9 * poer%o( // dou)le to #et tenext one i A i &( 1

11



Harmoni$.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Harmoni(.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Harmonic.java * Execution: java Harmonic G ** Prints te Gt armonic num)er: &/& &/9 ... &/G. ** $ java Harmonic &6 * 9.D9KDK9@8DK9@8K * * $ java Harmonic &6666

* D.'K'6686??8?K * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Harmonic +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// command5line ar#ument int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60(

// compute &/& &/9 &/8 ... &/G dou)le sum A 6.6( or int i A &( i SA G( i0 +

sum A &.6 / i( 1

// print out Gt armonic num)er -ystem.out.printlnsum0( 1

1

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Harmonic.java










=rt.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9=rt.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -Frt.java * Execution: java -Frt c ** Computes te sFuare root o a nonne#ative num)er c usin# * Geton!s metod: * 5 initialiQe t A c * 5 replace t it te avera#e o c/t and t

* 5 repeat until desired accuracy reaced ** $ java -Frt 9 * &.?&?9&8@98'86D@ * * $ java -Frt &666666 * &666.6 * * $ java -Frt 6.? * 6.89?@@@89688'@D * * $ java -Frt &6?K@'@ * &698.DDD@&&'&K88 ** $ java -Frt &???? * ?6K9.9&6'@69&868 * * $ java -Frt 6 * 6.6 ** $ java -Frt &e5@6 * D.DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDE59 * * * >emars * 5555555555 * 5 usin# at.a)s0 is reFuired i c S &

* * * <non )u#s * 5555555555 * 5 #oes into an ininite loop i te input is ne#ative * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class -Frt +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Sqrt.java








// read in te command5line ar#ument dou)le c A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s60( dou)le epsilon A &e5&@( // relative error tolerance dou)le t A c( // estimate o te sFuare root o c

// repeatedly apply Geton update step until desired precision isacieved ile at.a)st 5 c/t0 M epsilon*t0 + t A c/t t0 / 9.6( 1

// print out te estimate o te sFuare root o c -ystem.out.printlnt0( 1

1


Binary.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Binary.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Binary.java

* Execution: java Binary n ** Prints out n in )inary. ** $ java Binary @ * &6& * * $ java Binary &6 * &&6&6&6 * * $ java Binary 6 * 6 ** $ java Binary & * &6666 * * Limitations * 55555555555 * =oes not andle ne#ative inte#ers. * * >emars * 5555555 * could use ;nte#er.toBinary-trin#G0 instead.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Binary.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Binary.java




* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Binary +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// read in te command5line ar#ument int n A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60(

// set v to te lar#est poer o to tat is SA n int v A &( ile v SA n/90 + v A v * 9( 1

// cec or presence o poers o 9 in n, rom lar#est to smallest ile v M 60 +

// v is not present in ni n S v0 +

-ystem.out.print60( 1

// v is present in n, so remove v rom n else + -ystem.out.print&0( n A n 5 v( 1

// next smallest poer o 9 v A v / 9( 1


1

1



am!ler.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of >am&ler.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Jam)ler.java * Execution: java Jam)ler stae #oal G ** -imulates a #am)ler o start it Xstae and place air X& )ets

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Gambler.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Gambler.java




* until se #oes )roe or reac X#oal. <eeps trac o te num)er o * times se ins and te num)er o )ets se maes. >un te experiment G * times, avera#es te results, and prints tem out. * * $ java Jam)ler @6 9@6 &666 * Percent o #ames on A &D.6 * 3v# Y )ets A D'.869 * * $ java Jam)ler @6 &@6 &666 * Percent o #ames on A 8&.D * 3v# Y )ets A ?D&9.&8 * * $ java Jam)ler @6 &66 &666 * Percent o #ames on A ?D. * 3v# Y )ets A [email protected]@9 * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Jam)ler +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int stae A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( // #am)ler!s statin#)anroll int #oal A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s&0( // #am)ler!s desired)anroll int % A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s90( // num)er o trials toperorm

int )ets A 6( // total num)er o )ets made int ins A 6( // total num)er o #ames on

// repeat G times or int t A 6( t S %( t0 +

// do one #am)ler!s ruin simulation int cas A stae( ile cas M 6 NN cas S #oal0 + )ets( i at.random0 S 6.@0 cas( // in X& else cas55( // lose X& 1 i cas AA #oal0 ins( // did #am)ler #o acievedesired #oal4 1

// print results -ystem.out.printlnins " ins o " %0(

-ystem.out.println"Percent o #ames on A " &66.6 * ins / %0( -ystem.out.println"3v# Y )ets A " &.6 * )ets / %0( 1

1





a$tors.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of ,a(tors.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Vactors.java * Execution: java Vactors G ** Computes te prime actoriQation o G usin# )rute orce. * * $ java Vactors K& * %e prime actoriQation o K& is: 8 8 8 8* * $ java Vactors &K * %e prime actoriQation o &K is: 9 9 9 8 '

* * $ java Vactors ?????????? * %e prime actoriQation o ?????????? is: 9 9 && ?& 9'& D6D&* * $ java Vactors ??????????????8 * %e prime actoriQation o ??????????????8 is: ??????????????8 ** $ java Vactors &666666&?666666?D * %e prime actoriQation o &666666&?666666?D is: &6666666' &6666666'* * $ java Vactors &6666666&?6666666?D * %e prime actoriQation o &6666666&?6666666?D is: &66666666' &66666666' * * $ java Vactors D96&&&&&D'@@@@@?D

* %e prime actoriQation o D96&&&&&D'@@@@@?D is: 86888888?8 86888888?8* * Can use tese or timin# tests 5 )i##est 8, , D, &9, &@, and &K di#itprimes * $ java Vactors DD' * $ java Vactors DDDDK8 * $ java Vactors DDDDDDD8' * $ java Vactors DDDDDDDDDDKD * $ java Vactors DDDDDDDDDDDDDKD * $ java Vactors DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDKD * * >emars * 5555555

* 5 %ests i*i SA G instead o i SA G or eiciency. * * 5 %e last to examples still tae a e minutes. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Vactors +


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Factors.java

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Factors.java




// command5line ar#ument lon# n A Lon#.parseLon#ar#s60(

-ystem.out.print"%e prime actoriQation o " n " is: "0(

// or eac potential actor i or lon# i A 9( i*i SA n( i0 +

// i i is a actor o G, repeatedly divide it out ile n $ i AA 60 + -ystem.out.printi " "0(

n A n / i( 1 1

// i )i##est actor occurs only once, n M & i n M &0 -ystem.out.printlnn0( else -ystem.out.println0( 11

Copyright © 2000–2011, Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne. Lat !pdated" )h! #eb 3 1%"+"& (S) 2012.

)rime.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of rime.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Primes.java * Execution: java Primes G ** =etermines eter or not G is prime. * * $ java Prime K& * K& is not prime * * $ java Prime &' * &' is prime * * $ java Prime 86K?89?D&?KD * 86K?89?D&?KD is not prime * * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Prime +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +lon# G A Lon#.parseLon#ar#s60(

)oolean isPrime A true(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Prime.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Prime.java




i G S 90 isPrime A alse(

// try all possi)le actors i o G // i i G as a actor, ten it as one less tan or eFual tosFrtG0, // so or eiciency e only need to cec i SA sFrtG0 oreFuivalently i*i SA G or lon# i A 9( i*i SA G( i0 +

// i i divides evenly into G, G is not prime, so )rea out oloop i G $ i AA 60 + isPrime A alse( )rea( 1 1

// print out eter or not G is prime i isPrime0 -ystem.out.printlnG " is prime"0( else -ystem.out.printlnG " is not prime"0(

11


Lat !pdated" )h! #eb 2 1+"'+"1' (S) 2012.

ive)er%ine.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of ,iveer)ine.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac VivePerLine.java * Execution: java VivePerLine ** Print te inte#ers rom &666 to 9666, @ per line. * * $ java VivePerLine * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class VivePerLine +


// print inte#ers rom &666 to 9666, @ per line int start A &666, end A 9666( or int i A start( i SA end( i0 + -ystem.out.printi " "0( i i $ @ AA ?0 -ystem.out.println0( 1 -ystem.out.println0(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/FivePerLine.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/FivePerLine.java




11


Lat !pdated" Wed #eb 3 04"'4"+4 (S) 2011.Ruler9.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of uler/.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac >ulerG.java * Execution: java >ulerG G ** Prints te relative len#ts o te su)divisions on a ruler or * order G. ** $ java >ulerG 8 * &* & 9 &* & 9 & 8 & 9 &* * $ java >ulerG @ * &* & 9 &* & 9 & 8 & 9 &

* & 9 & 8 & 9 & ? & 9 & 8 & 9 &* & 9 & 8 & 9 & ? & 9 & 8 & 9 & @ & 9 & 8 & 9 & ? & 9 & 8 & 9 &

** $ java >ulerG &66 * a lot o output, ten * Exception in tread "main" java.lan#.utemoryError * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class >ulerG +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +


// ruler o order 6 -trin# ruler A " "(

// repeat G times or int i A &( i SA G( i0 +

// concatenate a ruler o order 6, te num)er i, and a ruler oorder 6 ruler A ruler i ruler(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/RulerN.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/RulerN.java




// print out te inal result -ystem.out.printlnruler0( 1

11



un$tionro,th.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of ,un(tion>rowth.java from §1.< 5onditionals and

)oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac VunctionJrot.java * Execution: java VunctionJrot * * Print out ln G, G, G lo# G, GT9, GT8 or G A 9, ?, K, ..., 96?K. * * $ java VunctionJrot * lo# G G G lo# G GT9 GT8 * 6 9 & ? K * & ? @ & ? * 9 K & ? @&9 * 9 & ?? 9@ ?6D * 8 89 &&6 &69? 89'K * ? ? 9 ?6D 99&?? * ? &9K 9& &8K? 96D'&@9 * @ 9@ &?&D @@8 &'''9& * @&9 8&D? 99&?? &8?9&''9K * &69? '6D' &6?K@' &6'8'?&K9? * ' 96?K &@&@ ?&D?86? K@KDD8?@D9 **************************************************************************/

pu)lic class VunctionJrot +


-ystem.out.println"lo# G ZtG ZtG lo# GZtGT9 ZtGT8"0( or lon# i A 9( i SA 96?K( i *A 90 + -ystem.out.printint0 at.lo#i00( -ystem.out.print!Zt!0( // ta) caracter -ystem.out.printi0( -ystem.out.print!Zt!0(

-ystem.out.printint0 i * at.lo#i000( -ystem.out.print!Zt!0(

-ystem.out.printi * i0( -ystem.out.print!Zt!0(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/FunctionGrowth.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/FunctionGrowth.java





-ystem.out.printi * i * i0( -ystem.out.println0( 1 11


Ramanujan.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of amanujan.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac >amanujan.java * Execution: java >amanujan G ** Prints out any num)er )eteen & and G tat can )e expressed as te * sum o to cu)es in to or more0 dierent ays. * * $ java >amanujan &'9K * * $ java >amanujan &'9D * &'9D A &T8 &9T8 A DT8 &6T8 * * $ java >amanujan &6666 * &'9D A &T8 &9T8 A DT8 &6T8 * ?&6? A 9T8 &T8 A DT8 &@T8

* * $ java >amanujan &66666 * &'9D A &T8 &9T8 A DT8 &6T8 * ?&6? A 9T8 &T8 A DT8 &@T8 * &8K89 A 9T8 9?T8 A &KT8 96T8 * 8D8&9 A 9T8 8?T8 A &@T8 88T8 * ?K8 A 8T8 8T8 A 9'T8 86T8 * 89K89 A ?T8 89T8 A &KT8 86T8 * ?6688 A DT8 8?T8 A &T8 88T8 * 96K8 A &6T8 9'T8 A &DT8 9?T8 * @'9K A &9T8 ?6T8 A 8&T8 88T8 * ?989 A &'T8 8DT8 A 9T8 8T8 * * $ java >amanujan &66666666 sort 5n // sort results numerically in 2nix * &'9D A &T8 &9T8 A DT8 &6T8 * ... * K'@8D8&D A &'T8 ?8T8 A 99KT8 ?98T8 * K'@8D8&D A &'T8 ?8T8 A 9@@T8 ?&?T8 * K'@8D8&D A 99KT8 ?98T8 A 9@@T8 ?&?T8 * ... * * Bu#s * 5555

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Ramanujan.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Ramanujan.java




* ; a num)er can )e expressed as a sum o cu)es in more tan to * dierent ays, te pro#ram prints some duplicates. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class >amanujan +



// or eac a, ), c, d, cec eter aT8 )T8 A cT8 dT8 or int a A &( a SA G( a0 + int a8 A a*a*a( i a8 M G0 )rea(

// start at a to avoid print out duplicate or int ) A a( ) SA G( )0 + int )8 A )*)*)(

i a8 )8 M G0 )rea(

// start at a & to avoid printin# out duplicates or int c A a &( c SA G( c0 + int c8 A c*c*c( i c8 M a8 )80 )rea(

// start at c to avoid printin# out duplicates or int d A c( d SA G( d0 + int d8 A d*d*d( i c8 d8 M a8 )80 )rea(

i c8 d8 AA a8 )80 + -ystem.out.printa8)80 " A "0( -ystem.out.printa "T8 " ) "T8 A "0(

-ystem.out.printc "T8 " d "T8"0(-ystem.out.println0(

1 1 1 1 1 11


Dragon.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of $ragon.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Dragon.java








/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac =ra#on.java * Execution: java =ra#on G ** Prints te instructions or drain# a dra#on curve o orders G. ** $ java =ra#on 6 * V ** $ java =ra#on & * VLV ** $ java =ra#on 9 * VLVLV>V ** $ java =ra#on 8 * VLVLV>VLVLV>V>V ** $ java =ra#on ?

* VLVLV>VLVLV>V>VLVLVLV>V>VLV>V>V ** $ java =ra#on @ * VLVLV>VLVLV>V>VLVLVLV>V>VLV>V>VLVLVLV>VLVLV>V>V>VLVLV>V>VLV>V>V * *************************************************************************/


int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( -trin# dra#on A "V"( -trin# no#ard A "V"( -trin# temp(

or int i A &( i SA G( i0 + temp A dra#on( // save aay copy o dra#on dra#on A dra#on "L" no#ard( no#ard A temp ">" no#ard( // use old value o dra#on 1 -ystem.out.printlndra#on0( 1

1


Lat !pdated" Wed #eb 3 04"'4"+4 (S) 2011. IB9.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of I9B/.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/ISBN.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/ISBN.java




/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac ;-BG.java * Execution: java ;-BG G ** =etermines te cec di#it o an ;-BG num)er #iven te irst D di#its. * * 3n ;-BG num)er is le#al i it consists o &6 di#its and * d[& 9*d[9 8*d[8 ... &6*d[&6 is a multiple o &&. * Vor example, 6596&58&?@95@ is le#al since * &*@ 9*9 8*@ ?*? @*& *8 '*& K*6 D*9 &6*6 A KK * and KK is a multiple o &&. * * -ample execution: * * $ java ;-BG 696&8&?@9 * %e ull ;-BG num)er is 96&8&?@9@. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class ;-BG +



// compute te ei#ted sum o te di#its, rom ri#t to let int sum A 6( or int i A 9( i SA &6( i0 + int di#it A G $ &6( // ri#tmost di#it sum A sum i * di#it( G A G / &6( 1

// print out cec di#it, use or &6 -ystem.out.print"%e ull ;-BG num)er is " ar#s60( i sum $ && AA &0 -ystem.out.println""0( else i sum $ && AA 60 -ystem.out.println"6"0( else -ystem.out.println&& 5 sum $ &&00( 11


Thue6orse.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Thue?orse.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/*************************************************************************

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/ThueMorse.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/ThueMorse.java




* Compilation: javac %ueorse.java * Execution: java %ueorse G ** Prints te %ue5orse seFuence, ic is deined as ollos ** -tart it 6, and repeatedly lip all te )its and concatenate * it onto te ori#inal strin#. * * $ java %ueorse 6 * 6 ** $ java %ueorse & * 6& ** $ java %ueorse 9 * 6&&6 * * $ java %ueorse 9 * 6&&6&66& *

* $ java %ueorse ? * 6&&6&66&&66&6&&6 * * $ java %ueorse @ * 6&&6&66&&66&6&&6&66&6&&66&&6&66& * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class %ueorse +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( -trin# tue A "6"( -trin# morse A "&"( -trin# t, m( // temporary values

or int i A &( i SA G( i0 + t A tue( // save aay values m A morse( tue A m( morse A t( 1 -ystem.out.printlntue0( 1

1



in.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9in.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Sin.java








/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -in.java * Execution: java -in x ** Prints out sinx0 usin# %aylor expansion. ** sin x A x 5 xT8/8O xT@/@O 5 xT'/'O ... * * $ java sin java -in 6.@98@DK''@@DK9DD * 6.@666666666666669 * * Gote: sinpi/0 A sin6.@98@DK''@@DK9DD...0 A &/9 * * We use identity sinx0 A sinx 9 P;0 to pre5process * x to )e )eteen 59 P; and 9 P;. 7es, $ ors it dou)lesO * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class -in +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +dou)le x A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s60(

// convert x to an an#le )eteen 59 P; and 9 P; x A x $ 9 * at.P;0(

// compute te %aylor series approximation dou)le term A &.6( // it term A xTi / iO dou)le sum A 6.6( // sum o irst i terms in taylor series

or int i A &( term OA 6.6( i0 + term *A x / i0( i i $ ? AA &0 sum A term( i i $ ? AA 80 sum 5A term( 1 -ystem.out.printlnsum0( 11



6onteHall.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of ?onteHall.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac onteHall.java * Execution: java onteHall G ** Plays te onte Hall #ame G times it te sitcin# strate#y

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/MonteHall.java








* and reports te raction o #ames on. * * -ample execution: * * $ java onteHall &6666666 * Vraction o #ames on A 6.@K * * * Gote: true innin# pro)a)ility A 9/8. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class onteHall +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( // Y trials

int ins A 6( // Y times you in )y sitcin#

// repeat experiment G timesor int i A 6( i S G( i0 +

// ost ides priQe )eind & o 8 doors uniormly at random int priQe A int0 8 * at.random00(

// contestant selects & o 8 doors uniormly at random int coice A int0 8 * at.random00(

// at random, ost reveals an uncosen door not containin# priQe int reveal( do + reveal A int0 8 * at.random00( 1 ile reveal AA coice0 reveal AA priQe00(

// ac to compute te remainin# door ic contestent sitces to int oter A 6 & 9 5 reveal 5 coice(

// sitcin# leads to a in i oter AA priQe0 ins( 1

// avoid inte#er division -ystem.out.println"Vraction o #ames on A " &.6 * ins / G0( 1

1



RollDie.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of oll$ie.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/RollDie.java








/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac >oll=ie.java * Execution: java >oll=ie * * -imulate te roll o a air six5sided die * and print te resultin# num)er. * * $ java >oll=ie * ? * * $ java >oll=ie * & * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class >oll=ie + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int -;=E- A ( // o many sides on te die4

// roll sould )e & trou# -;=E-

int roll A int0 at.random0 * -;=E-0 &(

// print result -ystem.out.printlnroll0(

11



Roll%oa#e#Die.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of oll)oaded$ie.java from §1.< 5onditionals and

)oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac >ollLoaded=ie.java * Execution: java >ollLoaded=ie

* * -imulate te roll o a loaded six5sided die, ere te values * &, 9, 8, ?, and @ appear it pro)a)ility &/K and te value * appears it pro)a)lity 8/K, and print te resultin# num)er. * * $ java >ollLoaded=ie * ? * * $ java >ollLoaded=ie *

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/RollLoadedDie.java










* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class >ollLoaded=ie + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// dou)le in te ran#e 6.6, &.60 dou)le r A at.random0(

// inte#er in te ran#e & to it desired pro)a)ilities int roll( i r S &.6/K.60 roll A &( else i r S 9.6/K.60 roll A 9( else i r S 8.6/K.60 roll A 8( else i r S ?.6/K.60 roll A ?( else i r S @.6/K.60 roll A @( else roll A (

// print result -ystem.out.printlnroll0(

11



Hurri$ane.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Hurri(ane.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Hurricane.java * Execution: java Hurricane G ** >eads in te ind speed in miles per our0 and reports eter it is * a urricane, and i so, eter it is Class &, 9, 8, ? or @ accordin# * to te -air5-impson scale. * * >eerence: ttp://.marineaypoints.com/marine/ind.stml * * $ java Hurricane 9@ * Got a urricane * * $ java Hurricane &8@ * Class ? urricane * *************************************************************************/

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Hurricane.java









pu)lic class Hurricane +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +int ind-peed A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60(

i ind-peed S @0 -ystem.out.println"Got a urricane"0( else i ind-peed S D0 -ystem.out.println"Class & urricane"0(

else i ind-peed S &&&0 -ystem.out.println"Class 9 urricane"0(else i ind-peed S &8&0 -ystem.out.println"Class 8 urricane"0(else i ind-peed S &@@0 -ystem.out.println"Class ? urricane"0(else -ystem.out.println"Class @ urricane"0(

11



Triangle.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Triangle.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac %rian#le.java * Execution: java %rian#le G ** Prints out an G5)y5G trian#ular pattern lie te one )elo.

* * $ java %rian#le * * * * * * ** . * * * * * * . . * * * * * . . . * * * * . . . . * * * . . . . . * * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class %rian#le +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60(

// loop G times, one or eac ro or int i A 6( i S G( i0 +

// print j periods or int j A 6( j S i( j0 -ystem.out.print". "0(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Triangle.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Triangle.java




// print G5i asteriss or int j A 6( j S G5i( j0 -ystem.out.print"* "0(

// print a ne line -ystem.out.println0( 1 11



'.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of @x.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Ex.java * Execution: java Ex G ** Prints out an o radius G lie te one )elo. * * $ java Ex 8 * * . . . . . ** . * . . . * .* . . * . * . .* . . . * . . .

* . . * . * . .* . * . . . * .* * . . . . . ** * $ java Ex @ * * . . . . . . . . . ** . * . . . . . . . * .* . . * . . . . . * . .* . . . * . . . * . . .* . . . . * . * . . . .* . . . . . * . . . . .* . . . . * . * . . . .* . . . * . . . * . . .* . . * . . . . . * . .* . * . . . . . . . * .* * . . . . . . . . . ** *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Ex +


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Ex.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Ex.java




or int i A 5G( i SA G( i0 + or int j A 5G( j SA G( j0 + i i AA 5j0 i AA j00 -ystem.out.print"* "0( else -ystem.out.print". "0( 1 -ystem.out.println0( 1 11



Bo,Tie.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of BowTie.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Bo%ie.java * Execution: java Bo%ie G ** Prints out a )otie o "radius" G lie te one )elo. * * $ java Bo%ie 8 * * . . . . . ** * * . . . * ** * * * . * * *

* * * * * * * ** * * * . * * ** * * . . . * ** * . . . . . ** *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Bo%ie +


or int i A 5G( i SA G( i0 + or int j A 5G( j SA G( j0 + i i*i SA j*j0 -ystem.out.print"* "0( else -ystem.out.print". "0( 1 -ystem.out.println0( 1 11

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/BowTie.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/BowTie.java






Diamon#.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of $iamond.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac =iamond.java * Execution: java =iamond G ** Prints out a 9G&5)y59G& diamond lie te one )elo. * * $ java =iamond ? * . . . . * . . . .* . . . * * * . . .

* . . * * * * * . .* . * * * * * * * .* * * * * * * * * ** . * * * * * * * .* . . * * * * * . .* . . . * * * . . .* . . . . * . . . .* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class =iamond +


or int i A 5G( i SA G( i0 + or int j A 5G( j SA G( j0 + i at.a)si0 at.a)sj0 SA G0 -ystem.out.print"* "0( else -ystem.out.print". "0( 1 -ystem.out.println0( 1 11



Heart.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Heart.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Diamond.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Heart.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Diamond.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Heart.java




/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Heart.java * Execution: java Heart G ** Prints out a eart. * * $ java Heart &@ * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * . . . . . . . * * * * * ** . . . . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * . . . * * * * * * * * * ** . . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * . * * * * * * * * * * * ** . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** . . . . . . .* . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * . . . . . .* . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * . . . . . .* . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * . . . . .* . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * . . . . .* . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * . . . . .* . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * . . . . .* . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * . . . . .* . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

* * * . . . . .* . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * . . . . .* . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * . . . . . .* . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * . . . . . .* . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** . . . . . . .



* . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** . . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** . . . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** . . . . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** . . . . . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * ** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * ** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * ** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * ** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * ** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * ** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Heart +


or int i A 58*G/9( i SA G( i0 + or int j A 58*G/9( j SA 8*G/9( j0 +

// inside eiter diamond or to circles i at.a)si0 at.a)sj0 S G0 5G/95i0 * 5G/95i0 G/95j0 * G/95j0 SA G*G/90 5G/95i0 * 5G/95i0 5G/95j0 * 5G/95j0 SA G*G/90

0 -ystem.out.print"* "0( else -ystem.out.print". "0( 1 -ystem.out.println0( 1 11





Gir$le.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 5ir(le.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Circle.java * Execution: java Circle G ** Prints out a circle o radius G lie te one )elo. * * $ java Circle @ * . . . . . * . . . . .* . . * * * * * * * . .

* . * * * * * * * * * .* . * * * * * * * * * .* . * * * * * * * * * .* * * * * * * * * * * ** . * * * * * * * * * .* . * * * * * * * * * .* . * * * * * * * * * .* . . * * * * * * * . .* . . . . . * . . . . .* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Circle +


or int i A 5G( i SA G( i0 + or int j A 5G( j SA G( j0 + i i*i j*j SA G*G0 -ystem.out.print"* "0( else -ystem.out.print". "0( 1 -ystem.out.println0( 1 11


uler.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of @uler.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Circle.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Euler.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Circle.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Euler.java




/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Euler.java * Execution: java Euler G *

* %ests eter tere are any ive positive inte#ers tat satisy * aT@ )T@ cT@ dT@ A eT@. ;n &'D Euler conjectured tat no suc * solutions exists, )ut is conjecture as disproved in &D usin# * a metod lie te one )elo. * * %e pro#ram reads in a command line parameter G and prints out all * solutions it a SA ) SA c SA d SA e SA G. >estrictin# attention * to solutions o tis orm only eliminates duplicates and maes * te pro#ram aster since e ave many eer possi)ilities to try * '@,DD8,'K6 vs. '@,D8',@66,6660. * * Vor urter eiciency, e use te )rea statement to avoid explicitly * enumeratin# certain tuples a, ), c, d, e0, e.#., i aT@ )T@

* is already #reater tan eT@, tere is no need to ix speciic * values o c and d and compute aT@ )T@ cT@ dT@. n my system, * tis decreased te runnin# time rom 8 minutes to 8@ seconds. * * $ java Euler &66 * * $ java Euler &@6 * 9'T@ K?T@ &&6T@ &88T@ A &??T@ // taes a)out 8@ seconds * * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Euler +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +lon# G A Lon#.parseLon#ar#s60(

lon# a@, )@, c@, d@, e@(

or lon# e A &( e SA G( e0 + e@ A e*e*e*e*e(

// restrict searc to a SA ) SA c SA d SA e or eiciency or lon# a A &( a SA G( a0 + a@ A a*a*a*a*a( i a@ a@ a@ a@ M e@0 )rea(

or lon# ) A a( ) SA G( )0 +

)@ A )*)*)*)*)( i a@ )@ )@ )@ M e@0 )rea(

or lon# c A )( c SA G( c0 + c@ A c*c*c*c*c( i a@ )@ c@ c@ M e@0 )rea(

or lon# d A c( d SA G( d0 + d@ A d*d*d*d*d( i a@ )@ c@ d@ M e@0 )rea(



i a@ )@ c@ d@ AA e@0 -ystem.out.printlna "T@ " ) "T@ " c "T@ " d "T@ A " e "T@"0(

1 1 1 1 1 11



)epys.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of e#ys.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Pepys.java * Execution: java Pepys G ** Wic is more liely: at least one & in rolls o a air die, or * at least to &!s in &9 rolls o a air die4 * * java Pepys &6666666 * 6.@&K@

* 6.&KK&K * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Pepys +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +


// at least one & in rolls int cnt& A 6( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + int ones A 6( or int j A 6( j S ( j0 i * at.random0 S &0 ones( i ones MA &0 cnt&( 1

// at least to &!s in &9 rolls int cnt9 A 6( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + int ones A 6( or int j A 6( j S &9( j0

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Pepys.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Pepys.java




i * at.random0 S &0 ones( i ones MA 90 cnt9( 1

-ystem.out.println&.6 * cnt& / G0( -ystem.out.println&.6 * cnt9 / G0(

1

1



)al.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of al.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Pal.java * Execution: java Pal G ** $ java Pal & * && * * $ java Pal 9

* &&9&& * * $ java Pal 8 * 8&&9&&8 * * $ java Pal ? * 8&&9&&8?8&&9&&8 * * $ java Pal @ * @8&&9&&8?8&&9&&8@ * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Pal + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( -trin# s A ""( or int i A &( i SA G( i0 + i i $ 9 AA 60 s A s i s( else s A i s i( 1 -ystem.out.printlns0(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Pal.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/Pal.java




11


Lat !pdated" Wed #eb 3 04"'4"+4 (S) 2011.=rtBug.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9=rtBug.java from §1.< 5onditionals and )oo#s.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -FrtBu#.java * Execution: java -Frt c ** Computes te sFuare root o a nonne#ative num)er c usin# * Geton!s metod: * 5 initialiQe t A c * 5 replace t it te avera#e o c/t and t * 5 repeat until desired accuracy reaced 2-;GJ W>GJ CG=;%;G ** $ java -FrtBu# 9 * &.?&?9&8@98'86D@ * * $ java -FrtBu# &666666 * &666.6 *

* $ java -FrtBu# 6.? * 6.89?@@@89688'@D ** $ java -FrtBu# &6?K@'@ * &698.DDD@&&'&K88 * * $ java -FrtBu# 6 * 6.6 * * $ java -FrtBu# &???? * ininite loop * * $ java -FrtBu# &e5@6 * &.6E5@6 * ron# anser * * * * <non )u#s * 5555555555 * 5 use te loop5continuation condition in -Frt.java or relia)le * results *

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/13flow/SqrtBug.java








*************************************************************************/

pu)lic class -FrtBu# +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// read in te command5line ar#ument dou)le c A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s60(

dou)le t A c( // estimate o te sFuare root o c dou)le EP-;LG A &e5&@( // relative error tolerance

// repeatedly apply Geton update step until desired precision isacieved ile at.a)st*t 5 c0 M EP-;LG0 + t A c/t t0 / 9.6( 1

// print out te estimate o te sFuare root o c -ystem.out.printlnt0( 1

1



Arrays.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Arrays.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac 3rrays.java * Execution: java 3rrays * * %ypical array processin# code. * * $ java 3rrays @ * a * 5555555555555555555 * 6.6?K@&D??9'8K'98'' * 6.K8&&@@6K6KD@'D * 6.@9KKD@'@6@?D'9 * 6.@6@8@D89&@&?'@D * 6.&9899@&D&'KK * * a A =\98'8 * * max A 6.K8&&@@6K6KD@'D * avera#e A 6.@668889D6'D89K *

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Arrays.java

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/14array


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Arrays.java




* ) * 5555555555555555555 * 6.&9899@&D&'KK * 6.@6@8@D89&@&?'@D * 6.@9KKD@'@6@?D'9 * 6.K8&&@@6K6KD@'D * 6.6?K@&D??9'8K'98'' * * dot product o a and ) A &.&'D@D?8DD6DD&D8' * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class 3rrays + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60(

// initialiQe to random values )eteen 6 and & dou)le a A ne dou)leG( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + ai A at.random0(

1

// print array values, one per line -ystem.out.println"a"0( -ystem.out.println"5555555555555555555"0( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + -ystem.out.printlnai0( 1 -ystem.out.println0( -ystem.out.println"a A " a0( -ystem.out.println0(

// ind te maximum dou)le max A =ou)le.GEJ3%;]E[;GV;G;%7( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + i ai M max0 max A ai( 1 -ystem.out.println"max A " max0(

// avera#e dou)le sum A 6.6( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + sum A ai( 1 -ystem.out.println"avera#e A " sum / G0(

// copy to anoter array dou)le ) A ne dou)leG( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + )i A ai( 1

// reverse te order or int i A 6( i S G/9( i0 + dou)le temp A )i( )i A )G5i5&(



)G5i5& A temp( 1

// print array values, one per line -ystem.out.println0( -ystem.out.println")"0( -ystem.out.println"5555555555555555555"0( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + -ystem.out.println)i0( 1 -ystem.out.println0(

// dot product o a and ) dou)le dotProduct A 6.6( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + dotProduct A ai * )i( 1 -ystem.out.println"dot product o a and ) A " dotProduct0(

1

1


Lat !pdated" Wed #eb 3 03"00"'3 (S) 2011.

De$8.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of $e(2.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac =ec.java * Execution: java =ec * * =eal @9 cards uniormly at random. * * $ java =ec * 3ce o Clu)s * K o =iamonds * @ o =iamonds * ... * K o Hearts * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class =ec + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + -trin# suit A + "Clu)s", "=iamonds", "Hearts", "-pades" 1(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Deck.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Deck.java




-trin# ran A + "9", "8", "?", "@", "", "'", "K", "D", "&6","Uac", "Iueen", "<in#", "3ce" 1(

// avoid ardired constants int -2;%- A suit.len#t( int >3G<- A ran.len#t( int G A -2;%- * >3G<-(

// initialiQe dec -trin# dec A ne -trin#G( or int i A 6( i S >3G<-( i0 + or int j A 6( j S -2;%-( j0 + dec-2;%-*i j A rani " o " suitj( 1 1

// sule or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + int r A i int0 at.random0 * G5i00( -trin# t A decr(

decr A deci( deci A t( 1

// print suled dec or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + -ystem.out.printlndeci0( 1 1

1

Copyright © 2000–2010, Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne. Lat !pdated" Wed #eb 3 03"00"'3 (S) 2011.

ample.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9am#le.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -ample.java * Execution: java -ample G * * %is pro#ram taes to command5line ar#uments and G and produces * a random sample o o te inte#ers rom 6 to G5&. * * $ java -ample ?D * &6 96 6 ? ?6 * * $ java -ample &6 &666

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Sample.java







* @ ?KK 9DK @8? K&& D' K&8 &@ ?9? &6D * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class -ample + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( // coose tis many elements int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s&0( // rom 6, &, ..., G5&

// create permutation 6, &, ..., G5& int perm A ne intG( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 permi A i(

// create random sample in perm6, perm&, ..., perm5& or int i A 6( i S ( i0 +

// random inte#er )eteen i and G5& int r A i int0 at.random0 * G5i00(

// sap elements at indices i and r int t A permr( permr A permi( permi A t( 1

// print results or int i A 6( i S ( i0 -ystem.out.printpermi " "0( -ystem.out.println0( 11



GouponGolle$tor.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 5ou#on5olle(tor.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac CouponCollector.java * Execution: java CouponCollector G * * Jiven G distinct card types, o many random cards do you need * do collect )eore you ave at least0 one o eac type4 * %is pro#ram simulates tis random process. * * * $ java CouponCollector &666 * @K8

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/CouponCollector.java







* * $ java CouponCollector &666 * ?'' * * $ java CouponCollector &666666 * &9'K9'8 * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class CouponCollector + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( // num)er o card types )oolean ound A ne )ooleanG( // oundi A true i card i as)een collected int cardcnt A 6( // total num)er o cardscollected int valcnt A 6( // num)er o distinct cards

// repeatedly coose a random card and cec eter it!s a ne one ile valcnt S G0 +

int val A int0 at.random0 * G0( // random card )eteen 6and G5& cardcnt( // e collected one morecard i Ooundval0 valcnt( // it!s a ne card type oundval A true( // update ound 1

// print te total num)er o cards collected -ystem.out.printlncardcnt0( 11

)rimeieve.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of rime9ieve.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Prime-ieve.java * Execution: java 5mx&&66m Prime-ieve G ** Computes te num)er o primes less tan or eFual to G usin# * te -ieve o Eratostenes. * * $ java Prime-ieve 9@ * %e num)er o primes SA 9@ is D * * $ java Prime-ieve &66 * %e num)er o primes SA &66 is 9@

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/PrimeSieve.java






* * $ java 5mx&66m Prime-ieve &66666666 * %e num)er o primes SA &66666666 is @'&?@@ * * $ java Prime-ieve 5mx&&66m &666666666* %e num)er o primes SA &666666666 is @6K?'@8? ** * %e &&6B and &&66B is te amount o memory you ant to allocate * to te pro#ram. ; your computer as less, mae tis num)er smaller, * )ut it may prevent you rom solvin# te pro)lem or very lar#e * values o G. * * * G Primes SA G * 555555555555555555555555555555555 * &6 ?* &66 9@* &,666 &K* &6,666 &,99D

* &66,666 D,@D9* &,666,666 'K,?DK* &6,666,666 ?,@'D* &66,666,666 @,'&,?@@* &,666,666,666 @6,K?',@8?* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Prime-ieve + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +


// initially assume all inte#ers are prime )oolean isPrime A ne )ooleanG &( or int i A 9( i SA G( i0 + isPrimei A true( 1

// mar non5primes SA G usin# -ieve o Eratostenes or int i A 9( i*i SA G( i0 +

// i i is prime, ten mar multiples o i as nonprime // suices to consider mutiples i, i&, ..., G/i i isPrimei0 + or int j A i( i*j SA G( j0 + isPrimei*j A alse(

1 1 1

// count primes int primes A 6( or int i A 9( i SA G( i0 + i isPrimei0 primes( 1 -ystem.out.println"%e num)er o primes SA " G " is " primes0(



11

HugeArray.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of HugeArray.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Hu#e3rray.java * Execution: java Hu#e3rray * * 3ttempts to create an array o siQe GT? or G A &666. * * %is pro#ram compiles cleans.

* Wen G is &666, it leads to te olloin# error * * java.lan#.Ge#ative3rray-iQeException ** )ecause &666T? overlos an int and results in a ne#ative inte#er. * ** * Wen G is 966, it leads to te olloin# error * * java.lan#.utemoryError: >eFuested array siQe exceeds ] limit * * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Hu#e3rray +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +int G A &666(

int a A ne intG*G*G*G( 11

Deal.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of $eal.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac =eal.java

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/HugeArray.java

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Deal.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/HugeArray.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Deal.java




* Execution: java =eal PL37E>- * * =eal @5card ands at random to te #iven num)er o players. * * $ java =eal 8 * ? o -pades * D o -pades * 3ce o Hearts * D o Clu)s * D o =iamonds * * o -pades * &6 o Hearts * Iueen o Hearts * K o Hearts * <in# o -pades * * ' o Hearts * K o =iamonds * Iueen o -pades

* 8 o -pades * ? o =iamonds * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class =eal + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int C3>=-[PE>[PL37E> A @(

// num)er o players int PL37E>- A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60(

-trin# suit A + "Clu)s", "=iamonds", "Hearts", "-pades" 1( -trin# ran A + "9", "8", "?", "@", "", "'", "K", "D", "&6","Uac", "Iueen", "<in#", "3ce" 1(

// avoid ardired constants int -2;%- A suit.len#t( int >3G<- A ran.len#t( int C3>=- A -2;%- * >3G<-(

i C3>=-[PE>[PL37E> * PL37E>- M C3>=-0 tro ne>untimeException"%oo many players"0(

// initialiQe dec

-trin# dec A ne -trin#C3>=-( or int i A 6( i S >3G<-( i0 + or int j A 6( j S -2;%-( j0 + dec-2;%-*i j A rani " o " suitj( 1 1

// sule or int i A 6( i S C3>=-( i0 + int r A i int0 at.random0 * C3>=-5i00(



-trin# t A decr( decr A deci( deci A t( 1

// print suled dec or int i A 6( i S PL37E>- * C3>=-[PE>[PL37E>( i0 + -ystem.out.printlndeci0( i i $ C3>=-[PE>[PL37E> AA C3>=-[PE>[PL37E> 5 &0-ystem.out.println0( 1 1

1

.

Transpose.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Trans#ose.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac %ranspose.java * Execution: java %ranspose D ** %ranspose an G5)y5G matrix in5place, itout creatin# a second * 9= array. * * -u)mitted )y Cristian >u)io. *

*************************************************************************/

pu)lic class %ranspose +


// create G5)y5G matrix int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( int a A ne intGG( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + or int j A 6( j S G( j0 + aij A G*i j(

1 1

// print out initial matrix -ystem.out.println"Beore"0( -ystem.out.println"555555"0( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + or int j A 6( j S G( j0 + -ystem.out.print"$?d", aij0( 1

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Transpose.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Transpose.java




-ystem.out.println0( 1

// transpose in5place or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + or int j A i&( j S G( j0 + int temp A aij( aij A aji( aji A temp( 1 1

// print out transposed matrix -ystem.out.println0( -ystem.out.println"3ter"0( -ystem.out.println"555555"0( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + or int j A 6( j S G( j0 + -ystem.out.print"$?d", aij0( 1

-ystem.out.println0( 1

11



elfAvoi#ing+al8.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9elfAvoidingWal2.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -el3voidin#Wal.java * Execution: java -el3voidin#Wal G % * * Jenerate % sel5avoidin# als o len#t G. * >eport te raction o time te random al is non sel5intersectin#. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class -el3voidin#Wal + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( // lattice siQe int % A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s&0( // num)er o trials int deadEnds A 6( // trials resultin# in a deadend

// simulate % sel5avoidin# als or int t A 6( t S %( t0 +

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/SelfAvoidingWalk.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/SelfAvoidingWalk.java




)oolean a A ne )ooleanGG( // intersections visitedint x A G/9, y A G/9( // current position

// repeatedly tae a random step, unless you!ve already escaped ile x M 6 NN x S G5& NN y M 6 NN y S G5&0 +

// dead5end, so )rea out o loop i ax5&y NN ax&y NN axy5& NN axy&0 + deadEnds( )rea( 1

// mar x, y0 as visited axy A true(

// tae a random step to unvisited nei#)or dou)le r A at.random0(

i r S 6.9@0 + i Oax&y0 x( 1 else i r S 6.@60 + i Oax5&y0 x55( 1 else i r S 6.'@0 + i Oaxy&0 y( 1

else i r S &.660 + i Oaxy5&0 y55( 1 1

1

-ystem.out.println&66*deadEnds/% "$ dead ends"0(1

1


Inverse)ermutation.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Inverseermutation.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac ;nversePermutation.java * Execution: java ;nversePermutation @ 6 9 8 & ? ** >ead in a permutation rom te command line and print out te inverse * permutation. * * $ java ;nversePermutation @ 6 9 8 & ? * 9 8 ? @ & 6* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class ;nversePermutation +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/InversePermutation.java








int G A ar#s.len#t(

// read in permutation int a A ne intG( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 ai A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#si0(

// cec i valid )oolean exists A ne )ooleanG( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + i ai S 6 ai MA G existsai0 tro ne >untimeException";nput is not a permutation."0( existsai A true( 1

// invert int ainv A ne intG( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 ainvai A i(

// print out or int i A 6( i S G( i0 -ystem.out.printainvi " "0( -ystem.out.println0( 11


Ha#amar#.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Hadamard.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Hadamard.java * Execution: java Hadamard & ** Prints te Hadamard matrix o order G. 3ssumes G is a poer o 9. * * $ java Hadamard 9 * * ** * .* * $ java Hadamard ? * * * * ** * . * .* * * . .* * . . *

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Hadamard.java








* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Hadamard +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( )oolean H A ne )ooleanGG(

// initialiQe Hadamard matrix o order G H66 A true( or int n A &( n S G( n A n0 + or int i A 6( i S n( i0 + or int j A 6( j S n( j0 + Hinj A Hij( Hijn A Hij( Hinjn A OHij( 1 1 1

// print matrix or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + or int j A 6( j S G( j0 + i Hij0 -ystem.out.print"* "0( else -ystem.out.print". "0( 1 -ystem.out.println0( 1 1

1


)rimeieve.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of rime9ieve.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Prime-ieve.java * Execution: java 5mx&&66m Prime-ieve G ** Computes te num)er o primes less tan or eFual to G usin# * te -ieve o Eratostenes. * * $ java Prime-ieve 9@ * %e num)er o primes SA 9@ is D * * $ java Prime-ieve &66







* %e num)er o primes SA &66 is 9@ * * $ java 5mx&66m Prime-ieve &66666666 * %e num)er o primes SA &66666666 is @'&?@@ * * $ java Prime-ieve 5mx&&66m &666666666* %e num)er o primes SA &666666666 is @6K?'@8? ** * %e &&6B and &&66B is te amount o memory you ant to allocate * to te pro#ram. ; your computer as less, mae tis num)er smaller, * )ut it may prevent you rom solvin# te pro)lem or very lar#e * values o G. * * * G Primes SA G * 555555555555555555555555555555555 * &6 ?* &66 9@* &,666 &K

* &6,666 &,99D* &66,666 D,@D9* &,666,666 'K,?DK* &6,666,666 ?,@'D* &66,666,666 @,'&,?@@* &,666,666,666 @6,K?',@8?* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Prime-ieve + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +


// initially assume all inte#ers are prime )oolean isPrime A ne )ooleanG &( or int i A 9( i SA G( i0 + isPrimei A true( 1

// mar non5primes SA G usin# -ieve o Eratostenes or int i A 9( i*i SA G( i0 +

// i i is prime, ten mar multiples o i as nonprime // suices to consider mutiples i, i&, ..., G/i i isPrimei0 + or int j A i( i*j SA G( j0 +

isPrimei*j A alse( 1 1 1

// count primes int primes A 6( or int i A 9( i SA G( i0 + i isPrimei0 primes( 1



-ystem.out.println"%e num)er o primes SA " G " is " primes0( 11


Lat !pdated" Wed #eb 3 03"00"'3 (S) 2011.6ines,eeper.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of ?ineswee#er.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac ineseeper.java * Execution: java ineseeper G p ** Creates an xG mineseeper #ame ere eac cell is a )om) it * pro)a)ility p. Prints out te xG #ame and te nei#)orin# )om) * counts. * * -ample execution: * * $ java ineseeper @ &6 6.8 * * . . . . . . . . ** . . . . . . * . . .* . . . . . . . . * ** . . . * * * . . * .* . . . * . . . . . .

* * * & 6 6 6 & & & & ** & & 6 6 6 & * 9 8 8* 6 6 & 9 8 8 9 8 * ** 6 6 9 * * * & 9 * 8* 6 6 9 * ? 9 & & & &* * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class ineseeper +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

int A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s&0( dou)le p A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s90(

// #ame #rid is &..&..G, )order is used to andle )oundary cases )oolean )om)s A ne )oolean9G9( or int i A &( i SA ( i0 or int j A &( j SA G( j0 )om)sij A at.random0 S p0(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Minesweeper.java








// print #ame or int i A &( i SA ( i0 + or int j A &( j SA G( j0 i )om)sij0 -ystem.out.print"* "0( else -ystem.out.print". "0( -ystem.out.println0( 1

// solij A Y )om)s adjacent to cell i, j0 int sol A ne int9G9( or int i A &( i SA ( i0 or int j A &( j SA G( j0 // ii, jj0 indexes nei#)orin# cells or int ii A i 5 &( ii SA i &( ii0 or int jj A j 5 &( jj SA j &( jj0 i )om)siijj0 solij(

// print solution -ystem.out.println0( or int i A &( i SA ( i0 +

or int j A &( j SA G( j0 i )om)sij0 -ystem.out.print"* "0( else -ystem.out.printsolij " "0( -ystem.out.println0( 1

11



Ran#om+al8ers.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of andomWal2ers.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac >andomWalers.java * Execution: java >andomWaler G * * -imulates o lon# it taes G random alers startin# at te center * o an G5)y5G #rid to visit every cell in te #rid. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class >andomWalers +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( int x A ne intG( // x positions int y A ne intG( // y positions

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/RandomWalkers.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/RandomWalkers.java




int cells%o]isit A G*G( // cells let to visit int steps A 6( // num)er o steps taen dou)le r( )oolean visited A ne )ooleanGG( // as te i5j )een visited4

// start at center or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + xi A G/9( yi A G/9( 1 visitedG/9G/9 A true( cells%o]isit55(

// repeat until all cells ave )een visited ile cells%o]isit M 60 + steps(

// move random aler i or int i A 6( i S G( i0 +

r A at.random0( i r SA 6.9@0 + xi( 1 else i r SA 6.@60 + xi55( 1 else i r SA 6.'@0 + yi( 1 else i r SA &.660 + yi55( 1

// cec i xi, yi0 is inside G5)y5G )oundary and as)een visited i xi S G NN yi S G NN xi MA 6 NN yi MA 6 NN Ovisitedxiyi0 + cells%o]isit55( visitedxiyi A true( 1 1 1

-ystem.out.printlnsteps0( 1

1



Birth#ay.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Birthday.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Birtday.java * Execution: java Birtday =

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Birthday.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Birthday.java




** Computes te num)er o people )y simulation0 tat must enter a room * until to o tem sare a )irtday. 3ssumes )irtdays a uniorm * and independent rom 6 to =5&. ** $ java Birtday 8@ * 9@ * * $ java Birtday 8@ * 99 * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Birtday +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +int = A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( // num)er o days

int people A 6( // total num)er o people

// daysd A true i someone )orn on day d( alse oterise // auto5initialiQed to alse )oolean days A ne )oolean=(

ile true0 + people( int d A int0 = * at.random00( // inte#er )eteen 6 and =5& i daysd0 )rea( // to people it te same)irtday, so )rea out o loop daysd A true( // update daysd 1

-ystem.out.printlnpeople0( 11



Ho,6any.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of How?any.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Hoany.java * Execution: java Hoany str& str9 ... strG * * Hoany taes a varia)le num)er o command5line ar#uments * and prints a messa#e reportin# o many tere are. * * $ java Hoany

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/HowMany.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/HowMany.java




* 7ou entered 6 command5line ar#uments. * * $ java Hoany 3lice Bo) Carol * 7ou entered 8 command5line ar#uments. * * $ java Hoany 3lice * 7ou entered & command5line ar#ument. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Hoany +


// num)er o command5line ar#uments int G A ar#s.len#t(

// output messa#e -ystem.out.print"7ou entered " G " command5line ar#ument"0( i G AA & 0 -ystem.out.println"."0(

else -ystem.out.println"s."0( 11



Dis$reteDistri!ution.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of $is(rete$istri&ution.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac =iscrete=istri)ution.java * Execution: java =iscrete=istri)ution reF6 reF& reF9 ... * * >eads in an array o G reFuency counts rom te command line, * and prints out i it pro)a)ility proportional to te it * reFuency count. * * // six eFually liely events * $ java =iscrete=istri)ution & & & & & & * 8 * * $ java =iscrete=istri)ution & & & & & & * 6 * * // six events, one 8x more liely tan te oters * $ java =iscrete=istri)ution & & & & & 8 * @ * * $ java =iscrete=istri)ution & & & & & 8

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/DiscreteDistribution.java








* 9 * * $ java =iscrete=istri)ution & & & & & 8 * @ * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class =iscrete=istri)ution + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// read in reFuency o occurrence o G values int G A ar#s.len#t( int reF A ne intG( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + reFi A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#si0( 1

// compute total count o all reFuencies int total A 6( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 +

total A reFi( 1

// #enerate random inte#er it pro)a)ility proportional to reFuency int r A int0 total * at.random00( // inte#er in 6, total0 int sum A 6( int event A 5&( or int i A 6( i S G NN sum SA r( i0 + sum A reFi( event A i( 1

-ystem.out.printlnevent0( 11



)ermutation.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of ermutation.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Permutation.java * Execution: java Permutation G ** Prints a pseudorandom permution o te inte#ers 6 trou# G. * * $ java -ule

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Permutation.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Permutation.java




* @ 6 9 8 & ?* . * . . . .* . . . . * .* . . * . . .* . . . * . .* . . . . . ** * . . . . .* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Permutation +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( int a A ne intG(

// insert inte#ers 6..G5& or int i A 6( i S G( i0 ai A i(

// sule

or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + int r A int0 at.random0 * i&00( // int )eteen 6 and i int sap A ar( ar A ai( ai A sap( 1

// print permutation or int i A 6( i S G( i0 -ystem.out.printai " "0( -ystem.out.println""0(

// print cecer)oard visualiQation or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + or int j A 6( j S G( j0 + i aj AA i0 -ystem.out.print"* "0( else -ystem.out.print". "0( 1 -ystem.out.println""0( 1

11


Lat !pdated" Wed #eb 3 03"00"'3 (S) 2011. %R.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of ),9.java from §1. Arrays.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/LFSR.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/LFSR.java




/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac LV->.java * Execution: java LV-> G ** -imulate a LV-> or G steps and print results. * * $ java LV-> ?6 * 6&66&&66&666666&&666&666&6&&&6&6&6&&&&66 * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class LV-> +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +// initial ill

)oolean a A + alse, true, alse, alse, alse, alse, true, alse, true, true, alse 1( int % A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( // num)er o steps int G A a.len#t( // len#t o re#ister

int %3P A K( // tap position

// -imulate operation o sit re#ister. or int t A 6( t S %( t0 +

// -imulate one sit5re#ister step. )oolean next A aG5& T a%3P0( // Compute next )it.

or int i A G5&( i M 6( i550 ai A ai5&( // -it one position.

a6 A next( // Put next )it on ri#t end.

i next0 -ystem.out.print"&"0( else -ystem.out.print"6"0(

1 -ystem.out.println0(

11


Ji$8Bo'er.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of :i(2Boxer.java from §1. Arrays.

/*************************************************************************

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/KickBoxer.java







* Compilation: javac <icBoxer.java * Execution: java <icBoxer ** >eads in te ei#t o a %ai ic)oxer, and prints out teir * ic)oxin# cate#ory ly ei#t 5 super eavyei#t0. * * >eerence: ttp://.eliteic)oxin#.com/competitionino8.asp * * $ java <icBoxer &?? * Welter Wei#t * * $ java <icBoxer 866 * -uper Heavy Wei#t * * $ java <icBoxer &&& * Vly Wei#t * * $ java <icBoxer &&9 * -uper Vly Wei#t *

*************************************************************************/

pu)lic class <icBoxer + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

int A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( int ei#ts A + &&9, &&@, &&K, &99, &9, &86, &8@, &?6, &?', &@?, &6, &', &'?, &K8, &KD, &DK, 96D, DDDD 1(

-trin# cate#ories A + "Vly Wei#t", "-uper Vly Wei#t", "Bantam Wei#t", "-uper Bantam Wei#t", "Veater Wei#t", "-uper Veater Wei#t", "Li#t Wei#t", "-uper Li#t Wei#t", "Welter Wei#t", "-uper Welter Wei#t", "iddle Wei#t", "-uper iddle Wei#t", "Li#t Heavy Wei#t", "-uper Li#t Heavy Wei#t", "Cruiser Wei#t", "-uper Cruiser Wei#t", "Heavy Wei#t", "-uper Heavy Wei#t"

1(

or int i A 6( i S ei#ts.len#t( i0 + i S ei#tsi0 + -ystem.out.printlncate#oriesi0( )rea( 1 1 1



1



6agi$=uare.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of ?agi(9=uare.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac a#ic-Fuare.java * Execution: java a#ic-Fuare G * * Jenerates a ma#ic sFuare o order G. 3 ma#ic sFuares is an G5)y5G * matrix o te inte#ers & to GT9, suc tat all ro, column, and * dia#onal sums are eFual. * * ne ay to #enerate a ma#ic sFuare en G is odd is to assi#n * te inte#ers & to GT9 in ascendin# order, startin# at te * )ottom, middle cell. >epeatedly assi#n te next inte#er to te * cell adjacent dia#onally to te ri#t and don. ; tis cell * as already )een assi#ned anoter inte#er, instead use te * cell adjacently a)ove. 2se rap5around to andle )order cases. * ** $ java a#ic-Fuare 8 * ? D 9* 8 @ '

* K & * * $ java a#ic-Fuare @ * && &K 9@ 9 D* &6 &9 &D 9& 8* ? &8 96 99* 98 @ ' &? &* &' 9? & K &@* * Limitations * 55555555555 * 5 G must )e odd * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class a#ic-Fuare +


i G $ 9 AA 60 tro ne >untimeException"G must )e odd"0(

int ma#ic A ne intGG(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/MagicSquare.java








int ro A G5&( int col A G/9( ma#icrocol A &(

or int i A 9( i SA G*G( i0 + i ma#icro &0 $ Gcol &0 $ G AA 60 + ro A ro &0 $ G( col A col &0 $ G( 1 else + ro A ro 5 & G0 $ G( // don!t can#e col 1 ma#icrocol A i( 1

// print results or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + or int j A 6( j S G( j0 + i ma#icij S &60 -ystem.out.print" "0( // or

ali#nment i ma#icij S &660 -ystem.out.print" "0( // orali#nment -ystem.out.printma#icij " "0( 1 -ystem.out.println0( 1

11


Lat !pdated" Wed #eb 3 03"00"'3 (S) 2011.KipBarGo#er.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of i#Bar5oder.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac îpBarCoder.java * Execution: java îpBarCoder G ** >eads in a @ di#it Qip code and prints out te postal )arcode. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class îpBarCoder +


int di#its A ne int(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/ZipBarCoder.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/ZipBarCoder.java




int code A + + &, &, 6, 6, 6 1, + 6, 6, 6, &, & 1, + 6, 6, &, 6, & 1, + 6, 6, &, &, 6 1, + 6, &, 6, 6, & 1, + 6, &, 6, &, 6 1, + 6, &, &, 6, 6 1, + &, 6, 6, 6, & 1, + &, 6, 6, &, 6 1, + &, 6, &, 6, 6 1 1(

// extract di#its or int i A &( i SA @( i0 + di#itsi A G $ &6( G /A &6( 1

// compute cec di#it int cecdi#it A 6( or int i A &( i SA @( i0

cecdi#it A di#itsi( di#its6 A cecdi#it $ &6(

// print )arcode -ystem.out.println"*****"0( or int i A @( i MA 6( i550 or int j A 6( j S @( j0 i codedi#itsij AA &0 -ystem.out.println"*****"0( else -ystem.out.println"**"0( -ystem.out.println"*****"0( 11



)rimeap.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of rime>a#.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac PrimeJap.java * Execution: java 5mxD66B 5msD66B PrimeJap G ** Vind te lon#est consecutive seFuence o inte#ers )eteen 9 and G * it no primes. * * -ample execution: * * $ java 5mxD66B 5msD66B PrimeJap &66

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/PrimeGap.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/PrimeGap.java




* %ere are no primes )eteen D6 and D * %at is ' consecutive inte#ers * * $ java 5mxD66B 5msD66B PrimeJap &66666666 * %ere are no primes )eteen ?'89D? and ?'89D&9 * %at is 9&D consecutive inte#ers * * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class PrimeJap + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +


)oolean isprime A ne )ooleanG&(

or int i A 9( i SA G( i0 isprimei A true(

// determine primes S G usin# -ieve o Eratostenes or int i A 9( i*i SA G( i0 + i isprimei0 + or int j A i( i*j SA G( j0 isprimei*j A alse( 1 1

// ind lon#est consecutive seFuence o inte#ers it no primes int #ap A 6( int )est#ap A 6( int ri#t A 6( or int i A 9( i SA G( i0 + i isprimei0 #ap A 6( else #ap( i #ap M )est#ap0 + )est#ap A #ap( ri#t A i( 1 1

int let A ri#t 5 )est#ap &( -ystem.out.println"%ere are no primes )eteen " let " and " ri#t0( -ystem.out.println"%at is " )est#ap " consecutive inte#ers"0( 11


ol#!a$h.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of >old&a(h.java from §1. Arrays.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Goldbach.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Goldbach.java




/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Jold)ac.java * Execution: java 5mxD66B 5msD66B Jold)ac G ** Computes all primes less tan G and tries to express G as a sum * o to primes. Jold)ac!s conjecture says tat tis is alays* possi)le i G is even and #reater tan 9. Wen G is odd, tese * are called prime pairs.

* -ample execution: * * $java 5mxD66B 5msD66B Jold)ac &66689D9 * &66689D9 A 8?D &6669D?8 * * $java 5mxD66B 5msD66B Jold)ac &666666& * &666666& is not expressi)le as te sum o to primes * * $java 5mxD66B 5msD66B Jold)ac &666669& * &666669& A 9 &66666&D*

*************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Jold)ac + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +


)oolean isprime A ne )ooleanG(

or int i A 9( i S G( i0 isprimei A true(

// determine primes S G usin# -ieve o Eratostenes or int i A 9( i * i S G( i0 + i isprimei0 + or int j A i( i * j S G( j0 isprimei*j A alse( 1 1

// count primes int primes A 6( or int i A 9( i S G( i0 i isprimei0 primes(

-ystem.out.println"=one ta)ulatin# primes."0(

// store primes in list int list A ne intprimes( int n A 6( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 i isprimei0 listn A i(

// cec i G can )e expressed as sum o to primes int let A 6, ri#t A primes5&( ile let SA ri#t0 + i listlet listri#t AA G0 )rea(



else i listlet listri#t S G0 let( else ri#t55( 1 i listlet listri#t AA G0 -ystem.out.printlnG " A " listlet " " listri#t0( else -ystem.out.printlnG " not expressi)le as sum o to primes"0( 1

1



piral.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9#iral.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -piral.java * Execution: java -piral G ** $ java -piral ? * java -piral ? * & * 9 * 8 * ?

* K * &9 * & * &@ * &? * &8 * D * @ * * ' * && * &6 * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class -piral + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +


// create G5)y5G array o inte#ers & trou# G int a A ne intGG( or int i A 6( i S G( i0

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Spiral.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Spiral.java




or int j A 6( j S G( j0 aij A & G*i j(

// spiral or int i A G5&, j A 6( i M 6( i55, j0 + or int A j( S i( 0 -ystem.out.printlnaj0( or int A j( S i( 0 -ystem.out.printlnai0( or int A i( M j( 550 -ystem.out.printlnai0( or int A i( M j( 550 -ystem.out.printlnaj0( 1

// special case or middle element i G is odd i G $ 9 AA &0 -ystem.out.printlnaG5&0/9G5&0/90( 1

1


Lat !pdated" Wed #eb 3 03"00"'3 (S) 2011. uler.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of @uler.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Euler.java * Execution: java Euler G *

* %ests eter tere are any ive positive inte#ers tat satisy * aT@ )T@ cT@ dT@ A eT@. ;n &'D Euler conjectured tat no suc * solutions exists, )ut is conjecture as disproved in &D usin# * a computational approac lie te one e tae ere. * * %e pro#ram reads in a command line parameter G and prints out all * solutions it a SA ) SA c SA d SA e SA G. %o speed tin#s up )y * rou#ly a actor o 8 on my system, e precompute an array o * it poers. * * $ java Euler &66 * * $ java Euler &@6 * 9'T@ K?T@ &&6T@ &88T@ A &??T@ // taes a)out 96 seconds * * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Euler +


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Euler.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Euler.java




// precompute iT@ or i A 6..G lon# ive A ne lon#G&( or int i A 6( i SA G( i0 ivei A lon#0 i * i * i * i * i( -ystem.out.println"=one precomputin# it poers"0(

// no do exaustive searc or int e A &( e SA G( e0 + lon# e@ A ivee(

// restrict searc to a SA ) SA c SA d SA e or int a A &( a SA G( a0 + lon# a@ A ivea( i a@ a@ a@ a@ M e@0 )rea(

or int ) A a( ) SA G( )0 + lon# )@ A ive)( i a@ )@ )@ )@ M e@0 )rea(

or int c A )( c SA G( c0 + lon# c@ A ivec( i a@ )@ c@ c@ M e@0 )rea(

or int d A c( d SA G( d0 + lon# d@ A ived( i a@ )@ c@ d@ M e@0 )rea( i a@ )@ c@ d@ AA e@0 -ystem.out.printlna "T@ " ) "T@ " c "T@ " d "T@ A " e "T@"0(

1 1 1 1 1 11



Bla$8ja$8.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Bla(2ja(2.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Blacjac.java * Execution: java BlacjacEuler x y Q ** utput te ")asic strate#y" or )lacjac under standard 3tlantic * City rules it decs. 2ses precomputed ta)les.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Blackjack.java








* * >eerence: ttp://.)lacjacino.com/c#i5)in/)j)se.c#i4#ameAac * * * * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Blacjac +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +)oolean 7 A true()oolean G A alse(

)oolean ; A alse( // irrelevant, never used

int x A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( int y A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s&0( int Q A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s90(

// splitij A sould you split it i, i0 i dealer is soin# j

)oolean split A + + ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ; 1, + ;, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // 3,3 + ;, G, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, G, G, G 1, // 9,9 + ;, G, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, G, G, G 1, // 8,8 + ;, G, G, G, G, 7, 7, G, G, G, G 1, // ?,? + ;, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G 1, // @,@ + ;, G, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, G, G, G, G 1, // , + ;, G, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, G, G, G 1, // ',' + ;, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // K,K + ;, G, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, G, 7, 7, G 1, // D,D + ;, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G 1, // &6,&6 1(

// sotij A sould you it it 3, i0 i dealer is soin# j )oolean sot A + + ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ; 1, + ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ; 1, // 3,3

+ ;, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // 3,9 + ;, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // 3,8 + ;, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // 3,? + ;, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // 3,@ + ;, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // 3,



+ ;, 7, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, 7, 7 1, // 3,' + ;, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G 1, // 3,K + ;, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G 1, // 3,D + ;, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G 1, // 3,&6 1(

// sotij A sould you it it total A i i dealer is soin# j )oolean ard A + + ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ; 1, // 6 + ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ; 1, // & + ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ; 1, // 9 + ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ; 1, // 8 + ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ; 1, // ? + ;, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // @ + ;, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // + ;, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // ' + ;, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // K

+ ;, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // D + ;, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // &6 + ;, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // && + ;, 7, 7, 7, G, G, G, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // &9 + ;, 7, G, G, G, G, G, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // &8 + ;, 7, G, G, G, G, G, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // &? + ;, 7, G, G, G, G, G, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // &@ + ;, 7, G, G, G, G, G, 7, 7, 7, 7 1, // & + ;, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G 1, // &' + ;, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G 1, // &K + ;, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G 1, // &D 1(

// i y is an ace, lip cards i y AA &0 + y A x( x A &( 1

// split i x AA y NN splitxQ0 -ystem.out.println"-plit"0(

// a sin#le ace else i x AA &0 + i sotyQ0 -ystem.out.println"Hit"0( else -ystem.out.println"-tic"0( 1

// no ace and did not split else +

i ardxyQ0 -ystem.out.println"Hit"0( else -ystem.out.println"-tic"0( 1

11





)as$al.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of as(al.java from §1. Arrays.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Pascal.java * Execution: java Pascal G ** Computes and prints out Pascal!s trian#le or order G. * ;llustrated ra##ed arrays in Uava. ** $ java Pascal '

* &* & &* & 9 &* & 8 8 &* & ? ? &* & @ &6 &6 @ &* & &@ 96 &@ &* & ' 9& 8@ 8@ 9& ' &* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Pascal +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( int pascal A ne intG&(

// initialiQe irst ro pascal& A ne int& 9( pascal&& A &(

// ill in Pascal!s trian#le or int i A 9( i SA G( i0 + pascali A ne inti 9( or int j A &( j S pascali.len#t 5 &( j0 pascalij A pascali5&j5& pascali5&j( 1

// print results or int i A &( i SA G( i0 + or int j A &( j S pascali.len#t 5 &( j0 + -ystem.out.printpascalij " "0( 1 -ystem.out.println0( 1 11

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Pascal.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/14array/Pascal.java





Lat !pdated" #ri /!g ' 04"2"'& ($) 2011.

Ran#ome=.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of andom9e=.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac >andom-eF.java * Execution: java >andom-eF G * * Prints G num)ers )eteen 6 and &. * * $ java >andom-eF @ * 6.&@?'68?8'K'&@ * 6.9&9996689&9?

* 6.8&'@@@DKK89'? * 6.?&@8DD8@@K?9K8 * 6.?68@9@8&?KK8'& * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class >andom-eF +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// command5line ar#ument int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60(

// #enerate and print G num)ers )eteen 6 and & or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + -ystem.out.printlnat.random00( 1 11


Lat !pdated" Wed #eb 3 03"02"0% (S) 2011.

t#In.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9tdIn.java from § 9tandard )i&raries. Here is the

+avado(.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -td;n.java * Execution: java -td;n interactive test o )asic unctionality0 *

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/RandomSeq.java

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/15inout


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/StdIn.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/stdlib

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/stdlib/javadoc/StdIn.html

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/RandomSeq.java




http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/stdlib/javadoc/StdIn.html



* >eads in data o various types rom standard input. * *************************************************************************/

import java.util.-canner(import java.util.re#ex.Pattern(

/** * SiM-tandard inputS/iM. %is class provides metods or readin# strin#s * and num)ers rom standard input. -ee* Sa reA"ttp://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/&@inout"M-ection &.@S/aM o * SiM;ntroduction to Pro#rammin# in Uava: 3n ;nterdisciplinary 3pproacS/iM * )y >o)ert -ed#eic and <evin Wayne. * SpM * -ee te tecnical inormation in te documentation o te +\lin ;n1 * class, ic applies to tis class as ell.* * \autor >o)ert -ed#eic * \autor <evin Wayne */

pu)lic inal class -td;n +

// it doesn!t mae sense to instantiate tis class private -td;n0 +1

private static -canner scanner(

/*** )e#in: section & o 90 o code duplicated rom ;n to -td;n */

// assume 2nicode 2%V5K encodin# private static inal -trin# carsetGame A "2%V5K"(

// assume lan#ua#e A En#lis, country A 2- or consistency it-ystem.out. private static inal java.util.Locale usLocale A

ne java.util.Locale"en", "2-"0(

// te deault toen separator( e maintain te invariant tat tis value// is eld )y te scanner!s delimiter )eteen calls

private static inal Pattern WH;%E-P3CE[P3%%E>G A Pattern.compile"ZZp+javaWitespace1"0(

// maes itespace caracters si#niicantprivate static inal Pattern EP%7[P3%%E>G

A Pattern.compile""0(

// used to read te entire input. source:

// ttp://e)lo#s.java.net/)lo#/pat/arcive/966?/&6/stupid[scanner[&.tml private static inal Pattern E]E>7%H;GJ[P3%%E>G A Pattern.compile"ZZ3"0(

/*** end: section & o 90 o code duplicated rom ;n to -td;n */

/*** )e#in: section 9 o 90 o code duplicated rom ;n to -td;n, * it all metods can#ed rom "pu)lic" to "pu)lic static" ***/

/**



* ;s te input empty except possi)ly or itespace04 2se tis * to no eter te next call to +\lin Yread-trin#01,

* +\lin Yread=ou)le01, etc ill succeed. */ pu)lic static )oolean isEmpty0 + return Oscanner.asGext0( 1

/** * =oes te input ave a next line4 2se tis to no eter te * next call to +\lin YreadLine01 ill succeed. SpM Vunctionally * eFuivalent to +\lin YasGextCar01. */ pu)lic static )oolean asGextLine0 + return scanner.asGextLine0( 1

/** * ;s te input empty includin# itespace04 2se tis to no

* eter te next call to +\lin YreadCar01 ill succeed. SpM

Vunctionally * eFuivalent to +\lin YasGextLine01. */ pu)lic static )oolean asGextCar0 + scanner.use=elimiterEP%7[P3%%E>G0( )oolean result A scanner.asGext0( scanner.use=elimiterWH;%E-P3CE[P3%%E>G0( return result( 1

/** * >ead and return te next line. */ pu)lic static -trin# readLine0 + -trin# line( try + line A scanner.nextLine0( 1 catc Exception e0 + line A null( 1 return line( 1

/** * >ead and return te next caracter. */ pu)lic static car readCar0 + scanner.use=elimiterEP%7[P3%%E>G0( -trin# c A scanner.next0(

assert c.len#t0 AA &0 : ";nternal -td0;n.readCar0 errorO" " Please contact te autors."( scanner.use=elimiterWH;%E-P3CE[P3%%E>G0( return c.car3t60( 1

/** * >ead and return te remainder o te input as a strin#. */



pu)lic static -trin# read3ll0 + i Oscanner.asGextLine00 return ""(

-trin# result A scanner.use=elimiterE]E>7%H;GJ[P3%%E>G0.next0( // not tat important to reset delimeter, since no scanner is empty scanner.use=elimiterWH;%E-P3CE[P3%%E>G0( // )ut let!s do it anyay return result( 1

/** * >ead and return te next strin#. */ pu)lic static -trin# read-trin#0 + return scanner.next0( 1

/** * >ead and return te next int.

*/ pu)lic static int read;nt0 + return scanner.next;nt0( 1

/** * >ead and return te next dou)le. */ pu)lic static dou)le read=ou)le0 + return scanner.next=ou)le0( 1

/** * >ead and return te next loat. */ pu)lic static loat readVloat0 + return scanner.nextVloat0( 1

/** * >ead and return te next lon#. */ pu)lic static lon# readLon#0 + return scanner.nextLon#0( 1

/**

* >ead and return te next sort. */ pu)lic static sort read-ort0 + return scanner.next-ort0( 1

/** * >ead and return te next )yte. */ pu)lic static )yte readByte0 +



return scanner.nextByte0( 1

/** * >ead and return te next )oolean, alloin# case5insensitive * "true" or "&" or true, and "alse" or "6" or alse. */ pu)lic static )oolean readBoolean0 + -trin# s A read-trin#0( i s.eFuals;#noreCase"true"00 return true( i s.eFuals;#noreCase"alse"00 return alse( i s.eFuals"&"00 return true( i s.eFuals"6"00 return alse( tro ne java.util.;nputismatcException0( 1

/** * >ead all strin#s until te end o input is reaced, and return tem. */ pu)lic static -trin# read3ll-trin#s0 +

// e could use read3ll.trim0.split0, )ut tat!s not consistent // since trim0 uses caracters 6x66..6x96 as itespace -trin# toens A WH;%E-P3CE[P3%%E>G.splitread3ll00( i toens.len#t AA 6 toens6.len#t0 M 60 return toens( -trin# decapitoens A ne -trin#toens.len#t5&( or int iA6( i S toens.len#t5&( i0 decapitoensi A toensi&( return decapitoens( 1

/** * >ead all ints until te end o input is reaced, and return tem. */ pu)lic static int read3ll;nts0 + -trin# ields A read3ll-trin#s0( int vals A ne intields.len#t( or int i A 6( i S ields.len#t( i0 valsi A ;nte#er.parse;ntieldsi0( return vals( 1

/** * >ead all dou)les until te end o input is reaced, and return tem. */ pu)lic static dou)le read3ll=ou)les0 + -trin# ields A read3ll-trin#s0(

dou)le vals A ne dou)leields.len#t( or int i A 6( i S ields.len#t( i0 valsi A =ou)le.parse=ou)leieldsi0( return vals( 1

/*** end: section 9 o 90 o code duplicated rom ;n to -td;n */

/**



* ; -td;n can#es, use tis to reinitialiQe te scanner. */ private static void resync0 + set-cannerne -cannerne java.io.Buered;nput-tream-ystem.in0,

carsetGame00( 1

private static void set-canner-canner scanner0 + -td;n.scanner A scanner( -td;n.scanner.useLocaleusLocale0( 1

// do tis once en -td;n is initialiQed static + resync0( 1

/** * >eads all ints rom stdin. * \deprecated Vor more consistency, use +\lin Yread3ll;nts01

*/ pu)lic static int read;nts0 + return read3ll;nts0( 1

/** * >eads all dou)les rom stdin. * \deprecated Vor more consistency, use +\lin Yread3ll=ou)les01 */ pu)lic static dou)le read=ou)les0 + return read3ll=ou)les0( 1

/** * >eads all -trin#s rom stdin. * \deprecated Vor more consistency, use +\lin Yread3ll-trin#s01 */ pu)lic static -trin# read-trin#s0 + return read3ll-trin#s0( 1

/** * ;nteractive test o )asic unctionality. */ pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

-ystem.out.println"%ype a strin#: "0( -trin# s A -td;n.read-trin#0( -ystem.out.println"7our strin# as: " s0( -ystem.out.println0(

-ystem.out.println"%ype an int: "0( int a A -td;n.read;nt0( -ystem.out.println"7our int as: " a0( -ystem.out.println0(



-ystem.out.println"%ype a )oolean: "0( )oolean ) A -td;n.readBoolean0( -ystem.out.println"7our )oolean as: " )0( -ystem.out.println0(

-ystem.out.println"%ype a dou)le: "0( dou)le c A -td;n.read=ou)le0( -ystem.out.println"7our dou)le as: " c0( -ystem.out.println0(

1

1


Lat !pdated" )!e Sep 1% 14"23"2+ ($) 201.

t#ut.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9td%ut.java from § 9tandard )i&raries. Here is the

+avado(.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -tdut.java * Execution: java -tdut * * Writes data o various types to standard output. * *************************************************************************/

import java.io.utput-treamWriter(import java.io.PrintWriter(import java.io.2nsupportedEncodin#Exception(import java.util.Locale(

/** * SiM-tandard outputS/iM. %is class provides metods or ritin# strin#s * and num)ers to standard output. * SpM * Vor additional documentation, see SareA"ttp://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/&@inout"M-ection &.@S/aM o

* SiM;ntroduction to Pro#rammin# in Uava: 3n ;nterdisciplinary 3pproacS/iM)y >o)ert -ed#eic and <evin Wayne. * * \autor >o)ert -ed#eic * \autor <evin Wayne */pu)lic inal class -tdut +

// orce 2nicode 2%V5K encodin#( oterise it!s system dependent private static inal -trin# carsetGame A "2%V5K"(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/StdOut.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/stdlib/javadoc/StdOut.html



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/stdlib/javadoc/StdOut.html



// assume lan#ua#e A En#lis, country A 2- or consistency it -td;n private static inal Locale 2-[LC3LE A ne Locale"en", "2-"0(

// send output ere private static PrintWriter out(

// tis is called )eore invoin# any metods static + try + out A ne PrintWriterne utput-treamWriter-ystem.out,carsetGame0, true0( 1 catc 2nsupportedEncodin#Exception e0 + -ystem.out.printlne0( 1 1

// don!t instantiate private -tdut0 + 1

// close te output stream not reFuired0

/** * Close standard output. */ pu)lic static void close0 + out.close0( 1

/** * %erminate te current line )y printin# te line separator strin#. */ pu)lic static void println0 + out.println0( 1

/** * Print an o)ject to standard output and ten terminate te line. */ pu)lic static void println)ject x0 + out.printlnx0( 1

/** * Print a )oolean to standard output and ten terminate te line. */ pu)lic static void println)oolean x0 + out.printlnx0( 1

/** * Print a car to standard output and ten terminate te line. */ pu)lic static void printlncar x0 + out.printlnx0( 1

/** * Print a dou)le to standard output and ten terminate te line.



*/ pu)lic static void printlndou)le x0 + out.printlnx0( 1

/** * Print a loat to standard output and ten terminate te line. */ pu)lic static void printlnloat x0 + out.printlnx0( 1

/** * Print an int to standard output and ten terminate te line. */ pu)lic static void printlnint x0 + out.printlnx0( 1

/**

* Print a lon# to standard output and ten terminate te line. */ pu)lic static void printlnlon# x0 + out.printlnx0( 1

/** * Print a sort to standard output and ten terminate te line. */ pu)lic static void printlnsort x0 + out.printlnx0( 1

/** * Print a )yte to standard output and ten terminate te line. */ pu)lic static void println)yte x0 + out.printlnx0( 1

/** * Vlus standard output. */ pu)lic static void print0 + out.lus0( 1

/** * Print an )ject to standard output and lus standard output. */ pu)lic static void print)ject x0 + out.printx0( out.lus0( 1

/** * Print a )oolean to standard output and lus standard output.



*/ pu)lic static void print)oolean x0 + out.printx0( out.lus0( 1

/** * Print a car to standard output and lus standard output. */ pu)lic static void printcar x0 + out.printx0( out.lus0( 1

/** * Print a dou)le to standard output and lus standard output. */ pu)lic static void printdou)le x0 + out.printx0( out.lus0(

1

/** * Print a loat to standard output and lus standard output. */ pu)lic static void printloat x0 + out.printx0( out.lus0( 1

/** * Print an int to standard output and lus standard output. */ pu)lic static void printint x0 + out.printx0( out.lus0( 1

/** * Print a lon# to standard output and lus standard output. */ pu)lic static void printlon# x0 + out.printx0( out.lus0( 1

/**

* Print a sort to standard output and lus standard output. */ pu)lic static void printsort x0 + out.printx0( out.lus0( 1

/** * Print a )yte to standard output and lus standard output. */



pu)lic static void print)yte x0 + out.printx0( out.lus0( 1

/** * Print a ormatted strin# to standard output usin# te speciied * ormat strin# and ar#uments, and lus standard output. */ pu)lic static void print-trin# ormat, )ject... ar#s0 + out.print2-[LC3LE, ormat, ar#s0( out.lus0( 1

/** * Print a ormatted strin# to standard output usin# te speciied * locale, ormat strin#, and ar#uments, and lus standard output. */ pu)lic static void printLocale locale, -trin# ormat, )ject... ar#s0 + out.printlocale, ormat, ar#s0(

out.lus0( 1

// %is metod is just ere to test te class pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// rite to stdout -tdut.println"%est"0( -tdut.println&'0( -tdut.printlntrue0( -tdut.print"$.Zn", &.6/'.60( 1

1

Copyright © 2000–2011, Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne. Lat !pdated" )!e Sep 1% 14"23"2+ ($) 201.

t#Dra,.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9td$raw.java from § 9tandard )i&raries. Here is the

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/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -td=ra.java * Execution: java -td=ra * * -tandard drain# li)rary. %is class provides a )asic capa)ility or * creatin# drain#s it your pro#rams. ;t uses a simple #rapics model tat * allos you to create drain#s consistin# o points, lines, and curves * in a indo on your computer and to save te drain#s to a ile.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/StdDraw.java




http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/stdlib/javadoc/StdDraw.html



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/stdlib/javadoc/StdDraw.html



* * %odo * 5555 * 5 3dd support or #radient ill, etc. * 5 Vix setCanvas-iQe0 so tat it can only )e called once. * * >emars * 5555555 * 5 don!t use 3ine%ransorm or rescalin# since it inverts * ima#es and strin#s * 5 careul usin# setVont in inner loop itin an animation 5 * it can cause licer * *************************************************************************/

import java.at.*(import java.at.event.*(import java.at.#eom.*(import java.at.ima#e.*(import java.io.*(

import java.net.*(import java.util.LinedList(import java.util.%ree-et(import javax.ima#eio.;ma#e;(import javax.sin#.*(

/** * SiM-tandard draS/iM. %is class provides a )asic capa)ility or * creatin# drain#s it your pro#rams. ;t uses a simple #rapics model tat * allos you to create drain#s consistin# o points, lines, and curves * in a indo on your computer and to save te drain#s to a ile. * SpM * Vor additional documentation, see SareA"ttp://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/&@inout"M-ection &.@S/aM o * SiM;ntroduction to Pro#rammin# in Uava: 3n ;nterdisciplinary 3pproacS/iM)y >o)ert -ed#eic and <evin Wayne. * * \autor >o)ert -ed#eic * \autor <evin Wayne */pu)lic inal class -td=ra implements 3ctionListener, ouseListener,ouseotionListener, <eyListener +

// pre5deined colors pu)lic static inal Color BL3C< A Color.BL3C<( pu)lic static inal Color BL2E A Color.BL2E( pu)lic static inal Color C73G A Color.C73G(

pu)lic static inal Color =3><[J>37 A Color.=3><[J>37( pu)lic static inal Color J>37 A Color.J>37( pu)lic static inal Color J>EEG A Color.J>EEG( pu)lic static inal Color L;JH%[J>37 A Color.L;JH%[J>37( pu)lic static inal Color 3JEG%3 A Color.3JEG%3( pu)lic static inal Color >3GJE A Color.>3GJE( pu)lic static inal Color P;G< A Color.P;G<( pu)lic static inal Color >E= A Color.>E=( pu)lic static inal Color WH;%E A Color.WH;%E( pu)lic static inal Color 7ELLW A Color.7ELLW(



/** * -ade o )lue used in ;ntroduction to Pro#rammin# in Uava. * ;t is Pantone 8662. %e >JB values are approximately D, D6, &0. */ pu)lic static inal Color B<[BL2E A ne Color D, D6, &0( pu)lic static inal Color B<[L;JH%[BL2E A ne Color&68, &DK, 9?80(

/** * -ade o red used in 3l#oritms ?t edition. * ;t is Pantone &K6@2. %e >JB values are approximately &@6, 8@, 8&0. */ pu)lic static inal Color B<[>E= A ne Color&@6, 8@, 8&0(

// deault colors private static inal Color =EV32L%[PEG[CL> A BL3C<( private static inal Color =EV32L%[CLE3>[CL> A WH;%E(

// current pen color private static Color penColor(

// deault canvas siQe is =EV32L%[-;Ê5)y5=EV32L%[-;Ê private static inal int =EV32L%[-;Ê A @&9( private static int idt A =EV32L%[-;Ê( private static int ei#t A =EV32L%[-;Ê(

// deault pen radius private static inal dou)le =EV32L%[PEG[>3=;2- A 6.669(

// current pen radius private static dou)le pen>adius(

// so e dra immediately or ait until next so4 private static )oolean deer A alse(

// )oundary o drain# canvas, @$ )order private static inal dou)le B>=E> A 6.6@( private static inal dou)le =EV32L%[;G A 6.6( private static inal dou)le =EV32L%[3 A &.6( private static inal dou)le =EV32L%[7;G A 6.6( private static inal dou)le =EV32L%[73 A &.6( private static dou)le xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax(

// or syncroniQation private static )ject mouseLoc A ne )ject0( private static )ject eyLoc A ne )ject0(

// deault ont private static inal Vont =EV32L%[VG% A ne Vont"-ans-eri", Vont.PL3;G,&0(

// current ont private static Vont ont(

// dou)le )uered #rapics private static Buered;ma#e oscreen;ma#e, onscreen;ma#e( private static Jrapics9= oscreen, onscreen(



// sin#leton or call)acs: avoids #eneration o extra .class iles private static -td=ra std A ne -td=ra0(

// te rame or drain# to te screen private static UVrame rame(

// mouse state private static )oolean mousePressed A alse( private static dou)le mouse A 6( private static dou)le mouse7 A 6(

// Fueue o typed ey caracters private static LinedListSCaracterM eys%yped A neLinedListSCaracterM0(

// set o ey codes currently pressed don private static %ree-etS;nte#erM eys=on A ne %ree-etS;nte#erM0(

// sin#leton pattern: client can!t instantiate private -td=ra0 + 1

// static initialiQer static + init0( 1

/** * -et te indo siQe to te deault siQe @&95)y5@&9 pixels. * %is metod must )e called )eore any oter commands. */ pu)lic static void setCanvas-iQe0 + setCanvas-iQe=EV32L%[-;^E, =EV32L%[-;^E0( 1

/** * -et te indo siQe to 5)y5 pixels. * %is metod must )e called )eore any oter commands. * * \param te idt as a num)er o pixels * \param te ei#t as a num)er o pixels * \tros a ;lle#al3r#umentException i te idt or ei#t is 6 orne#ative */ pu)lic static void setCanvas-iQeint , int 0 + i S & S &0 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"idt andei#t must )e positive"0(

idt A ( ei#t A ( init0( 1

// init private static void init0 + i rame OA null0 rame.set]isi)lealse0( rame A ne UVrame0(



oscreen;ma#e A ne Buered;ma#eidt, ei#t,Buered;ma#e.%7PE[;G%[3>JB0( onscreen;ma#e A ne Buered;ma#eidt, ei#t,Buered;ma#e.%7PE[;G%[3>JB0( oscreen A oscreen;ma#e.createJrapics0( onscreen A onscreen;ma#e.createJrapics0( setscale0( set7scale0( oscreen.setColor=EV32L%[CLE3>[CL>0( oscreen.ill>ect6, 6, idt, ei#t0( setPenColor0( setPen>adius0( setVont0( clear0(

// add antialiasin# >enderin#Hints ints A ne>enderin#Hints>enderin#Hints.<E7[3G%;3L;3-;GJ, >enderin#Hints.]3L2E[3G%;3L;3-[G0(

ints.put>enderin#Hints.<E7[>EG=E>;GJ,>enderin#Hints.]3L2E[>EG=E>[I23L;%70( oscreen.add>enderin#Hintsints0(

// rame stu ;ma#e;con icon A ne ;ma#e;cononscreen;ma#e0( ULa)el dra A ne ULa)elicon0(

dra.addouseListenerstd0( dra.addouseotionListenerstd0(

rame.setContentPanedra0( rame.add<eyListenerstd0( // ULa)el cannot #et ey)oard ocus rame.set>esiQa)lealse0( rame.set=eaultCloseperationUVrame.E;%[G[CL-E0( //closes all indos // rame.set=eaultCloseperationUVrame.=;-P-E[G[CL-E0( //closes only current indo rame.set%itle"-tandard =ra"0( rame.setUenuBarcreateenuBar00( rame.pac0( rame.reFuestVocus;nWindo0( rame.set]isi)letrue0( 1

// create te menu )ar can#ed to private0 private static UenuBar createenuBar0 +

UenuBar menuBar A ne UenuBar0( Uenu menu A ne Uenu"Vile"0( menuBar.addmenu0( Uenu;tem menu;tem& A ne Uenu;tem" -ave... "0( menu;tem&.add3ctionListenerstd0( menu;tem&.set3ccelerator<ey-troe.#et<ey-troe<eyEvent.]<[-, %oolit.#et=eault%oolit0.#etenu-ortcut<eyas000( menu.addmenu;tem&0( return menuBar(



1

/************************************************************************* * 2ser and screen coordinate systems *************************************************************************/

/** * -et te x5scale to )e te deault )eteen 6.6 and &.60. */ pu)lic static void setscale0 + setscale=EV32L%[;G, =EV32L%[30( 1

/** * -et te y5scale to )e te deault )eteen 6.6 and &.60. */ pu)lic static void set7scale0 + set7scale=EV32L%[7;G, =EV32L%[730( 1

/** * -et te x5scale a &6$ )order is added to te values0 * \param min te minimum value o te x5scale

* \param max te maximum value o te x5scale */ pu)lic static void setscaledou)le min, dou)le max0 + dou)le siQe A max 5 min( syncroniQed mouseLoc0 + xmin A min 5 B>=E> * siQe( xmax A max B>=E> * siQe( 1 1

/** * -et te y5scale a &6$ )order is added to te values0. * \param min te minimum value o te y5scale * \param max te maximum value o te y5scale */ pu)lic static void set7scaledou)le min, dou)le max0 + dou)le siQe A max 5 min( syncroniQed mouseLoc0 + ymin A min 5 B>=E> * siQe( ymax A max B>=E> * siQe( 1 1

/** * -et te x5scale and y5scale a &6$ )order is added to te values0 * \param min te minimum value o te x5 and y5scales * \param max te maximum value o te x5 and y5scales

*/ pu)lic static void set-caledou)le min, dou)le max0 + dou)le siQe A max 5 min( syncroniQed mouseLoc0 + xmin A min 5 B>=E> * siQe( xmax A max B>=E> * siQe( ymin A min 5 B>=E> * siQe( ymax A max B>=E> * siQe( 1 1



// elper unctions tat scale rom user coordinates to screen coordinatesand )ac private static dou)le scaledou)le x0 + return idt * x 5 xmin0 /xmax 5 xmin0( 1 private static dou)le scale7dou)le y0 + return ei#t * ymax 5 y0 /ymax 5 ymin0( 1 private static dou)le actordou)le 0 + return * idt /at.a)sxmax 5 xmin0( 1 private static dou)le actor7dou)le 0 + return * ei#t /at.a)symax 5 ymin0( 1 private static dou)le userdou)le x0 + return xmin x * xmax 5 xmin0/ idt( 1 private static dou)le user7dou)le y0 + return ymax 5 y * ymax 5 ymin0/ ei#t( 1

/** * Clear te screen to te deault color ite0. */

pu)lic static void clear0 + clear=EV32L%[CLE3>[CL>0( 1 /** * Clear te screen to te #iven color. * \param color te Color to mae te )ac#round */ pu)lic static void clearColor color0 + oscreen.setColorcolor0( oscreen.ill>ect6, 6, idt, ei#t0( oscreen.setColorpenColor0( dra0( 1

/** * Jet te current pen radius. */ pu)lic static dou)le #etPen>adius0 + return pen>adius( 1

/** * -et te pen siQe to te deault .6690. */ pu)lic static void setPen>adius0 + setPen>adius=EV32L%[PEG[>3=;2-0( 1 /** * -et te radius o te pen to te #iven siQe. * \param r te radius o te pen * \tros ;lle#al3r#umentException i r is ne#ative */ pu)lic static void setPen>adiusdou)le r0 +

i r S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"pen radius must )enonne#ative"0( pen>adius A r( loat scaledPen>adius A loat0 r * =EV32L%[-;^E0( Basic-troe stroe A ne Basic-troescaledPen>adius,Basic-troe.C3P[>2G=, Basic-troe.U;G[>2G=0( // Basic-troe stroe A ne Basic-troescaledPen>adius0( oscreen.set-troestroe0( 1



/** * Jet te current pen color. */ pu)lic static Color #etPenColor0 + return penColor( 1

/** * -et te pen color to te deault color )lac0. */ pu)lic static void setPenColor0 + setPenColor=EV32L%[PEG[CL>0( 1

/** * -et te pen color to te #iven color. %e availa)le pen colors are * BL3C<, BL2E, C73G, =3><[J>37, J>37, J>EEG, L;JH%[J>37, 3JEG%3, * >3GJE, P;G<, >E=, WH;%E, and 7ELLW. * \param color te Color to mae te pen */ pu)lic static void setPenColorColor color0 + penColor A color( oscreen.setColorpenColor0( 1

/** * -et te pen color to te #iven >JB color. * \param red te amount o red )eteen 6 and 9@@0 * \param #reen te amount o #reen )eteen 6 and 9@@0 * \param )lue te amount o )lue )eteen 6 and 9@@0 * \tros ;lle#al3r#umentException i te amount o red, #reen, or )lueare outside prescri)ed ran#e */ pu)lic static void setPenColorint red, int #reen, int )lue0 + i red S 6 red MA 9@0 tro ne;lle#al3r#umentException"amount o red must )e )eteen 6 and 9@@"0( i #reen S 6 #reen MA 9@0 tro ne;lle#al3r#umentException"amount o red must )e )eteen 6 and 9@@"0( i )lue S 6 )lue MA 9@0 tro ne;lle#al3r#umentException"amount o red must )e )eteen 6 and 9@@"0( setPenColorne Colorred, #reen, )lue00( 1

/** * Jet te current ont. */ pu)lic static Vont #etVont0 + return ont( 1

/** * -et te ont to te deault ont sans seri, & point0. */

pu)lic static void setVont0 + setVont=EV32L%[VG%0( 1

/** * -et te ont to te #iven value. * \param te ont to mae text */ pu)lic static void setVontVont 0 + ont A ( 1

/*************************************************************************



* =rain# #eometric sapes. *************************************************************************/

/** * =ra a line rom x6, y60 to x&, y&0. * \param x6 te x5coordinate o te startin# point * \param y6 te y5coordinate o te startin# point * \param x& te x5coordinate o te destination point * \param y& te y5coordinate o te destination point */ pu)lic static void linedou)le x6, dou)le y6, dou)le x&, dou)le y&0 + oscreen.drane Line9=.=ou)lescalex60, scale7y60, scalex&0,scale7y&000( dra0( 1

/** * =ra one pixel at x, y0. * \param x te x5coordinate o te pixel * \param y te y5coordinate o te pixel

*/ private static void pixeldou)le x, dou)le y0 + oscreen.ill>ectint0 at.roundscalex00, int0at.roundscale7y00, &, &0( 1

/** * =ra a point at x, y0. * \param x te x5coordinate o te point * \param y te y5coordinate o te point */ pu)lic static void pointdou)le x, dou)le y0 + dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0( dou)le r A pen>adius( loat scaledPen>adius A loat0 r * =EV32L%[-;^E0(

// dou)le s A actor9*r0( // dou)le s A actor79*r0( // i s SA & NN s SA &0 pixelx, y0( i scaledPen>adius SA &0 pixelx, y0( else oscreen.illne Ellipse9=.=ou)lexs 5 scaledPen>adius/9, ys 5scaledPen>adius/9, scaledPen>adius,scaledPen>adius00( dra0( 1

/** * =ra a circle o radius r, centered on x, y0. * \param x te x5coordinate o te center o te circle * \param y te y5coordinate o te center o te circle * \param r te radius o te circle * \tros ;lle#al3r#umentException i te radius o te circle isne#ative */ pu)lic static void circledou)le x, dou)le y, dou)le r0 +



i r S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"circle radius must )enonne#ative"0( dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0( dou)le s A actor9*r0( dou)le s A actor79*r0( i s SA & NN s SA &0 pixelx, y0( else oscreen.drane Ellipse9=.=ou)lexs 5 s/9, ys 5 s/9, s,s00( dra0( 1

/** * =ra illed circle o radius r, centered on x, y0. * \param x te x5coordinate o te center o te circle * \param y te y5coordinate o te center o te circle * \param r te radius o te circle * \tros ;lle#al3r#umentException i te radius o te circle isne#ative */

pu)lic static void illedCircledou)le x, dou)le y, dou)le r0 + i r S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"circle radius must )enonne#ative"0( dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0( dou)le s A actor9*r0( dou)le s A actor79*r0( i s SA & NN s SA &0 pixelx, y0( else oscreen.illne Ellipse9=.=ou)lexs 5 s/9, ys 5 s/9, s,s00( dra0( 1

/** * =ra an ellipse it #iven semimajor and semiminor axes, centered onx, y0. * \param x te x5coordinate o te center o te ellipse * \param y te y5coordinate o te center o te ellipse * \param semiajor3xis is te semimajor axis o te ellipse * \param semiinor3xis is te semiminor axis o te ellipse * \tros ;lle#al3r#umentException i eiter o te axes are ne#ative */ pu)lic static void ellipsedou)le x, dou)le y, dou)le semiajor3xis,dou)le semiinor3xis0 + i semiajor3xis S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"ellipsesemimajor axis must )e nonne#ative"0(

i semiinor3xis S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"ellipsesemiminor axis must )e nonne#ative"0( dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0( dou)le s A actor9*semiajor3xis0( dou)le s A actor79*semiinor3xis0( i s SA & NN s SA &0 pixelx, y0( else oscreen.drane Ellipse9=.=ou)lexs 5 s/9, ys 5 s/9, s,s00( dra0(



1

/** * =ra an ellipse it #iven semimajor and semiminor axes, centered onx, y0. * \param x te x5coordinate o te center o te ellipse * \param y te y5coordinate o te center o te ellipse * \param semiajor3xis is te semimajor axis o te ellipse * \param semiinor3xis is te semiminor axis o te ellipse * \tros ;lle#al3r#umentException i eiter o te axes are ne#ative */ pu)lic static void illedEllipsedou)le x, dou)le y, dou)le semiajor3xis,dou)le semiinor3xis0 + i semiajor3xis S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"ellipsesemimajor axis must )e nonne#ative"0( i semiinor3xis S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"ellipsesemiminor axis must )e nonne#ative"0( dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0( dou)le s A actor9*semiajor3xis0(

dou)le s A actor79*semiinor3xis0( i s SA & NN s SA &0 pixelx, y0( else oscreen.illne Ellipse9=.=ou)lexs 5 s/9, ys 5 s/9, s,s00( dra0( 1

/** * =ra an arc o radius r, centered on x, y0, rom an#le& to an#le9 inde#rees0. * \param x te x5coordinate o te center o te circle * \param y te y5coordinate o te center o te circle * \param r te radius o te circle * \param an#le& te startin# an#le. 6 ould mean an arc )e#innin# at 8o!cloc. * \param an#le9 te an#le at te end o te arc. Vor example, i * you ant a D6 de#ree arc, ten an#le9 sould )e an#le& D6. * \tros ;lle#al3r#umentException i te radius o te circle isne#ative */ pu)lic static void arcdou)le x, dou)le y, dou)le r, dou)le an#le&, dou)lean#le90 + i r S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"arc radius must )enonne#ative"0( ile an#le9 S an#le&0 an#le9 A 86( dou)le xs A scalex0(

dou)le ys A scale7y0( dou)le s A actor9*r0( dou)le s A actor79*r0( i s SA & NN s SA &0 pixelx, y0( else oscreen.drane 3rc9=.=ou)lexs 5 s/9, ys 5 s/9, s, s,an#le&, an#le9 5 an#le&, 3rc9=.PEG00( dra0( 1

/**



* =ra a sFuare o side len#t 9r, centered on x, y0. * \param x te x5coordinate o te center o te sFuare * \param y te y5coordinate o te center o te sFuare * \param r radius is al te len#t o any side o te sFuare * \tros ;lle#al3r#umentException i r is ne#ative */ pu)lic static void sFuaredou)le x, dou)le y, dou)le r0 + i r S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"sFuare side len#t must)e nonne#ative"0( dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0( dou)le s A actor9*r0( dou)le s A actor79*r0( i s SA & NN s SA &0 pixelx, y0( else oscreen.drane >ectan#le9=.=ou)lexs 5 s/9, ys 5 s/9, s,s00( dra0( 1

/**

* =ra a illed sFuare o side len#t 9r, centered on x, y0. * \param x te x5coordinate o te center o te sFuare * \param y te y5coordinate o te center o te sFuare * \param r radius is al te len#t o any side o te sFuare * \tros ;lle#al3r#umentException i r is ne#ative */ pu)lic static void illed-Fuaredou)le x, dou)le y, dou)le r0 + i r S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"sFuare side len#t must)e nonne#ative"0( dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0( dou)le s A actor9*r0( dou)le s A actor79*r0( i s SA & NN s SA &0 pixelx, y0( else oscreen.illne >ectan#le9=.=ou)lexs 5 s/9, ys 5 s/9, s,s00( dra0( 1

/** * =ra a rectan#le o #iven al idt and al ei#t, centered on x,y0. * \param x te x5coordinate o te center o te rectan#le * \param y te y5coordinate o te center o te rectan#le * \param alWidt is al te idt o te rectan#le * \param alHei#t is al te ei#t o te rectan#le

* \tros ;lle#al3r#umentException i alWidt or alHei#t is ne#ative */ pu)lic static void rectan#ledou)le x, dou)le y, dou)le alWidt, dou)lealHei#t0 + i alWidt S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"al idtmust )e nonne#ative"0( i alHei#t S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"al ei#tmust )e nonne#ative"0( dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0(



dou)le s A actor9*alWidt0( dou)le s A actor79*alHei#t0( i s SA & NN s SA &0 pixelx, y0( else oscreen.drane >ectan#le9=.=ou)lexs 5 s/9, ys 5 s/9, s,s00( dra0( 1

/** * =ra a illed rectan#le o #iven al idt and al ei#t, centeredon x, y0. * \param x te x5coordinate o te center o te rectan#le * \param y te y5coordinate o te center o te rectan#le * \param alWidt is al te idt o te rectan#le * \param alHei#t is al te ei#t o te rectan#le * \tros ;lle#al3r#umentException i alWidt or alHei#t is ne#ative */ pu)lic static void illed>ectan#ledou)le x, dou)le y, dou)le alWidt,dou)le alHei#t0 + i alWidt S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"al idt

must )e nonne#ative"0( i alHei#t S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"al ei#tmust )e nonne#ative"0( dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0( dou)le s A actor9*alWidt0( dou)le s A actor79*alHei#t0( i s SA & NN s SA &0 pixelx, y0( else oscreen.illne >ectan#le9=.=ou)lexs 5 s/9, ys 5 s/9, s,s00( dra0( 1

/** * =ra a poly#on it te #iven xi, yi0 coordinates. * \param x an array o all te x5coordindates o te poly#on * \param y an array o all te y5coordindates o te poly#on */ pu)lic static void poly#ondou)le x, dou)le y0 + int G A x.len#t( JeneralPat pat A ne JeneralPat0( pat.move%oloat0 scalex60, loat0 scale7y600( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 pat.line%oloat0 scalexi0, loat0 scale7yi00( pat.closePat0( oscreen.drapat0(

dra0( 1

/** * =ra a illed poly#on it te #iven xi, yi0 coordinates. * \param x an array o all te x5coordindates o te poly#on * \param y an array o all te y5coordindates o te poly#on */ pu)lic static void illedPoly#ondou)le x, dou)le y0 + int G A x.len#t(



JeneralPat pat A ne JeneralPat0( pat.move%oloat0 scalex60, loat0 scale7y600( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 pat.line%oloat0 scalexi0, loat0 scale7yi00( pat.closePat0( oscreen.illpat0( dra0( 1

/************************************************************************* * =rain# ima#es. *************************************************************************/

// #et an ima#e rom te #iven ilename private static ;ma#e #et;ma#e-trin# ilename0 +

// to read rom ile ;ma#e;con icon A ne ;ma#e;conilename0(

// try to read rom 2>L i icon AA null0 icon.#et;ma#eLoad-tatus0 OAedia%racer.CPLE%E00 + try + 2>L url A ne 2>Lilename0( icon A ne ;ma#e;conurl0( 1 catc Exception e0 + /* not a url */ 1 1

// in case ile is inside a .jar i icon AA null0 icon.#et;ma#eLoad-tatus0 OAedia%racer.CPLE%E00 + 2>L url A -td=ra.class.#et>esourceilename0( i url AA null0 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"ima#e " ilename " not ound"0( icon A ne ;ma#e;conurl0( 1

return icon.#et;ma#e0( 1

/** * =ra picture #i, jp#, or pn#0 centered on x, y0. * \param x te center x5coordinate o te ima#e * \param y te center y5coordinate o te ima#e * \param s te name o te ima#e/picture, e.#., ")all.#i"

* \tros ;lle#al3r#umentException i te ima#e is corrupt */ pu)lic static void picturedou)le x, dou)le y, -trin# s0 + ;ma#e ima#e A #et;ma#es0( dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0( int s A ima#e.#etWidtnull0( int s A ima#e.#etHei#tnull0( i s S 6 s S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"ima#e " s " is corrupt"0(



oscreen.dra;ma#eima#e, int0 at.roundxs 5 s/9.60, int0at.roundys 5 s/9.60, null0( dra0( 1

/** * =ra picture #i, jp#, or pn#0 centered on x, y0, * rotated #iven num)er o de#rees * \param x te center x5coordinate o te ima#e * \param y te center y5coordinate o te ima#e * \param s te name o te ima#e/picture, e.#., ")all.#i" * \param de#rees is te num)er o de#rees to rotate counterclocise * \tros ;lle#al3r#umentException i te ima#e is corrupt */ pu)lic static void picturedou)le x, dou)le y, -trin# s, dou)le de#rees0 + ;ma#e ima#e A #et;ma#es0( dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0( int s A ima#e.#etWidtnull0(

int s A ima#e.#etHei#tnull0( i s S 6 s S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"ima#e " s " is corrupt"0(

oscreen.rotateat.to>adians5de#rees0, xs, ys0( oscreen.dra;ma#eima#e, int0 at.roundxs 5 s/9.60, int0at.roundys 5 s/9.60, null0( oscreen.rotateat.to>adiansde#rees0, xs, ys0(

dra0( 1

/** * =ra picture #i, jp#, or pn#0 centered on x, y0, rescaled to 5)y5. * \param x te center x coordinate o te ima#e * \param y te center y coordinate o te ima#e * \param s te name o te ima#e/picture, e.#., ")all.#i" * \param te idt o te ima#e * \param te ei#t o te ima#e * \tros ;lle#al3r#umentException i te idt ei#t are ne#ative * \tros ;lle#al3r#umentException i te ima#e is corrupt */ pu)lic static void picturedou)le x, dou)le y, -trin# s, dou)le , dou)le0 + ;ma#e ima#e A #et;ma#es0( dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0(

i S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"idt is ne#ative: " 0( i S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"ei#t is ne#ative: " 0( dou)le s A actor0( dou)le s A actor70( i s S 6 s S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"ima#e " s " is corrupt"0( i s SA & NN s SA &0 pixelx, y0( else +



oscreen.dra;ma#eima#e, int0 at.roundxs 5 s/9.60, int0 at.roundys 5 s/9.60, int0 at.rounds0, int0 at.rounds0, null0( 1 dra0( 1

/** * =ra picture #i, jp#, or pn#0 centered on x, y0, rotated * #iven num)er o de#rees, rescaled to 5)y5. * \param x te center x5coordinate o te ima#e * \param y te center y5coordinate o te ima#e * \param s te name o te ima#e/picture, e.#., ")all.#i" * \param te idt o te ima#e * \param te ei#t o te ima#e * \param de#rees is te num)er o de#rees to rotate counterclocise * \tros ;lle#al3r#umentException i te ima#e is corrupt */

pu)lic static void picturedou)le x, dou)le y, -trin# s, dou)le , dou)le, dou)le de#rees0 + ;ma#e ima#e A #et;ma#es0( dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0( dou)le s A actor0( dou)le s A actor70( i s S 6 s S 60 tro ne ;lle#al3r#umentException"ima#e " s " is corrupt"0( i s SA & NN s SA &0 pixelx, y0(

oscreen.rotateat.to>adians5de#rees0, xs, ys0( oscreen.dra;ma#eima#e, int0 at.roundxs 5 s/9.60, int0 at.roundys 5 s/9.60, int0 at.rounds0, int0 at.rounds0, null0( oscreen.rotateat.to>adiansde#rees0, xs, ys0(

dra0( 1

/************************************************************************* * =rain# text. *************************************************************************/

/**

* Write te #iven text strin# in te current ont, centered on x, y0. * \param x te center x5coordinate o te text * \param y te center y5coordinate o te text * \param s te text */ pu)lic static void textdou)le x, dou)le y, -trin# s0 + oscreen.setVontont0( Vontetrics metrics A oscreen.#etVontetrics0( dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0(



int s A metrics.strin#Widts0( int s A metrics.#et=escent0( oscreen.dra-trin#s, loat0 xs 5 s/9.60, loat0 ys s00( dra0( 1

/** * Write te #iven text strin# in te current ont, centered on x, y0 and * rotated )y te speciied num)er o de#rees

* \param x te center x5coordinate o te text * \param y te center y5coordinate o te text * \param s te text * \param de#rees is te num)er o de#rees to rotate counterclocise */ pu)lic static void textdou)le x, dou)le y, -trin# s, dou)le de#rees0 + dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0( oscreen.rotateat.to>adians5de#rees0, xs, ys0( textx, y, s0( oscreen.rotateat.to>adiansde#rees0, xs, ys0(

1

/** * Write te #iven text strin# in te current ont, let5ali#ned at x,y0. * \param x te x5coordinate o te text * \param y te y5coordinate o te text * \param s te text */ pu)lic static void textLetdou)le x, dou)le y, -trin# s0 + oscreen.setVontont0( Vontetrics metrics A oscreen.#etVontetrics0( dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0( int s A metrics.#et=escent0( oscreen.dra-trin#s, loat0 xs0, loat0 ys s00( dra0( 1

/** * Write te #iven text strin# in te current ont, ri#t5ali#ned at x,y0. * \param x te x5coordinate o te text * \param y te y5coordinate o te text * \param s te text */

pu)lic static void text>i#tdou)le x, dou)le y, -trin# s0 + oscreen.setVontont0( Vontetrics metrics A oscreen.#etVontetrics0( dou)le xs A scalex0( dou)le ys A scale7y0( int s A metrics.strin#Widts0( int s A metrics.#et=escent0( oscreen.dra-trin#s, loat0 xs 5 s0, loat0 ys s00( dra0( 1



/** * =isplay on screen, pause or t milliseconds, and turn on * SemManimation modeS/emM: su)seFuent calls to * drain# metods suc as SttMline0S/ttM, SttMcircle0S/ttM, andSttMsFuare0S/ttM * ill not )e displayed on screen until te next call to SttMso0S/ttM. * %is is useul or producin# animations clear te screen, dra a )unco sapes, * display on screen or a ixed amount o time, and repeat0. ;t alsospeeds up * drain# a u#e num)er o sapes call SttMso60S/ttM to deer drain# * on screen, dra te sapes, and call SttMso60S/ttM to display temall * on screen at once0. * \param t num)er o milliseconds */ pu)lic static void soint t0 +

deer A alse( dra0( try + %read.sleept0( 1 catc ;nterruptedException e0 + -ystem.out.println"Error sleepin#"0(1 deer A true( 1

/** * =isplay on5screen and turn o animation mode: * su)seFuent calls to * drain# metods suc as SttMline0S/ttM, SttMcircle0S/ttM, andSttMsFuare0S/ttM * ill )e displayed on screen en called. %is is te deault. */ pu)lic static void so0 + deer A alse( dra0( 1

// dra onscreen i deer is alse private static void dra0 + i deer0 return( onscreen.dra;ma#eoscreen;ma#e, 6, 6, null0( rame.repaint0( 1

/************************************************************************* * -ave drain# to a ile. *************************************************************************/

/** * -ave onscreen ima#e to ile 5 suix must )e pn#, jp#, or #i. * \param ilename te name o te ile it one o te reFuired suixes */ pu)lic static void save-trin# ilename0 +



Vile ile A ne Vileilename0( -trin# suix A ilename.su)strin#ilename.last;ndex!.!0 &0(

// pn# iles i suix.toLoerCase0.eFuals"pn#"00 + try + ;ma#e;.riteonscreen;ma#e, suix, ile0( 1 catc ;Exception e0 + e.print-tac%race0( 1 1

// need to can#e rom 3>JB to >JB or jpe# // reerence: ttp://arcives.java.sun.com/c#i5)in/a439Aind6?6?NLAjava9d5interestN=A6NPA9'9' else i suix.toLoerCase0.eFuals"jp#"00 + Writa)le>aster raster A onscreen;ma#e.#et>aster0( Writa)le>aster ne>aster( ne>aster A raster.createWrita)leCild6, 6, idt, ei#t, 6, 6,ne int +6, &, 910( =irectColorodel cm A =irectColorodel0onscreen;ma#e.#etColorodel0( =irectColorodel neC A ne =irectColorodelcm.#etPixel-iQe0,

cm.#et>edas0, cm.#etJreenas0, cm.#etBlueas00( Buered;ma#e r#)Buer A ne Buered;ma#eneC, ne>aster,alse, null0( try + ;ma#e;.riter#)Buer, suix, ile0( 1 catc ;Exception e0 + e.print-tac%race0( 1 1

else + -ystem.out.println";nvalid ima#e ile type: " suix0( 1 1

/** * %is metod cannot )e called directly. */ pu)lic void actionPerormed3ctionEvent e0 + Vile=ialo# cooser A ne Vile=ialo#-td=ra.rame, "2se a .pn# or .jp#extension", Vile=ialo#.-3]E0( cooser.set]isi)letrue0( -trin# ilename A cooser.#etVile0( i ilename OA null0 + -td=ra.savecooser.#et=irectory0 Vile.separator cooser.#etVile00( 1

1

/************************************************************************* * ouse interactions. *************************************************************************/

/** * ;s te mouse )ein# pressed4 * \return true or alse



*/ pu)lic static )oolean mousePressed0 + syncroniQed mouseLoc0 + return mousePressed( 1 1

/** * Wat is te x5coordinate o te mouse4 * \return te value o te x5coordinate o te mouse */ pu)lic static dou)le mouse0 + syncroniQed mouseLoc0 + return mouse( 1 1

/** * Wat is te y5coordinate o te mouse4 * \return te value o te y5coordinate o te mouse

*/ pu)lic static dou)le mouse70 + syncroniQed mouseLoc0 + return mouse7( 1 1

/** * %is metod cannot )e called directly. */ pu)lic void mouseClicedouseEvent e0 + 1

/** * %is metod cannot )e called directly. */ pu)lic void mouseEnteredouseEvent e0 + 1

/** * %is metod cannot )e called directly. */ pu)lic void mouseExitedouseEvent e0 + 1

/** * %is metod cannot )e called directly. */ pu)lic void mousePressedouseEvent e0 +

syncroniQed mouseLoc0 + mouse A -td=ra.usere.#et00( mouse7 A -td=ra.user7e.#et700( mousePressed A true( 1 1

/** * %is metod cannot )e called directly. */



pu)lic void mouse>eleasedouseEvent e0 + syncroniQed mouseLoc0 + mousePressed A alse( 1 1

/** * %is metod cannot )e called directly. */ pu)lic void mouse=ra##edouseEvent e0 + syncroniQed mouseLoc0 + mouse A -td=ra.usere.#et00( mouse7 A -td=ra.user7e.#et700( 1 1

/** * %is metod cannot )e called directly. */ pu)lic void mouseovedouseEvent e0 +

syncroniQed mouseLoc0 + mouse A -td=ra.usere.#et00( mouse7 A -td=ra.user7e.#et700( 1 1

/************************************************************************* * <ey)oard interactions. *************************************************************************/

/** * Has te user typed a ey4 * \return true i te user as typed a ey, alse oterise */ pu)lic static )oolean asGext<ey%yped0 + syncroniQed eyLoc0 + return Oeys%yped.isEmpty0( 1 1

/** * Wat is te next ey tat as typed )y te user4 %is metod returns * a 2nicode caracter correspondin# to te ey typed suc as !a! or!3!0. * ;t cannot identiy action eys suc as V& * and arro eys0 or modiier eys suc as control0.

* \return te next 2nicode ey typed */ pu)lic static car next<ey%yped0 + syncroniQed eyLoc0 + return eys%yped.removeLast0( 1 1

/**



* ;s te eycode currently )ein# pressed4 %is metod taes as anar#ument * te eycode correspondin# to a pysical ey0. ;t can andle actioneys * suc as V& and arro eys0 and modiier eys suc as sit andcontrol0. * -ee Sa re A"ttp://donload.oracle.com/javase//docs/api/java/at/event/<eyEvent.tml"M<eyEvent.javaS/aM * or a description o ey codes. * \return true i eycode is currently )ein# pressed, alse oterise */ pu)lic static )oolean is<eyPressedint eycode0 + syncroniQed eyLoc0 + return eys=on.containseycode0( 1 1

/**

* %is metod cannot )e called directly. */ pu)lic void ey%yped<eyEvent e0 + syncroniQed eyLoc0 + eys%yped.addVirste.#et<eyCar00( 1 1

/** * %is metod cannot )e called directly. */ pu)lic void eyPressed<eyEvent e0 + syncroniQed eyLoc0 + eys=on.adde.#et<eyCode00( 1 1

/** * %is metod cannot )e called directly. */ pu)lic void ey>eleased<eyEvent e0 + syncroniQed eyLoc0 + eys=on.removee.#et<eyCode00( 1 1

/** * %est client. */ pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + -td=ra.sFuare.9, .K, .&0( -td=ra.illed-Fuare.K, .K, .90( -td=ra.circle.K, .9, .90(



-td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.B<[>E=0( -td=ra.setPen>adius.690( -td=ra.arc.K, .9, .&, 966, ?@0(

// dra a )lue diamond -td=ra.setPen>adius0( -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.B<[BL2E0( dou)le x A + .&, .9, .8, .9 1( dou)le y A + .9, .8, .9, .& 1( -td=ra.illedPoly#onx, y0(

// text -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.BL3C<0( -td=ra.text6.9, 6.@, ")lac text"0( -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.WH;%E0( -td=ra.text6.K, 6.K, "ite text"0( 1

1

Copyright © 2000–2011, Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne. Lat !pdated" )!e 5ct 23 0%"10"2% ($) 201.

t#Au#io.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9tdAudio.java from § 9tandard )i&raries. Here is the

+avado(.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -td3udio.java * Execution: java -td3udio ** -imple li)rary or readin#, ritin#, and manipulatin# .av iles.

* * Limitations * 55555555555 * 5 =oes not seem to or properly en readin# .av iles rom a .jarile. * 5 3ssumes te audio is monaural, it samplin# rate o ??,&66. *

*************************************************************************/

import java.applet.*(import java.io.*(import java.net.*(import javax.sound.sampled.*(

/** * SiM-tandard audioS/iM. %is class provides a )asic capa)ility or * creatin#, readin#, and savin# audio.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/StdAudio.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/stdlib/javadoc/StdAudio.html



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/stdlib/javadoc/StdAudio.html



* SpM * %e audio ormat uses a samplin# rate o ??,&66 C= Fuality audio0, &5)it, monaural. * * SpM * Vor additional documentation, see SareA"ttp://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/&@inout"M-ection &.@S/aM o * SiM;ntroduction to Pro#rammin# in Uava: 3n ;nterdisciplinary 3pproacS/iM)y >o)ert -ed#eic and <evin Wayne. * * \autor >o)ert -ed#eic * \autor <evin Wayne */pu)lic inal class -td3udio +

/** * %e sample rate 5 ??,&66 HQ or C= Fuality audio. */ pu)lic static inal int -3PLE[>3%E A ??&66(

private static inal int B7%E-[PE>[-3PLE A 9( // &5)itaudio private static inal int B;%-[PE>[-3PLE A &( // &5)itaudio private static inal dou)le 3[&[B;% A -ort.3[]3L2E( // 89,'' private static inal int -3PLE[B2VVE>[-;^E A ?6D(

private static -ource=ataLine line( // to play te sound private static )yte )uer( // our internal )uer private static int )uer-iQe A 6( // num)er o samples currently ininternal )uer

// do not instantiate private -td3udio0 + 1

// static initialiQer

static + init0( 1

// open up an audio stream private static void init0 + try + // ??,&66 samples per second, &5)it audio, mono, si#ned PC,little Endian 3udioVormat ormat A ne 3udioVormatloat0 -3PLE[>3%E,B;%-[PE>[-3PLE, &, true, alse0(

=ataLine.;no ino A ne =ataLine.;no-ource=ataLine.class,ormat0(

line A -ource=ataLine0 3udio-ystem.#etLineino0( line.openormat, -3PLE[B2VVE>[-;^E * B7%E-[PE>[-3PLE0(

// te internal )uer is a raction o te actual )uer siQe,tis coice is ar)itrary // it #ets divided )ecause e can!t expect te )uered data toline up exactly it en



// te sound card decides to pus out its samples. )uer A ne )yte-3PLE[B2VVE>[-;^E * B7%E-[PE>[-3PLE/8( 1 catc Exception e0 + -ystem.out.printlne.#etessa#e00( -ystem.exit&0( 1

// no sound #ets made )eore tis call line.start0( 1

/** * Close standard audio. */ pu)lic static void close0 + line.drain0( line.stop0( 1

/** * Write one sample )eteen 5&.6 and &.60 to standard audio. ; tesample * is outside te ran#e, it ill )e clipped. */ pu)lic static void playdou)le in0 +

// clip i outside 5&, & i in S 5&.60 in A 5&.6( i in M &.60 in A &.6(

// convert to )ytes sort s A sort0 3[&[B;% * in0( )uer)uer-iQe A )yte0 s( )uer)uer-iQe A )yte0 s MM K0( // little Endian

// send to sound card i )uer is ulli )uer-iQe MA )uer.len#t0 +

line.rite)uer, 6, )uer.len#t0( )uer-iQe A 6( 1 1

/** * Write an array o samples )eteen 5&.6 and &.60 to standard audio. ;a sample * is outside te ran#e, it ill )e clipped.

*/ pu)lic static void playdou)le input0 + or int i A 6( i S input.len#t( i0 + playinputi0( 1 1

/** * >ead audio samples rom a ile in .av or .au ormat0 and return temas a dou)le array



* it values )eteen 5&.6 and &.6. */ pu)lic static dou)le read-trin# ilename0 + )yte data A readByteilename0( int G A data.len#t( dou)le d A ne dou)leG/9( or int i A 6( i S G/9( i0 + di A sort0 data9*i& N 6xVV0 SS K0 data9*i N6xVV000 / dou)le0 3[&[B;%0( 1 return d( 1

/** * Play a sound ile in .av, .mid, or .au ormat0 in a )ac#roundtread. */

pu)lic static void play-trin# ilename0 + 2>L url A null( try + Vile ile A ne Vileilename0( i ile.can>ead00 url A ile.to2>;0.to2>L0( 1 catc alormed2>LException e0 + e.print-tac%race0( 1 // 2>L url A -td3udio.class.#et>esourceilename0( i url AA null0 tro ne >untimeException"audio " ilename "not ound"0( 3udioClip clip A 3pplet.ne3udioClipurl0( clip.play0( 1

/** * Loop a sound ile in .av, .mid, or .au ormat0 in a )ac#roundtread. */ pu)lic static void loop-trin# ilename0 + 2>L url A null( try + Vile ile A ne Vileilename0( i ile.can>ead00 url A ile.to2>;0.to2>L0( 1 catc alormed2>LException e0 + e.print-tac%race0( 1 // 2>L url A -td3udio.class.#et>esourceilename0( i url AA null0 tro ne >untimeException"audio " ilename "

not ound"0( 3udioClip clip A 3pplet.ne3udioClipurl0( clip.loop0( 1

// return data as a )yte array private static )yte readByte-trin# ilename0 + )yte data A null( 3udio;nput-tream ais A null(



try +

// try to read rom ile Vile ile A ne Vileilename0( i ile.exists00 + ais A 3udio-ystem.#et3udio;nput-treamile0( data A ne )yteais.availa)le0( ais.readdata0( 1

// try to read rom 2>L else + 2>L url A -td3udio.class.#et>esourceilename0( ais A 3udio-ystem.#et3udio;nput-treamurl0( data A ne )yteais.availa)le0( ais.readdata0( 1 1 catc Exception e0 + -ystem.out.printlne.#etessa#e00(

tro ne >untimeException"Could not read " ilename0( 1

return data( 1

/** * -ave te dou)le array as a sound ile usin# .av or .au ormat0. */ pu)lic static void save-trin# ilename, dou)le input0 +

// assumes ??,&66 samples per second // use &5)it audio, mono, si#ned PC, little Endian 3udioVormat ormat A ne 3udioVormat-3PLE[>3%E, &, &, true, alse0( )yte data A ne )yte9 * input.len#t( or int i A 6( i S input.len#t( i0 + int temp A sort0 inputi * 3[&[B;%0( data9*i 6 A )yte0 temp( data9*i & A )yte0 temp MM K0( 1

// no save te ile try + Byte3rray;nput-tream )ais A ne Byte3rray;nput-treamdata0( 3udio;nput-tream ais A ne 3udio;nput-tream)ais, ormat,

input.len#t0( i ilename.endsWit".av"0 ilename.endsWit".W3]"00 + 3udio-ystem.riteais, 3udioVileVormat.%ype.W3]E, neVileilename00( 1 else i ilename.endsWit".au"0 ilename.endsWit".32"00 + 3udio-ystem.riteais, 3udioVileVormat.%ype.32, neVileilename00( 1 else +



tro ne >untimeException"Vile ormat not supported: " ilename0( 1 1 catc Exception e0 + -ystem.out.printlne0( -ystem.exit&0( 1 1

/*********************************************************************** * sample test client ***********************************************************************/

// create a note sine ave0 o te #iven reFuency HQ0, or te #iven // duration seconds0 scaled to te #iven volume amplitude0 private static dou)le notedou)le Q, dou)le duration, dou)le amplitude0

+ int G A int0 -td3udio.-3PLE[>3%E * duration0( dou)le a A ne dou)leG&( or int i A 6( i SA G( i0 ai A amplitude * at.sin9 * at.P; * i * Q /-td3udio.-3PLE[>3%E0( return a( 1

/** * %est client 5 play an 3 major scale to standard audio. */ pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// ??6 HQ or & sec dou)le reF A ??6.6( or int i A 6( i SA -td3udio.-3PLE[>3%E( i0 + -td3udio.play6.@ * at.sin9*at.P; * reF * i /-td3udio.-3PLE[>3%E00( 1

// scale increments int steps A + 6, 9, ?, @, ', D, &&, &9 1( or int i A 6( i S steps.len#t( i0 + dou)le Q A ??6.6 * at.po9, stepsi / &9.60( -td3udio.playnoteQ, &.6, 6.@00( 1

// need to call tis in non5interactive stu so te pro#ram doesn!tterminate // until all te sound leaves te speaer. -td3udio.close0(

// need to terminate a Uava pro#ram it sound -ystem.exit60( 1



1


Lat !pdated" )!e Sep 1% 14"2"0 ($) 201.

A##Ints.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of AddInts.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac 3dd;nts.java * Execution: java 3dd;nts * =ependencies: -td;n.java ** %is pro#ram taes a command line ar#ument G, reads in G inte#ers, * and prints out teir sum. * * Gote: you must av te ile -td;n.java in your orin# directory. * * $ java 3dd;nts G * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class 3dd;nts+


int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( int sum A 6( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 sum A sum -td;n.read;nt0( -ystem.out.println"-um is " sum0( 11



T,enty"uestions.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Twenty'uestions.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac %entyIuestions.java

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/AddInts.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/TwentyQuestions.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/AddInts.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/TwentyQuestions.java




* Execution: java %entyIuestions * =ependencies -td;n.java * * $ java %entyIuestions* ;!m tinin# o a num)er )eteen & and &,666,666* Wat!s your #uess4 @66666* %oo i#* Wat!s your #uess4 9@6666* %oo lo* Wat!s your #uess4 8'@666* %oo i#* Wat!s your #uess4 8&9@66* %oo i#* Wat!s your #uess4 866@66* %oo lo* ...* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class %entyIuestions +


// Jenerate a num)er and anser Fuestions // ile te user tries to #uess te value. int G A & int0 at.random0 * &6666660(

-tdut.print";!m tinin# o a num)er "0( -tdut.println")eteen & and &,666,666"0( int m A 6(

ile m OA G0 +

// -olicit one #uess and provide one anser -tdut.print"Wat!s your #uess4 "0( m A -td;n.read;nt0( i m AA G0 -tdut.println"7ou inO"0( i m S G0 -tdut.println"%oo lo "0( i m M G0 -tdut.println"%oo i#"0( 1 11

Copyright © 2000–2010, Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne. Lat !pdated" Wed #eb 3 03"02"0% (S) 2011.

Average.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Average.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/*************************************************************************

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Average.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Average.java




* Compilation: javac 3vera#e.java * Execution: java 3vera#e S data.txt * =ependencies: -td;n.java -tdut.java ** >eads in a seFuence o real num)ers, and computes teir avera#e. * * $ java 3vera#e * &6.6 @.6 .6 * 8.6 '.6 89.6 * SCtrl5dM * 3vera#e is &6.@

* Gote SCtrl5dM si#niies te end o ile on 2nix. * n indos use SCtrl5QM. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class 3vera#e +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

int count A 6( // num)er input values

dou)le sum A 6.6( // sum o input values

// read data and compute statistics ile O-td;n.isEmpty00 + dou)le value A -td;n.read=ou)le0( sum A value( count( 1

// compute te avera#e dou)le avera#e A sum / count(

// print results -tdut.println"3vera#e is " avera#e0( 11



Triangle.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Triangle.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac %rian#le.java * Execution: java %rian#le * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * Plot a trian#le. *

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Triangle.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Triangle.java




*************************************************************************/

pu)lic class %rian#le + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + dou)le t A at.sFrt8.60 / 9.6( -td=ra.line6.6, 6.6, &.6, 6.60( -td=ra.line&.6, 6.6, 6.@, t0( -td=ra.line6.@, t, 6.6, 6.60( -td=ra.point6.@, t/8.60( 11



)lotilter.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of lot,ilter.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac PlotVilter.java * Execution: java PlotVilter S input.txt * =ependencies: -td=ra.java -td;n.java ** $ java PlotVilter S 2-3.txt * * =atailes: ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/;ntroPro#rammin#/&@inout/2-3.txt

* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class PlotVilter +


// read in )oundin# )ox and rescale dou)le x6 A -td;n.read=ou)le0( dou)le y6 A -td;n.read=ou)le0( dou)le x& A -td;n.read=ou)le0( dou)le y& A -td;n.read=ou)le0( -td=ra.setscalex6, x&0( -td=ra.set7scaley6, y&0(

// turn on animation mode to deer displayin# all o te points // -td=ra.so60(

// plot points, one at a time ile O-td;n.isEmpty00 + dou)le x A -td;n.read=ou)le0( dou)le y A -td;n.read=ou)le0( -td=ra.pointx, y0(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/PlotFilter.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/PlotFilter.java




1

// display all o te points no // -td=ra.so60(

11



un$tionraph.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of ,un(tion>ra#h.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac VunctionJrap.java* Execution: java VunctionJrap * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * Plots te unction y A sin?x0 sin96x0 )eteen x A 6 and x A pi * )y drain# G line se#ments. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class VunctionJrap + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// num)er o line se#ments to plot int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60(

// te unction y A sin?x0 sin96x0, sampled at G points // )eteen x A 6 and x A pi dou)le x A ne dou)leG&( dou)le y A ne dou)leG&( or int i A 6( i SA G( i0 + xi A at.P; * i / G( yi A at.sin?*xi0 at.sin96*xi0( 1

// rescale te coordinate system -td=ra.setscale6, at.P;0( -td=ra.set7scale59.6, 9.60(

// plot te approximation to te unction or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + -td=ra.linexi, yi, xi&, yi&0( 1 11

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/FunctionGraph.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/FunctionGraph.java






Boun$ingBall.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Boun(ingBall.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Bouncin#Ball.java * Execution: java Bouncin#Ball * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * ;mplementation o a 95d )ouncin# )all in te )ox rom 5&, 5&0 to &, &0. * * $ java Bouncin#Ball *

*************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Bouncin#Ball +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// set te scale o te coordinate system -td=ra.setscale5&.6, &.60( -td=ra.set7scale5&.6, &.60(

// initial values dou)le rx A 6.?K6, ry A 6.K6( // position dou)le vx A 6.6&@, vy A 6.698( // velocity dou)le radius A 6.6@( // radius

// main animation loop ile true0 +

// )ounce o all accordin# to la o elastic collision i at.a)srx vx0 M &.6 5 radius0 vx A 5vx( i at.a)sry vy0 M &.6 5 radius0 vy A 5vy(

// update position rx A rx vx(

ry A ry vy(

// clear te )ac#round -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.J>370(

-td=ra.illed-Fuare6, 6, &.60(

// dra )all on te screen -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.BL3C<0(

-td=ra.illedCirclerx, ry, radius0(

// display and pause or 96 ms -td=ra.so960(

11

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/BouncingBall.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/BouncingBall.java




1



Delu'eBoun$ingBall.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of $eluxeBoun(ingBall.java from §1.; In#ut and

%ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac =eluxeBouncin#Ball.java * Execution: java =eluxeBouncin#Ball * =ependencies: -td=ra.java -td3udio.java

* ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/&@inout/laser.av * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/&@inout/pop.av * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/&@inout/eart.#i * * ;mplementation o a 95d )ouncin# )all in te )ox rom 5&, 5&0 to &, &0. * * $ java =eluxeBouncin#Ball * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class =eluxeBouncin#Ball +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

dou)le rx A .?K6, ry A .K6( // position dou)le vx A .6&@, vy A .698( // velocity dou)le radius A .68( // a ac since "eart.#i" is inpixels

// set te scale o te coordinate system -td=ra.setscale5&.6, &.60( -td=ra.set7scale5&.6, &.60(

// main animation loop ile true0 +

i at.a)srx vx0 radius M &.60 + vx A 5vx(-td3udio.play"laser.av"0( 1 i at.a)sry vy0 radius M &.60 + vy A 5vy(

-td3udio.play"pop.av"0( 1 rx A rx vx(

ry A ry vy(-td=ra.illed-Fuare6.6, 6.6, &.60(

-td=ra.picturerx, ry, "eart.#i"0( -td=ra.so960(

11

1

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/DeluxeBouncingBall.java

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/DeluxeBouncingBall.java






Lat !pdated" )h! Sep 23 12"4"11 ($) 2011.

6ouseollo,er.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of ?ouse,ollower.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac ouseVolloer.java * Execution: java ouseVolloer * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * =ra a )lue illed circle erever te mouse is, in cyan i te * mouse is pressed. * * * $ java ouseVolloer * * Credits: Ue %raer5Bernstein * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class ouseVolloer + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + ile true0 +

// mouse clic i -td=ra.mousePressed00 -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.C73G0( else -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.BL2E0(

// mouse location -td=ra.clear0( dou)le x A -td=ra.mouse0( dou)le y A -td=ra.mouse70( -td=ra.illedCirclex, y, .6@0( -td=ra.so&60( 1 11



neimpleAttra$tor.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of %ne9im#leAttra(tor.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/MouseFollower.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/OneSimpleAttractor.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/MouseFollower.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/OneSimpleAttractor.java




/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac ne-imple3ttractor.java * Execution: java ne-imple3ttractor

* =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * 3 particle is attracted to te current location o te mouse. * ;ncorporates dra#. * ** $ java ne-imple3ttractor * * * Credits: Ue %raer5Bernstein * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class ne-imple3ttractor + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + dou)le rx A 6.6, ry A 6.6( // position dou)le vx A 6.6, vy A 6.6( // velocity dou)le mass A &.6( // mass dou)le dt A 6.@( // time Fuantum dou)le dra# A 6.&( // mess around it tis a )it dou)le attraction-tren#t A 6.6&(

// do te animation ile true0 +

// compute te attractive orce to te mouse, accountin# or dra# dou)le dx A -td=ra.mouse0 5 rx( dou)le dy A -td=ra.mouse70 5 ry( dou)le x A dx * attraction-tren#t0 5 dra# * vx0( dou)le y A dy * attraction-tren#t0 5 dra# * vy0(

// Euler step: update velocity, ten position vx A x * dt / mass( vy A y * dt / mass( rx A vx * dt( ry A vy * dt(

// dra particle

-td=ra.clear0( -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.BL2E0( -td=ra.illedCirclerx, ry, .690( -td=ra.so&60( 1 11





impleAttra$tors.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9im#leAttra(tors.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -imple3ttractors.java * Execution: java -imple3ttractors G * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * G particles are attracted to te mouse( randomly rearran#e en * user clics. *

* $ java -imple3ttractors 96 * * Credits: Ue %raer5Bernstein **************************************************************************/

pu)lic class -imple3ttractors + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( dou)le rx A ne dou)leG( dou)le ry A ne dou)leG( dou)le vx A ne dou)leG( dou)le vy A ne dou)leG( dou)le dt A 6.@( dou)le mass A &.6( dou)le dra# A 6.6@( // try can#in# tis to 6.& or 6.6& or even6... dou)le attraction-tren#t A 6.6&(

// initialiQe te drain# area -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.BL2E0(

// do te animation ile true0 + // i te mouse is pressed add some random velocity to all teparticles i -td=ra.mousePressed00 +

or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + vxi A .9 * at.random0 5 .&( vyi A .9 * at.random0 5 .&( 1 1

// clear all te orces dou)le x A ne dou)leG( dou)le y A ne dou)leG(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/SimpleAttractors.java







// add attraction orces or attraction to te mouse or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + dou)le dx A -td=ra.mouse0 5 rxi( dou)le dy A -td=ra.mouse70 5 ryi( xi A attraction-tren#t * dx( yi A attraction-tren#t * dy( 1

// add dra# orces to all particles // dra# is proportional to velocity in te opposite direction or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + xi A 5dra# * vxi( yi A 5dra# * vyi( 1

// update positions // euler step or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + vxi A xi * dt / mass( vyi A yi * dt / mass(

rxi A vxi * dt( ryi A vyi * dt( 1

-td=ra.clear0(

// dra a illed circle or eac particle or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + -td=ra.illedCirclerxi, ryi, .6&0( 1

-td=ra.so&60( 1 11



prings.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9#rings.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -prin#s.java * Execution: java -prin#s G * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * -imulates a system o sprin#s.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Springs.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Springs.java




* * $ java -prin#s &@ * * Credits: Ue %raer5Bernstein * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class -prin#s + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + // mess around it tis, try ', K, D, &6, &&, &9, &@ // pro)a)ly ave to turn don te sprin# orce to eep it sta)le atertat... int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60(

dou)le rx A ne dou)leG( dou)le ry A ne dou)leG( dou)le vy A ne dou)leG( dou)le vx A ne dou)leG( dou)le particleass A &.6(

dou)le dra# A 6.&( dou)le sprin#-tren#t A 6.&( dou)le sprin#Len#t A 86( dou)le #ravity A &.6( dou)le time-tep A 6.@(

// set up te drain# area -td=ra.setscale6, &660( -td=ra.set7scale6, &660( -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.BL2E0( -td=ra.setPen>adius6.669@0(

// initialiQe te particle positions randomly or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + rxi A &66 * at.random0( ryi A &66 * at.random0( 1

// do te animation ile true0 +

// clear all te orces dou)le x A ne dou)leG( dou)le y A ne dou)leG(

// sprin# orces act )eteen every pairin# o particles

// sprin# orce is proportional to te dierence )eteen te restlen#t o te sprin# // and te distance )eteen te 9 particles it!s actin# on or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + or int j A 6( j S G( j0 +

i i AA j0 continue(

// calculate distance )eteen particles i and j dou)le dx A rxj 5 rxi(



dou)le dy A ryj 5 ryi( dou)le len#t A at.sFrtdx*dx dy*dy0(

// i#ure out te orce dou)le orce A sprin#-tren#t * len#t 5 sprin#Len#t0( dou)le sprin#Vorce A orce * dx / len#t( dou)le sprin#Vorce7 A orce * dy / len#t(

// update te orce xi A sprin#Vorce( yi A sprin#Vorce7( 1 1

// add dra# orce // dra# is proportional to velocity )ut in te opposite direction or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + xi A 5dra# * vxi( yi A 5dra# * vyi( 1

// add #ravity orces

// just add some orce pointin# don to all o tem or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + yi A 5#ravity( 1

// ix particle & at te mouse position rx6 A -td=ra.mouse0( ry6 A -td=ra.mouse70( vx6 A 6.6( vy6 A 6.6( x6 A 6.6( y6 A 6.6(

// update positions usin# approximation or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + vxi A xi * time-tep/particleass( vyi A yi * time-tep/particleass( rxi A vxi * time-tep( ryi A vyi * time-tep( 1

// clear -td=ra.clear0(

// dra everytin# or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + // dra a circle or eac node -td=ra.illedCirclerxi, ryi, &.60(

// dra te connections )eteen every 9 nodes or int j A 6( j S i( j0 + -td=ra.linerxi, ryi, rxj, ryj0( 1 1



// so and ait

-td=ra.so&60( 1 11


)layThatTune.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of layThatTune.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Play%at%une.java * Execution: java Play%at%une S input.txt * =ependencies: -td3udio.java -td3udio.java * * %is is a data5driven pro#ram tat plays pure tones rom * te notes on te cromatic scale, speciied on standard input * )y teir distance rom concert 3. * * $ java Play%at%une S elise.txt * * * =ata iles * 5555555555

* ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/elise.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/DDlut)allons.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/ree)ird.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/3scale.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/Gational[3ntem.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/looney.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/-tairay%oHeaven.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/entertainer.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/old5nassau.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/ara)esFue.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/irstcut.txt* ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/tomsdiner.txt * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Play%at%une +


// repeat as lon# as tere are more inte#ers to read in ile O-td;n.isEmpty00 +

// read in te pitc, ere 6 A Concert 3 3?0

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/PlayThatTune.java







int pitc A -td;n.read;nt0(

// read in duration in seconds dou)le duration A -td;n.read=ou)le0(

// )uild sine ave it desired reFuency dou)le Q A ??6 * at.po9, pitc / &9.60( int G A int0 -td3udio.-3PLE[>3%E * duration0( dou)le a A ne dou)leG&( or int i A 6( i SA G( i0 + ai A at.sin9 * at.P; * i * Q / -td3udio.-3PLE[>3%E0( 1

// play it usin# standard audio -td3udio.playa0( 1 11


Lat !pdated" Wed 5ct 12 04"++"+3 ($) 2011.

6a'6in.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of ?ax?in.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac axin.java

* Execution: java axin * input reFuired rom standard input * use Ctrl5d - or =r. Uava0 or Ctrl5Q Windos0 or EV * * =ependencies: -td;n.java -tdut.java * * >ead in inte#ers rom standard input and print out te maximum and * minimum values. * * $ java axin * 98 ?@ &' @ 89 * KD &6 @8 89 8? * & * Ctrl5d * maximum A KD, minimum A &6 * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class axin + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// irst value read initialiQed min and max int max A -td;n.read;nt0(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/MaxMin.java







int min A max(

// read in te data, eep trac o min and max ile O-td;n.isEmpty00 + int value A -td;n.read;nt0( i value M max0 max A value( i value S min0 min A value( 1

// output -tdut.println"maximum A " max ", minimum A " min0( 11



tats.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9tats.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -tats.java * Execution: java -tats G * =ependencies: -td;n.java -tdut.java ** >eads in a command5line inte#er G, a seFuence o G real num)ers rom

* standard input, and prints te mean and standard deviation. * * $ java -tats * &6.6 @.6 .6 * 8.6 '.6 89.6 * SCtrl5dM * ean A &6.@ * -tandard deviation A ?.K99K9996'&?DD' * * Gote SCtrl5dM si#niies te end o ile on 2nix. * n indos use SCtrl5QM. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class -tats +pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( dou)le a A ne dou)leG(

// read data and compute statistics or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + ai A -td;n.read=ou)le0( 1

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Stats.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Stats.java




// compute mean dou)le sum A 6.6( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + sum A ai( 1 dou)le mean A sum / G(

// compute standard deviation dou)le sum9 A 6.6( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + sum9 A ai 5 mean0 * ai 5 mean0( 1 dou)le stddev A at.sFrtsum90 / G 5 &0(

// print results -tdut.println"ean A " mean0( -tdut.println"-tandard deviation A " stddev0( 11


%ongestRun.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of )ongestun.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Lon#est>un.java* Execution: java Lon#est>un * input reFuired rom standard input * use Ctrl5d - or =r. Uava0 or Ctrl5Q Windos0 or EV * * =ependencies: -td;n.java -tdut.java * * >ead in a seFuence o inte#ers and prints out )ot te inte#er * tat appears in a lon#est consecutive run and len#t o te run. * * $ java Lon#est>un * & 9 9 & @ & & ' ' ' ' & & * Ctrl5d * Lon#est run: ? consecutive 's * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Lon#est>un + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// de#enerate case it no input inte#ers i -td;n.isEmpty00 +

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/LongestRun.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/LongestRun.java




-tdut.println"no lon#est consecutive run"0( return( 1

int prev A -td;n.read;nt0( int count A &( int )est A prev( int )estCount A count(

ile O-td;n.isEmpty00 + // read in te next value int current A -td;n.read;nt0(

// update current run i current AA prev0 count( else + prev A current( count A &( 1

// update campion values i count M )estCount0 + )estCount A count( )est A current( 1 1

// output -tdut.println"Lon#est run: " )estCount " consecutive " )est "s"0( 11


Dragon.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of $ragon.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac =ra#on.java * Execution: eco V V java =ra#on java =ra#on java =ra#on ** Prints te instructions or drain# a dra#on curve o orders G. ** $ eco V V java =ra#on* VLV V>V *

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Dragon.java







* $ eco V V java =ra#on java =ra#on* VLVLV>V VLV>V>V * * $ eco V V java =ra#on java =ra#on java =ra#on * VLVLV>VLVLV>V>V VLVLV>V>VLV>V>V * *************************************************************************/


-trin# dra#on A -td;n.read-trin#0( -trin# no#ard A -td;n.read-trin#0( -ystem.out.printdra#on "L" no#ard0( -ystem.out.print" "0( -ystem.out.printdra#on ">" no#ard0( -ystem.out.println0( 1

1


+or#Gount.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Word5ount.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/*************************************************************************

* Compilation: javac WordCount.java* Execution: java WordCount * input reFuired rom standard input * use Ctrl5d - or =r. Uava0 or Ctrl5Q Windos0 or EV * * =ependencies: -td;n.java -tdut.java * * >ead in a seFuence o strin#s rom standard input and print out * te num)er o strin#s read in. * * $ java WordCount * it as te )est o times * it as te orst o times * num)er o ords A &9 * Ctrl5d * * $ java WordCount S tale.txt* num)er o ords A &8D6?8 * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class WordCount + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/WordCount.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/WordCount.java




int count A 6(ile O-td;n.isEmpty00 +

-trin# ord A -td;n.read-trin#0( count( 1

// output -tdut.println"num)er o ords A " count0( 11



Glosest.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 5losest.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Closest.java* Execution: java Closest x y Q * input reFuired rom standard input * use Ctrl5d - or =r. Uava0 or Ctrl5Q Windos0 or EV * * =ependencies: -td;n.java -tdut.java *

* %aes tree command5line ar#uments x, y, Q( reads rom standard input a * seFuence o point coordinates xi, yi, Qi0, and prints te coordinates * o te point closest to x, y, Q0. * * $ java Closest &.6 @.6 9.6 * &.6 8.6 D.6 * @.6 8.6 9.@ * D.6 .6 9.6 * 9.6 .6 8.6 * @.6 .6 @.6 * SCtrl5dM * Closest point A 9.666666, .666666, 8.6666660* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Closest + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + dou)le x A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s60( dou)le y A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s&0( dou)le Q A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s90(

dou)le )estx A =ou)le.GaG( dou)le )esty A =ou)le.GaG(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Closest.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Closest.java




dou)le )estQ A =ou)le.GaG( dou)le )est=ist9 A =ou)le.P-;%;]E[;GV;G;%7(

ile O-td;n.isEmpty00 + dou)le xi A -td;n.read=ou)le0( dou)le yi A -td;n.read=ou)le0( dou)le Qi A -td;n.read=ou)le0( dou)le dist9 A x 5 xi0 * x 5 xi0 y 5 yi0 * y 5 yi0 Q 5Qi0 * Q 5 Qi0( i dist9 S )est=ist90 + )estx A xi( )esty A yi( )estQ A Qi( )est=ist9 A dist9( 1 1

// output -tdut.print"Closest point A $, $, $0Zn", )estx, )esty, )estQ0( 1

1



Ghe$8erBoar#.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 5he(2erBoard.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac CecerBoard.java* Execution: java CecerBoard G * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * Plots an G5)y5G cecer )oard. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class CecerBoard +


-td=ra.setscale6, G0( -td=ra.set7scale6, G0(

or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + or int j A 6( j S G( j0 + i i j0 $ 9 OA 60 -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.BL3C<0( else -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.>E=0( -td=ra.illed-Fuarei .@, j .@, .@0(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/CheckerBoard.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/CheckerBoard.java




1 1 -td=ra.so0( 1

1

Copyright © 2000–2011, Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne. Lat !pdated" on #eb 1+ 0%"13"% (S) 2011.

Rose.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of ose.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac >ose.java * Execution: java >ose G * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * Plots an G petal rose i G is odd0 and a 9G5petal rose i G is * even, usin# standard #rapics. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class >ose +


int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( -td=ra.setscale5&, &0( -td=ra.set7scale5&, &0( -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.P;G<0(

dou)le x6 A 6, y6 A 6( or dou)le t A 6.6( t SA 86.6( t A 6.&0 + dou)le teta A at.to>adianst0( dou)le r A at.sinG * teta0( dou)le x& A r * at.costeta0( dou)le y& A r * at.sinteta0( -td=ra.linex6, y6, x&, y&0( x6 A x&( y6 A y&( 1 1

1



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Rose.java







Banner.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Banner.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Banner.java * Execution: java Banner s * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * Plots te -trin# s, and moves it across te screen, let5to5ri#t, * rappin# around en it reaces te )order. * * $ java Banner "Hello, World" *

* *************************************************************************/

import java.at.Vont(

pu)lic class Banner +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +-trin# s A ar#s6(

// remove te @$ )order -td=ra.setscale&.6/99.6, 9&.6/99.60( -td=ra.set7scale&.6/99.6, 9&.6/99.60(

// set te ont Vont A ne Vont"3rial", Vont.BL=, 60( -td=ra.setVont0( -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.WH;%E0(

or dou)le i A 6.6( true( i A 6.6&0 + -td=ra.clear-td=ra.BL3C<0( -td=ra.texti $ &.60, 6.@, s0( -td=ra.texti $ &.60 5 &.6, 6.@, s0( -td=ra.texti $ &.60 &.6, 6.@, s0( -td=ra.so60( 1

1

1



)layThatTune.java

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Banner.java







Below is the syntax highlighted version of layThatTune.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Play%at%une.java * Execution: java Play%at%une S input.txt * =ependencies: -td3udio.java -td3udio.java * * %is is a data5driven pro#ram tat plays pure tones rom * te notes on te cromatic scale, speciied on standard input * )y teir distance rom concert 3. * * $ java Play%at%une S elise.txt * * * =ata iles

* 5555555555 * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/elise.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/DDlut)allons.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/ree)ird.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/3scale.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/Gational[3ntem.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/looney.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/-tairay%oHeaven.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/entertainer.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/old5nassau.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/ara)esFue.txt * ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/irstcut.txt* ttp://.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/9&unction/tomsdiner.txt *

*************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Play%at%une +


// repeat as lon# as tere are more inte#ers to read in ile O-td;n.isEmpty00 +

// read in te pitc, ere 6 A Concert 3 3?0 int pitc A -td;n.read;nt0(

// read in duration in seconds

dou)le duration A -td;n.read=ou)le0(

// )uild sine ave it desired reFuency dou)le Q A ??6 * at.po9, pitc / &9.60( int G A int0 -td3udio.-3PLE[>3%E * duration0( dou)le a A ne dou)leG&( or int i A 6( i SA G( i0 + ai A at.sin9 * at.P; * i * Q / -td3udio.-3PLE[>3%E0( 1








// play it usin# standard audio -td3udio.playa0( 1 11

Copyright © 2000–2011, Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne. Lat !pdated" Wed 5ct 12 04"++"+3 ($) 2011.

pirograph.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9#irogra#h.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -piro#rap.java * Execution: java -piro#rap > r a * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * =ra a curve ormed )y rollin# a smaller circle o radius r inside * a lar#er circle or radius >. ; te pen oset o te pen point in * te movin# circle is a, ten te eFuation o te resultin# curve * at time t is * * x A >r0*cost0 5 ra0*cos>r0/r0*t0 * y A >r0*sint0 5 ra0*sin>r0/r0*t0 * * $ java -piro#rap &K6 ?6 &@ *

* $ java -piro#rap &66 @@ 96 * * Credits: idea su##ested )y =ie#o Gea) * >eerence: ttp://.mat.dartmout.edu/Rdlittle/java/-piroJrap * >eerence: ttp://.ordsmit.or#/Ranu/java/spiro#rap.tml * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class -piro#rap +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + dou)le > A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s60( dou)le r A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s&0( dou)le a A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s90(

-td=ra.setscale5866, 8660( -td=ra.set7scale5866, 8660( -td=ra.clear-td=ra.BL3C<0(

or dou)le t A 6.6( t S &66( t A 6.6&0 + dou)le x A >r0 * at.cost0 5 ra0 * at.cos>r0/r0*t0( dou)le y A >r0 * at.sint0 5 ra0 * at.sin>r0/r0*t0( dou)le de#rees A 5at.to=e#rees>r0/r0*t(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Spirograph.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Spirograph.java




-td=ra.picturex, y, "eart.#i", de#rees0( // -td=ra.rotateat.to=e#rees>r0/r0*t0( -td=ra.so960( 1

1 1



Glo$8.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 5lo(2.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Cloc.java * Execution: java Cloc * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Cloc +


or int t A 6( true( t0 +

// remainder operator it dou)les so all ands move every second dou)le seconds A t $ 6( dou)le minutes A t / 6.60 $ 6( dou)le ours A t / 866.60 $ &9(

-td=ra.clear-td=ra.L;JH%[J>370( -td=ra.setPen>adius0(

// cloc ace -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.BL3C<0( -td=ra.illedCircle6.@, 6.@, 6.?@0(

// our marers -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.BL2E0( or int i A 6( i S &9( i0 + dou)le teta A at.to>adiansi * 860( -td=ra.illedCircle6.@ 6.? * at.costeta0, 6.@ 6.? *at.sinteta0, .69@0( 1

// second and

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Clock.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Clock.java




-td=ra.setPen>adius.6&0( -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.7ELLW0( dou)le an#le& A at.to>adians * seconds0( dou)le r& A 6.?( -td=ra.line6.@, 6.@, 6.@ r& * at.sinan#le&0, 6.@ r& *at.cosan#le&00(

// minute and -td=ra.setPen>adius.690( -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.J>370( dou)le an#le9 A at.to>adians * minutes0( dou)le r9 A 6.8( -td=ra.line6.@, 6.@, 6.@ r9 * at.sinan#le90, 6.@ r9 *at.cosan#le900(

// our and -td=ra.setPen>adius.69@0( -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.WH;%E0( dou)le an#le8 A at.to>adians86 * ours0( dou)le r8 A 6.9(

-td=ra.line6.@, 6.@, 6.@ r8 * at.sinan#le80, 6.@ r8 *at.cosan#le800(

// di#ital time int second A t $ 6( int minute A t / 60 $ 6( int our A t / 8660 $ &9( -trin# time A -trin#.ormat"$9d:$69d:$69d", our, minute,second0( -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.B<[>E=0( -td=ra.text6.@, 6.6, time0(

// &666 miliseconds A & second -td=ra.so&6660( 1 1

1



s$illos$ope.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of %s(illos(o#e.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac scilloscope.java * Execution: java scilloscope 3 B 7 pi pi7 * =ependencies: -td=ra.java *

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Oscilloscope.java








* -imluate te output o an oscilloscope. 3ssume tat te vertical and * oriQontal inputs are sinusoidal. * * x A 3 sin pi0 * y A B sin 7 pi70 ** $ java scilloscope & & 9 8 96 ?@ * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class scilloscope +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + -td=ra.setscale5&, &0( -td=ra.set7scale5&, &0(

dou)le 3 A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s60( // amplitudes dou)le B A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s&0( dou)le A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s90( // an#ular reFuencies dou)le 7 A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s80(

dou)le pi A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s?0( // pase actors dou)le pi7 A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s@0(

// convert rom de#rees to radians pi7 A at.to>adianspi0( pi7 A at.to>adianspi70(

or dou)le t A 6.6( t S &6( t A 6.666&0 + dou)le x A 3 * at.sin * t pi0( dou)le y A B * at.sin7 * t pi70( -td=ra.pointx, y0( -td=ra.so&60( 1

1 1



Run%engthn$o#er.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of un)ength@n(oder.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac >unLen#tEncoder.java * Execution: java >unLen#tEncoder S data.txt * =ependencies: -td;n.java *

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/RunLengthEncoder.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/RunLengthEncoder.java




* >eads in a seFuence o 6!s and &!s and encodes usin# >LE. ** $ java >unLen#tEncoder * 6666&&&&6666&&&&& * ? ? ? @ * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class >unLen#tEncoder +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +car last A !6!(

int count A 6(

ile O-td;n.isEmpty00 + car c A -td;n.readCar0(

// ne line i c AA !Zn!0 + -ystem.out.println"" count0(

count A 6( last A !6!( 1

// validate input else i c OA !6!0 NN c OA !&!00 tro ne >untimeException";nvalid input"0(

// repeated caracter else i c AA last0 count(

// can#es rom 6 to & or rom & to 6 else + -ystem.out.printcount " "0( count A &( last A c( 1 1 -ystem.out.printlncount0( 11


lo!e.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of >lo&e.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/*************************************************************************

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Globe.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Globe.java




* Compilation: javac Jlo)e.java * Execution: java Jlo)e G * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * Plots a #lo)e it an#le an#le. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Jlo)e +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +dou)le alpa A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s60(

-td=ra.set7scale5&, &0( -td=ra.setscale5&, &0( -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.BL2E0(

dou)le x6 A &, y6 A 6( or dou)le t A 6.6( t SA 96 * 86.6( t A 6.&0 + dou)le teta A at.to>adianst0( dou)le r A at.cosalpa * teta0(

dou)le x& A r * at.costeta0( dou)le y& A r * at.sinteta0( -td=ra.linex6, y6, x&, y&0( x6 A x&( y6 A y&( 1 1

1



Ran#omTe't.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of andomText.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac >andom%ext.java * Execution: java >andom%ext s G * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * Plots te -trin# s, G times at random locations, and in random * colors. * * $ java >andom%ext Hello &6 * * $ java >andom%ext World &@ * * $ java >andom%ext Uava 96

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/RandomText.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/RandomText.java




* * *************************************************************************/

import java.at.Color(import java.at.Vont(

pu)lic class >andom%ext +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +-trin# s A ar#s6(

int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s&0( -td=ra.clearColor.BL3C<0( Vont A ne Vont"3rial", Vont.BL=, 60( -td=ra.setVont0(

or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + -td=ra.setPenColorColor.#etH-BColorloat0 at.random0, &.6,&.600( dou)le x A at.random0(

dou)le y A at.random0( -td=ra.textx, y, s0( 1 1

1



Ran#om+al8.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of andomWal2.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac >andomWal.java * Execution: java >andomWal G * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * $ java >andomWal 96 * total steps A 866 * * $ java >andomWal @6 * total steps A 986 * * -imulates a 9= random al and plots te trajectory. * * >emars: ors )est i G is a divisor o 66. * *************************************************************************/

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/RandomWalk.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/RandomWalk.java




pu)lic class >andomWal +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( -td=ra.setscale5G, G0( -td=ra.set7scale5G, G0( -td=ra.clear-td=ra.J>370(

int x A 6, y A 6( int steps A 6( ile at.a)sx0 S G NN at.a)sy0 S G0 + -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.WH;%E0( -td=ra.illed-Fuarex, y, 6.?@0( dou)le r A at.random0( i r S 6.9@0 x55( else i r S 6.@60 x( else i r S 6.'@0 y55( else i r S &.660 y( steps( -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.BL2E0(

-td=ra.illed-Fuarex, y, .?@0( -td=ra.so?60( 1 -ystem.out.println"%otal steps A " steps0( 1

1



Ballisti$6otion.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Ballisti(?otion.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Ballisticotion.java * Execution: java Ballisticotion v teta * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * -imluate te motion o a )all ired it velocity v at teta de#rees * it coeicient o dra# C. 2ses Euler5Cramer metod to numerically * solve dierential eFuation. ** $ java Ballisticotion &K6.6 6.6 * * $ java Ballisticotion 96.6 [email protected] * *************************************************************************/

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/BallisticMotion.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/BallisticMotion.java




pu)lic class Ballisticotion +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + dou)le J A D.K( // #ravitational constant m/sT9 dou)le C A 6.669( // dra# orce coeicient

dou)le v A =ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s60( //velocity dou)le teta A at.to>adians=ou)le.parse=ou)lear#s&00( // an#lein radians

dou)le x A 6.6, y A 6.6( // position dou)le vx A v * at.costeta0( // velocity in x direction dou)le vy A v * at.sinteta0( // velocity in y direction

dou)le ax A 6.6, ay A 6.6( // acceleration dou)le t A 6.6( // time dou)le dt A 6.6&( // time Fuantum

dou)le max> A v*v / J( // maximum distance itout dra#

orce-td=ra.setscale6, max>0(

-td=ra.set7scale6, max>0( // set te same as or 5scale

// loop until )all its #round ile y MA 6.60 + v A at.sFrtvx*vx vy*vy0( ax A 5C * v * vx( ay A 5J 5 C * v * vy( vx A ax * dt( vy A ay * dt( x A vx * dt( y A vy * dt( -td=ra.illedCirclex, y, 6.9@0( -td=ra.so@0( 1 -td=ra.so0( 1 1


Lat !pdated" )!e Sep 1'"0"+0 ($) 201.

Heart.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Heart.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Heart.java

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Heart.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Heart.java




* Execution: java Heart * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * =ra a pin eart a illed diamond plus to illed circles0. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Heart + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + -td=ra.setscale5&.@, &.@0( -td=ra.set7scale5&.@, &.@0( -td=ra.setPenColor-td=ra.P;G<0(

// dra diamond dou)le xs A + 5&, 6, &, 6 1( dou)le ys A + 6, 5&, 6, & 1( -td=ra.illedPoly#onxs, ys0(

// circles -td=ra.illedCircle6.@, 6.@, & / at.sFrt900(

-td=ra.illedCircle56.@, 6.@, & / at.sFrt900( 1

1



6a#ness.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of ?adness.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac adness.java * Execution: java adness ** Plots a parametric i#ure ic 3. <. =edney reers to as * iller!s adness. * * >eerence: %e a#ic acine )y 3. <. =edney. %is i#ure * as desi#ned )y -tanley -. iller, a mana#ement consultant. * * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class adness +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + -td=ra.setscale5&.', &.'0( -td=ra.set7scale5&.&, &.&0(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Madness.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Madness.java




dou)le x6 A 56.', y6 A &.6( or dou)le t A 6.6( true( t A 6.6&0 + dou)le x& A at.sin6.DD*t0 5 6.'*at.cos8.6&*t0( dou)le y& A at.cos&.6&*t0 6.&*at.sin&@.68*t0( -td=ra.linex6, y6, x&, y&0( x6 A x&( y6 A y&( 1 11



ButterLy.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Butterfly.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Butterly.java * Execution: java Butterly * =ependencies: -td=ra.java ** Plots a )utterly5lie curve. * * >eerence: 3. <. =edney!s %e a#ic acine. Credited to * %emple H. Vay o te 2niversity o -outern ississippi. *

*************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Butterly +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + -td=ra.setscale5?, ?0( -td=ra.set7scale5?, ?0( dou)le x6 A 6, y6 A 6( or dou)le teta A 6.6( teta S '9( teta A 6.6&0 + dou)le r A at.expat.costeta00 5 9*at.cos?*teta0 at.poat.sinteta/&90, @0( dou)le x& A r * at.costeta0( dou)le y& A r * at.sinteta0( -td=ra.linex6, y6, x&, y&0( x6 A x&( y6 A y&( 1 11

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Butterfly.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Butterfly.java






tu#ents.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9tudents.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -tudents.java * Execution: java -tudents S students.txt * =ependencies: -td;n.java * -ample data: ttp://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/&@inout/students.txt * * >eads in te inte#er G rom standard input, ten a list * o G student records, ere eac record consists o our * ields, separated )y itespace:

* 5 irst name * 5 last name * 5 email address * 5 ic section tey!re in * * %en, print out a list o email address o students in section ? and @. * * $ &86 * -ara Wan# tan# ' * 3ustin %aylor actaylor & * =avid >osner drosner ? * >e)ecca 3llen re)eccaa ' * >ajiv 3yyan#ar ayyan#ar ' * =aniel Barrett dr)arret K * Gic Byrd n)yrd ' * Emily Capra ecapra K * Uonny Clore jclore ' * ... * * $ -ection ? * 555555555 * drosner * jcarles * jp * mlampert * ... *

* -ection @ * 555555555 * #ian * a#roQdan * aj * aornell * ... * *************************************************************************/

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Students.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Students.java




pu)lic class -tudents + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// read te num)er o students int G A -td;n.read;nt0(

// initialiQe our parallel arrays -trin# irst A ne -trin#G( -trin# last A ne -trin#G( -trin# email A ne -trin#G( int section A ne intG(

// read in te data or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + irsti A -td;n.read-trin#0( lasti A -td;n.read-trin#0( emaili A -td;n.read-trin#0( sectioni A -td;n.read;nt0( 1

// print email addresses o all students in section ? -tdut.println"-ection ?"0( -tdut.println"555555555"0( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + i sectioni AA ?0 + -tdut.printlnemaili0( 1 1 -tdut.println0(

// print email addresses o all students in section @ -tdut.println"-ection @"0( -tdut.println"555555555"0( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + i sectioni AA @0 + -tdut.printlnemaili0( 1 1

1

1


Lat !pdated" )!e #eb 1' 11"'4"+0 (S) 2011. huMe.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 9huffle.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Shuffle.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Shuffle.java




/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac -ule.java * Execution: java -ule G S caliornia5#ov.txt * =ependencies: -td;n.java ** >eads in G lines o text, sules tem, and print tem in random order. * 2ses <nut!s sulin# sule. * * %e ile caliornia5#ov.txt contains a list o te &8@ * candidates in te cto)er ', 9668 Caliornia #overnor!s runo * election. %e ile cards.txt contains a list o @9 playin# cards. * * * $ java -ule @ S caliornia5#ov.txt * ;ris 3dam * =ou#las 3nderson * 3lex5-t. Uames * 3n#elyne * Brooe 3dams

* * $ java -ule @ S cards.txt * Vour o Clu)s * -ix o Clu)s * %ree o Clu)s * =euce o Clu)s * Vive o Clu)s * * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class -ule +

// saps array elements i and j pu)lic static void exc-trin# a, int i, int j0 + -trin# sap A ai( ai A aj( aj A sap( 1

// tae as input an array o strin#s and rearran#e tem in random order pu)lic static void sule-trin# a0 + int G A a.len#t( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + int r A i int0 at.random0 * G5i00( // )eteen i and G5& exca, i, r0( 1

1

// tae as input an array o strin#s and print tem out to standard output pu)lic static void so-trin# a0 + or int i A 6( i S a.len#t( i0 + -ystem.out.printlnai0( 1 1




-trin# a A ne -trin#G(

// read in data or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + ai A -td;n.readLine0( 1

// sule array and print permutation sulea0( soa0(


// do it a#ain sulea0( soa0(

1

1



Reverse.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of everse.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac >everse.java -td;n.java * Execution: java >everse ** >eads in real num)ers and prints tem in reverse order. 2ses an * array and repeatedly dou)les its siQe i necessary. * * $ java >everse * &.6 9.6 8.6 ?.6 @.6 .6 @.D @.K @.' * SCtrl5dM* @.' @.K @.D .6 @.6 ?.6 8.6 9.6 &.6* * Windos users: use SCtrl5QM instead o SCtrl5dM to si#niy EV. * *************************************************************************/

class >everse + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int G A 6( // num)er o elements in array dou)le data A ne dou)le&( // initialQe array capacity A &

ile O-td;n.isEmpty00 +

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Reverse.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Reverse.java




// dou)le te siQe o te array i necessary i G AA data.len#t0 + dou)le temp A ne dou)le9*G( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 tempi A datai( data A temp( 1

// read in te next value dataG A -td;n.read=ou)le0( 1

// print it out or int i A G5&( i MA 6( i550 -ystem.out.printdatai " "0( -ystem.out.println0( 11



Golli#ingBalls.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 5ollidingBalls.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Collidin#Balls.java

* Execution: java Collidin#Balls G * =ependencies: -td=ra.java * * -imulate G )alls o uniorm mass, )ouncin# o te our alls * and eac oter accordin# to te las o elastic collisions. * * $ java Collidin#Balls @6 * * Limitations * 55555555555 * 5 ;neicient since it perorms GT9 collision cecs per dt. * * 5 Can miss collisions. 2se event5)ased simulation and a priority * Fueue instead o time5)ased simulation to ix. * * 5 pysics not correct * *************************************************************************/

import java.at.Color(

pu)lic class Collidin#Balls +

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/CollidingBalls.java







pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int G A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( dou)le dt A &.6( dou)le >3=;2- A @.6(

// initialiQe positions and velocities at random dou)le px A ne dou)leG( dou)le py A ne dou)leG( dou)le vx A ne dou)leG( dou)le vy A ne dou)leG( Color color A ne ColorG( or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + pxi A & ?K6 * at.random0( pyi A & ?K6 * at.random0( vxi A &6 * at.random0 5 @( vyi A &6 * at.random0 5 @( colori A Color.#etH-BColorloat0 at.random0, &.6, &.60( 1

int -;Ê A @&9( -td=ra.setscale6, -;Ê0( -td=ra.set7scale6, -;Ê0(

ile true0 + -td=ra.clearColor.BL3C<0(

// detect collision it all and reverse velocity or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + i pxi dt * vxi M -;Ê 5 >3=;2-0 pxi dt *vxi S >3=;2-00 vxi A 5vxi( i pyi dt * vyi M -;Ê 5 >3=;2-0 pyi dt *vyi S >3=;2-00 vyi A 5vyi( 1

// detect collision it oter particles or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + or int j A i &( j S G( j0 + dou)le dx A pxi 5 pxj0 dt * vxi 5 vxj0( dou)le dy A pyi 5 pyj0 dt * vyi 5 vyj0(

// i collision sap velocities i at.sFrtdx*dx dy*dy0 SA 9*>3=;2-0 + dou)le tempx A vxi( dou)le tempy A vyi( vxi A vxj( vyi A vyj(

vxj A tempx( vyj A tempy( -td3udio.play"pop.av"0( )rea( // only pairise collisions 1 1 1

// update positions or int i A 6( i S G( i0 +



pxi A pxi vxi * dt( pyi A pyi vyi * dt( 1

// update positions or int i A 6( i S G( i0 + -td=ra.setPenColorcolori0( -td=ra.illedCirclepxi, pyi, >3=;2-0( 1 -td=ra.so@60( 1 11



Du8e.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of $u2e.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac =ue.java * Execution: java =ue * =ependencies: -td=ra.java -td;n.java * * =ra te seFuence o ima#es %&.#i to %&'.#i. %is creates * te illusion o motion, ere te Uava mascot =ue cart5eels

* across te screen. * * >eerence:ttp://java.sun.com/docs/)oos/tutorial/uisin#/components/example5&dot?/index.tmlY%um)le;tem * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class =ue +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int ima#es A &'( // num)er o ima#es int W;=%H A &86, HE;JH% A K6( // ima#es are &865)y5K6 -td=ra.setCanvas-iQeW;=%H, HE;JH%0( -td=ra.setscale6, W;=%H0( -td=ra.set7scale6, HE;JH%0(

// main animation loop or int t A 6( true( t0 + int i A & t $ ima#es0( -trin# ilename A "%" i ".#i"( // name o te it ima#e -td=ra.pictureW;=%H/9.6, HE;JH%/9.6, ilename0( -td=ra.so&660(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Duke.java







1 1

1


6oreDu8e.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of ?ore$u2e.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac ore=ue.java * Execution: java ore=ue * =ependencies: -td=ra.java -td;n.java %&5&'.#i * * ae =ue carteel across te screen rom ri#t to let, rappin# * around. * * >eerence:ttp://java.sun.com/docs/)oos/tutorial/uisin#/components/example5&dot?/index.X * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class ore=ue +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + // ima#e idt A &865)y5K6 int ;3JE- A &'( // ima#es per carteel int C3>%WHEEL- A @( // carteels per cycle int C7CLE- A &66( // num)er o cycles int ]E>L3P A @'( // overlap )eteen tocarteels int W;=%H A ]E>L3P * C3>%WHEEL-( // idt o te indo int HE;JH% A K6( // ei#t o te indo -td=ra.setCanvas-iQeW;=%H, HE;JH%0( -td=ra.setscale6, W;=%H0( -td=ra.set7scale6, HE;JH%0(

// main animation loop int x A W;=%H * C7CLE-( or int t A 6( t S C7CLE-( t0 + x 5A ]E>L3P( or int i A &( i SA ;3JE-( i0 + -td=ra.clear0( -trin# ilename A "%" i ".#i"( // name o it ima#e -td=ra.picture x $ W;=%H, HE;JH%/9.6, ilename0( -td=ra.pictureW;=%H x $ W;=%H, HE;JH%/9.6, ilename0(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/MoreDuke.java







-td=ra.so&660( 1 -td=ra.so&6660( 1

1

1



"uestionsT,enty.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of 'uestionsTwenty.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac Iuestions%enty.java * Execution: java Iuestions%enty * =ependencies -td;n.java * * %in o an inte#er )eteen 6 and &666666. * %rutully anser !true! or !alse! to eac Fuestion ; as. * * I&: ;s your num)er SA @666664 * true

* I9: ;s your num)er SA 9@66664 * true * I8: ;s your num)er SA &9@6664 * true * I?: ;s your num)er SA 9@664 * alse * I@: ;s your num)er SA D8'@64 * true * I: ;s your num)er SA 'K&9@4 * alse * I': ;s your num)er SA K@D8K4 * true * IK: ;s your num)er SA K96894 * true * ID: ;s your num)er SA K66'D4 * alse * I&6: ;s your num)er SA K&6@4 * true * I&&: ;s your num)er SA K6@K4 * true * I&9: ;s your num)er SA K689?4 * alse * I&8: ;s your num)er SA K6??4

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/QuestionsTwenty.java







* true * I&?: ;s your num)er SA K68K@4 * true * I&@: ;s your num)er SA K68@@4 * true * I&: ;s your num)er SA K68?64 * alse * I&': ;s your num)er SA K68?K4 * true * I&K: ;s your num)er SA K68??4 * true * I&D: ;s your num)er SA K68?94 * true * I96: ;s your num)er SA K68?&4 * alse * * 7our inte#er is K68?9. * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class Iuestions%enty +

pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 + int lo A 6, i A &666666( -ystem.out.println"%in o an inte#er )eteen " lo " and " i "."0( -ystem.out.println"%rutully anser !true! or !alse! to eacFuestion ; as."0( -ystem.out.println0(

or int i A &( lo S i( i0 +

// invariant: num)er must )e in te interval lo, i int mid A lo i 5 lo0 / 9( -ystem.out.print"I" i ": "0( -ystem.out.println";s your num)er SA " mid "4"0( )oolean response A -td;n.readBoolean0( i response0 i A mid( else lo A mid &( 1

-ystem.out.println"7our inte#er is " lo "."0( -ystem.out.println0( 1

1



A##.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Add.java from §1.; In#ut and %ut#ut.

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Add.java



http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/15inout/Add.java




/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac 3dd.java * Execution: java 3dd

* =ependencies: -td;n.java ** Prompts te user or to inte#ers num)ers, reads tem in rom standard * input, and prints out teir sum. * * Gote: you must av te ile -td;n.java in your orin# directory. * * $ java 3dd * %ype te irst inte#er * @ S55 user types tis * %ype te second inte#er * 88 S55 user types tis * %eir sum is 8K

* *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class 3dd + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

// prompt user or irst inte#er and read rom standard input -tdut.println"%ype te irst inte#er"0( int x A -td;n.read;nt0(

// prompt user or second inte#er and read rom standard input -tdut.println"%ype te second inte#er"0( int y A -td;n.read;nt0(

// compute sum and print to standard output int sum A x y( -tdut.println"%eir sum is " sum0( 11



Transition.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of Transition.java from §1.C 5ase 9tudy3 agean2 .

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac %ransition.java * Execution: java %ransition S input.txt

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/16pagerank/Transition.java


http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/16pagerank






* =ata iles: ttp://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/&pa#eran/tiny.txt * ttp://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/&pa#eran/medium.txt * * %is pro#ram is a ilter tat reads lins rom standard input and * produces te correspondin# transition matrix on standard output. * Virst, it processes te input to count te outlins rom eac pa#e. * %en it applies te D65&6 rule to compute te transition matrix. * ;t assumes tat tere are no pa#es tat ave no outlins in te * input see Exercise &..80. * * $ more tiny.txt * @* 6 &* & 9 & 9* & 8 & 8 & ?* 9 8* 8 6* ? 6 ? 9* * $ java %ransition S tiny.txt

* @ @ * 6.69 6.D9 6.69 6.69 6.69 * 6.69 6.69 6.8K 6.8K 6.96 * 6.69 6.69 6.69 6.D9 6.69 * 6.D9 6.69 6.69 6.69 6.69 * 6.?' 6.69 6.?' 6.69 6.69 * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class %ransition +


int G A -td;n.read;nt0( // num)er o pa#es int counts A ne intGG( // countsij A Y lins rom pa#ei to pa#e j int out=e#ree A ne intG( // out=e#reei A Y lins rom pa#ei to anyere

// 3ccumulate lin counts.ile O-td;n.isEmpty00 +

int i A -td;n.read;nt0(int j A -td;n.read;nt0(out=e#reei(countsij(

1-tdut.printlnG " " G0(

// Print pro)a)ility distri)ution or ro i.or int i A 6( i S G( i0 +

// Print pro)a)ility or column j.or int j A 6( j S G( j0 +

dou)le p A .D6*countsij/out=e#reei .&6/G(



-tdut.print"$'.@ ", p0(1-tdut.println0(

11

1


Lat !pdated" S!n 5ct & 02"2&"2 ($) 201.

Ran#omurfer.java

Below is the syntax highlighted version of andom9urfer.java from §1.C 5ase 9tudy3 agean2 .

/************************************************************************* * Compilation: javac >andom-urer.java * Execution: java >andom-urer % * =ata iles: ttp://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/&pa#eran/tiny.txt * ttp://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/&pa#eran/medium.txt * * $ java %ransition S tiny.txt java >andom-urer &666666 * 6.9'9D' 6.9@K8 6.&?@DK 6.9?'9D 6.6'D8 * *************************************************************************/

pu)lic class >andom-urer + pu)lic static void main-trin# ar#s0 +

int % A ;nte#er.parse;ntar#s60( // num)er o moves int A -td;n.read;nt0( // num)er o pa#es 5 i#noresince A G int G A -td;n.read;nt0( // num)er o pa#es

// >ead transition matrix. dou)le p A ne dou)leGG( // pij A pro). tat surermoves rom pa#e i to pa#e j or int i A 6( i S G( i0 or int j A 6( j S G( j0

pij A -td;n.read=ou)le0(

int reF A ne intG( // reFi A Y times surer itspa#e i

// -tart at pa#e 6.int pa#e A 6(

or int t A 6( t S %( t0 +

// ae one random move.dou)le r A at.random0(

http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/16pagerank/RandomSurfer.java







dou)le sum A 6.6(or int j A 6( j S G( j0 +

// Vind interval containin# r.sum A ppa#ej(i r S sum0 + pa#e A j( )rea( 1

1reFpa#e(

1

// Print pa#e rans.or int i A 6( i S G( i0 +

-tdut.print"$K.@", dou)le0 reFi / %0(1

-tdut.println0(1

1

Copyright © 2000–2011, Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne. Lat !pdated" #ri /!g ' 03"2&"+' ($) 2011.

chapter 1 programing

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