chapter 1 section 1. geography -study of people, their environments, and the resources available to...
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Geography-study of people, their environments, and the
resources available to them5 Themes Location-tells you where something is on surface of Earth-Latitude and Longitude-Relative Location
Place-Human characteristicsWhere people live, economics, religion, language-Physical featuresLandforms, bodies of water, climate, soil, plant
and animal life, resources Human-Environment Interaction-using surroundings to advantage or clearing for
something more “important”
Movement-of people, goods, and ideasFollowing herds of animals
or moving for a job Region-based on physical location
or could be due to political, economic, or cultural features
Gulf states of Persian Gulf (physical) but broken down into Arabic speaking and Muslim areas
Prehistory-long period of time before
people invented systems of writing
Anthropology-study of origins and development of societiesCulture- way of life in a society that is passed on Archaeology-study of past people and cultures,
analyze remains to add to written records
Artifacts- objects made by humans
Relative Dating? Using artifacts to determine age Absolute Dating? Using precise methods, chemicals, wood
rings, carbon
Computers- store and collect data Photography- patterns of how land used Radioactivity- determine age of certain objects Geologists- date rocks near objects for age Zoologists- examine seeds and animal bones
to learn about diets Climatologists- develop possible weather
patterns Biologists analyze human bones and
bloodstains on stone tools or weapons
Historians-study how people lived in the pastLook at artifacts but rely heavily on written
works Detection-historian must evaluate evidence to determine if
reliable and then interpret-explain the meaning; why something happened-opinions may affect their interpretations
How do you personally interact with your environment?
How do anthropologists and archaeologists learn about the lives of prehistoric people?
Why do you think it is important for us to understand our past?
Mary and Louis Leakey 1930s, Tanzania in Olduvai Gorge. Bottom layers 1.7 to 2.1 million years old
Found tools of stone with decent technology 1959 Mary found skull belonging to Hominid? Group that includes humans and closest
relatives that walk upright
1974 Donald Johanson in Ethiopia found hominid skeleton at least 3 million years old
Named “Lucy” after a Beatles song Upright walker about 4 feet tall
Number of different hominid groups around over millions of years
Australopithecines (aw stray loh pith uh synz)- earliest, in Africa, 7 million years ago, “Lucy”
Homo habilis- 2 million years, “handy man”, stone tools for all activities
Homo erectus- 2 million years, “upright man”, larger brains, bones, smaller teeth, fire, ax
Remains found in Asia and Europe, first to migrate?
250,000 to 100,000 years ago Homo erectus disappeared and new group, Homo sapiens, emerged2 Theories
“Out of Africa”- first lived in Africa and migrated to other parts of world
Homo erectus developed into Homo sapiens around same time in different parts of world
Either way they eventually evolved into Neanderthals
1. What types of obstacles do historians have to overcome to give a straightforward account of events? How do you think they might do this?
2. In what ways do archaeologists work with new technologies and other scholars in their work?
3. Describe the story that anthropologists think the bones and tools they have discovered reveal about prehistory.
4. Use these terms in a complete sentence that helps explain what the word means. (prehistory, historian, artifact, anthropology, culture, archaeology, Leakeys, Lucy, Olduvai Gorge)