chapter 1 the first civilizations. early humans 1.what is an anthropologist? they study how humans...
TRANSCRIPT
Early Humans
1. What is an Anthropologist?
• They study how humans developed & how humans relate to one another
Early Humans
• 2. What is an Archaeologist?
• Hunt for evidence buried in the ground where settlements might have been
• They dig up artifacts & fossils– Artifacts = tools, weapons & other
things made by humans
– Fossils = traces of plants or animals preserved in rock
Early Humans
• 3. Who is Lucy? • A hominid fossil found by an American anthropologist named Donald Johnson in 1974
• Lucy was found in Ethiopia, a country on the African continent
• Lucy’s skeleton is nearly
3 MILLION YEARS OLD!!
Early Humans
• 4. Where do scientists think the first human beings developed?
• In East Africa• Early humans first lived
in the rain forests & then SLOWLY spread to the plains
• Probably spread in search of food & new places to live
Early Humans
• 5. What is the Stone Age?
• A time period when people used stone tools & weapons
• Began about 2.5 million years ago
• Also called Paleolithic period – “Old Stone Age”
Early Humans
• 6. What were Paleolithic people like?
• They were hunter-gather nomads
• They hunted & gathered food wherever they could find it
• Moved around all the time, did not have a regular home
Early Humans
• 7. What was Paleolithic technology?
• Technology = tools & methods humans use to perform tasks
• Paleolithic technology = using flint (really hard stone) to make other stones into tools
Early Humans
• 8. What discovery changed the lives of Paleolithic people?
• Learning how to create & tame fire
• Fire helped people stay warm, cook food & scare wild animals away.
Early Humans
• 9. What were the Ice Ages?
• Long periods of extreme cold
• Thick sheets of ice covered parts of Europe, Asia & North America
• People began using animals skins as clothing to keep warm
Early Humans
• 10. What was the Neolithic Age?
• Began after the last Ice Age ended – around 8,000 B.C.
• People began to farm & settle in villages
• Began to domesticate animals – tame animals for human use
Early Humans
• 11. Why was farming important?
• Allowed more people to be fed & increased the world’s population
• Changed the type of food people ate
• People began creating villages
Early Humans
• 12. What were some negative effects of farming?
• Lots of people close together in one area
• Diseases to spread more easily
• Water became dirty quicker
• Garbage piled up
Early Humans
• 13. What were some of the earliest Neolithic villages?
• Catal Huyuk – located in present day Turkey
• Jericho – located in present day Israel
Early Humans
• 14. What were some benefits of settled life for early humans?
• Steady food supplies • Healthy, larger
population• People began to
specialize in jobs such as pottery, weaving, farming