chapter 10

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Chapter 10

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems


OBJECTIVES

Identify the organs and other structures of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systemsDefine and spell the word partsBuild and analyze medical terms using word partsDefine, pronounce, and spell the disease and disorder, diagnostic, surgical, and complementary terms for the cardiovascular and lymphatic systemsInterpret the meanings of abbreviationsRead medical documents and interpret medical terminology contained in them


Function of the Cardiovascular System

Nourishes the body by transporting nutrients and oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide and other waste products


Interior of the Heart


Microcirculation


Cardiovascular System

heart: muscular organ the size of a closed fist, located behind the breast bone and between the lungs. The pumping action, circulates blood throughout the body upper chambers: right and left atrium lower chambers: right and left ventricle cardiac septum: separates right and left sides

of heart


Cardiovascular System (cont’d)

tricuspid valve: located between right atrium and right ventricle

bicuspid valve (mitral valve): located between the left atrium and left ventricle

pericardium: outer layer of heart

myocardium: middle, thick, muscular layer

endocardium: inner lining of the heart



blood vessels: tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body arteries: carry blood containing oxygen &

other nutrients away from the heart to the body cells except for the pulmonary artery, which carries carbon dioxide and other waste products to the lungs

arterioles: smallest arteries aorta: largest artery in the body



veins: carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products back to the heart except for the pulmonary vein, which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart venules: smallest veins in the body venae cavae: largest veins in the body capillaries: connect arterioles with venules;

exchange of gases takes place in capillaries



blood plasma: liquid portion of blood in which cells

float cells

erythrocytes: red blood cells that carry oxygen leukocytes: white blood cells that fight

infection platelets (thrombocytes): for coagulation


Function of the Lymphatic System

Removal of excessive tissue fluid, which

develops from increased metabolic activity.

(Lymphatics, or lymph vessels, are found

throughout most of the body.)


Lymphatic System


Lymphatic System

lymph: transparent, usually colorless, tissue fluid

lymph nodes: small, spherical bodies made up of lymphoid tissue; act as filters in keeping substances such as bacteria from the blood


Lymphatic System (cont’d)

spleen: located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm; largest lymphatic organ in the body

thymus gland: located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs; plays an important role in the development of the body’s immune system


Combining Forms for Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

angio/o

aort/o

arteri/o

atri/o

cardi/o

lymph/o

phleb/o

plasm/o


Combining Forms for Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems (cont’d)

splen/o

thym/o

valv/o, valvul/o

ven/o

ventricul/o


Combining Forms Used with Cardio-vascular and Lymphatic Systems

ather/o

ech/o

electr/o

isch/o

therm/o

thromb/o


Prefixes

brady-

tachy-


Similar Suffixes Usedin Diagnostic Terms

Suffix Meaning Chapter

-gram Record, x-ray image

5

-graph Instrument used to record

10

-graphy Process of recording, x-ray imaging

5


Suffixes

-ac

-apheresis

-crit

-graph

-odynia

-penia

-poiesis

-sclerosis


Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts

Heart and Blood Vessels angiocarditis angioma angiostenosis aortic stenosis arterioscletosis atherosclerosis bradycardia cardiodynia


Aortic Stenosis


Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

Heart and Blood Vessels cardiomegal cardiomyopathy endocarditis ischemia myocarditis pericarditis tachycardia thrombophlebitis


Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

Blood and Lymphatic Systems hematocytopenia hematoma lymphadenitis pancytopenia splenomegaly thrombosis thrombus thymoma


Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts

acute coronary syndrome anemia aneurysm angina pectoris cardiac arrest coarctation of the aorta congestive heart failure (CHF) coronary occlusion


Aneurysm


Coarctation of the Aorta


Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

deep vein thrombosis (DVT) dysrhythmia embolus fibrillation hemophilia hemorrhoid Hodgkin disease hypertensive heart disease (HHD)


Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

leukemia

mitral valve stenosis

myocardial infarction (MI)

peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

rheumatic fever

sickle cell anemia

varicose veins


Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts

angioplasty angiorrhaphy atherectomy endarterectomy pericardiocentesis phlebotomy splenopexy thymectomy


(within) / (artery) / (excision)


Surgical Terms Not Built from Word Parts

aneurysmectomy bone marrow transplant cardiac pacemaker coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) coronary stent defibrillation femoropopliteal bypass hemorrhoidectomy


Coronary Artery Bypass Graft


Coronary Stent

A, Stent at site of plaque formation. B, Inflated balloon and expanded stent. C, Implanted stent.


Placement of Defibrillator Paddles


Surgical Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

implantable cardiac defibrillator

laser angioplasty


Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator


Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts

Heart and Blood Vessels

Diagnostic imaging angiography angioscopy aortogram arteriogram venography


Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)


Cardiovascular diagnostic procedures echocardiogram (ECHO) electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)


(electric activity) / cv / (heart) / cv / (record)


Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts

Blood and Lymphatic Systems

Laboratory erythrocyte count (RBC) hematocrit (HCT) leukocyte count (WBC)

Diagnostic imaging lymphangiography


Diagnostic Terms Not Builtfrom Word Parts (cont’d)


Diagnostic imaging digital subtraction angiography (DSA) Doppler ultrasound exercise stress test thallium test transesophageal echocardiogram




Other diagnostic terms sphygmomanometer stethoscope


Sphygmomanometer



Blood and Lymphatic System

Laboratory complete blood count (CBC) coagulation time hemoglobin (Hgb) prothrombin time (PT)



Other bone marrow biopsy cardiac catheterization impedance plethysmography


Bone Marrow for Biopsy


Cardiac Catheterization


Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts

atrioventricular (AV) cardiac cardiogenic cardiology hematologist hematopoiesis hemolysis hemostasis


Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

hypothermia

intravenous

tachypnea

thrombolysis



Heart and Blood Vessels cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) distole heart murmur hypertension hypotension percussion systole



Blood and Lymphatic Systems

anticoagulant

hemorrhage

plasma

serum


Abbreviations

ACS

AV

BP

CABG

CAD

CBC

CCU

CHF

CPR

DSA

DVT

ECG, EKG

ECHO

HCT


Abbreviations (cont’d)

Hgb

HHD

IV

MI

PAD

PT

RBC

SPECT

TEE

WBC

chapter 10

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