Chapter 10

Islam

Bedouins

• Who: nomadic herders• What: moved through the desert to reach

seasonal pasturelands for their animals; predecessors the Islamic peoples

• Where: southwest Asia, Middle East• When: 500 • Why: they traded with settled Arab tribes in

oasis towns; & protected caravan routes

Bedouins (6)

• Who: nomadic herders• What: moved through the desert to reach

pasturelands for their herds• Where: Arabian penin, ME • When: 500 AD• Why: competition for water & grazing land led

to warfare; predecessors of the Islamic ppl

Muhammad

• Who: prophet of Islam• What: messenger of God, he founded the Islamic

faith• Where: Mecca, Arabian peninsula• When: 570-632?• Why: he was troubled by the morals of society &

would meditate in the hills- heard an angel’s voice telling him “There is one God and one ppl” = the basis of Islamic faith, he started the Islam religion

Muhammad (6)

• Who: Arab prophet of Islam; founder of Islam• What: established the Muslim faith after

receiving a vision that told him there was only one God

• Where: Mecca, Arabian penin., ME• When: 570-632 AD• Why: the Muslim faith has greatly influenced

modern culture and would not exist w/o him

Workbook part A

• 570- Muhammad was born• 595- Muhammad meets Khadija (his wife) • 622- faced w. threat of murder, M & his

followers left Mecca for Yathrib (Medina); this marked the 1st year of the Islamic calendar- this journey was known as the Hijra

• 630- Muhammad returned to Mecca• 632 Muhammad died

Mecca

• Who: Muslims, Muhammad• What: a market town at the crossroads of several

trading routes, where Muhammad was born, where Islam was founded

• Where: Arabian peninsula, Middle East• When: 570 AD• Why: this is where Muhammad the prophet was

born; the Islamic religion was founded here; the Kaaba is here

Mecca (6)

• Who: Arabs & Muslims, Muhammad• What: a bustling market town that is at the

crossroads of many trading routes• Where: Southern Arabian penin, ME• When: 570 • Why: the trading in the area helped make

merchants wealthy; this is where M was born; this is where Islam was founded; this is where the Kaaba is located

Yathrib

• Who: Muhammad & his followers• What: a city that M & his followers flee to to

avoid death; the journey here is known as the Hijra, a city near Mecca

• Where: Arabian peninsula, ME• When: 622• Why: this city is where Muhammad & his

followers escaped to avoid murder; it was later renamed Medina

Hijra

• Who: Muhammad & his followers• What: the journey from Meccca to Yathrib (Medina)

of Muhammad & his followers• Where: Arabian penin, ME• When: 622 AD * • Why: they left Mecca b.c. of the threat of murder=

went to Yathrib (Medina) = this journey marks the 1st year on the Islamic calendar (beginning of Islam); today Muslims complete this journey as part of their religion

Hijra (6)

• Who: Muhammad & his followers• What: a religious journey from Mecca to Yathrib• Where: from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina),

Arabian penin, ME• When: 622 * • Why: this journey led M & his followers to safety

= marked the 1st year of the Islamic calendar = Islam was now a religion

Medina

• Who: M & his followers• What: city that was renamed this, used to be

Yathrib• Where: Arabian penin, ME• When: 622 AD• Why: M visited here and it became known as

“City of the prophet” & was renamed Medina; his journey to here marked the 1st year on the Islamic calendar

Kaaba (Ka’ba)

• Who: Muslims• What: a temple that Muslims believed

Abraham built to worship God• Where: Mecca, Arabain penin, ME• When: 630 • Why: this became the most holy place in

Islam; Muslims travel here to pay homage to Islam & Allah

Quran

• Who: Muslims• What: the sacred text of Islam• Where: Mecca, Arabian penin, ME• When: 622• Why: this states that ppl are responsible for

theoir own actions, teaches God is all powerful & compassionate; lists the 5 pillars of the faith: Declaration of the faith; Daily prayer, Alms for the poor, Fasting, Hajj

Mosques

• Who: Muslims• What: a house of worship for the Islamic faith• Where: Southwestern Asia, Mecca, ME• When: 622- present• Why: the second pillar of faith in the Islam

religion is prayer- Muslims often meet in the mosque in order to pray

Hajj

• Who: Muslim pilgrims• What: a pilgrimage to Mecca to participate in

ceremonies commemorating the actions of Muhammad

• Where: Mecca to Medina• When: 622- present• Why : their simple attire symbolized the abandonment

of the material world for God; the 5th pillar for Muslims- they must make this journey 1 time in their life

Jihad

• Who: Muslims• What: struggle in God’s service, a personal

duty of Muslims who focus on overcoming immortality w/in themselves; religious war

• Where: Arabian penin, ME• When: 600s• Why: this is a duty of the Muslims to defend

their religion = still around today

Sharia

• Who: Muslim scholars• What: a body of law that includes

interpretations of the Quran, Islamic law• Where: Arabian penin, ME• When: 600s• Why: this regulates moral conduct, life,

business practices, and government in Islamic nations and for Islamic ppl

Workbook part B

• 3 main Bubbles:– Quran• Sacred text of Islam

– Sharia law– 5 pillars of Islam• Declaration of faith• Pray 5 times daily• Give charity to the poor• Fast during Ramadan (don’t eat)• Make Hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca once in your lifetime