chapter 10: america claims an empire chapter 10.1: imperialism & america chapter 10.2: the...
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CHAPTER 10: AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE CHAPTER 10.1: IMPERIALISM &
AMERICA CHAPTER 10.2: THE SPANISH-
AMERICAN WAR CHAPTER 10.3: ACQUIRING NEW
LANDS CHAPTER 10.4: AMERICA AS A WORLD
POWER
CHAPTER 10.1: IMPERIALISM & AMERICA
THIS SECTION IS ABOUT HOW BEGINNING IN 1867 GLOBAL COMPETITION CAUSED THE U.S. TO EXPAND.
AMERICAN EXPANSIONISM AMERICA FOLLOWS EUROPEAN
POWERS’ POLICY OF IMPERIALISM STRONGER NATIONS EXTEND CONTROL
OVER WEAKER TERRITORIES EUROPEANS CONTROLLED AFRICA & WERE
MOVING ON ASIA
AMERICAN EXPANSIONISM CONT. 3 FACTORS FUELING IMPERIALISM
MILITARY STRENGTH ADMIRAL MAHAN-U.S. MUST BUILD-UP NAVY TO
COMPETE WITH WORLD POWERS, BECAME 3RD LARGEST
NEW MARKETS U.S. PRODUCED MORE FOOD & GOODS THAN NEEDED
HERE, BUT NEEDED MARKETS TO SELL GOODS & MORE RAW MATERIALS
BELIEF IN CULTURAL SUPERIORITY MANY IN U.S. BELIEVED IT WAS AMERICANS’ JOB TO
SPREAD CIVILIZATION & CHRISTIANITY
THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA 1867 SEC. OF STATE W. SEWARD BUYS
ALASKA FOR $7.2 MILLION FROM RUSSIANS DOUBTERS CALLED IT “SEWARD’S FOLLY”
OR “SEWARD’S ICE BOX” .02 CENTS AN ACRE NEW SOURCE OF TIMBER, MINERALS & OIL 1959 ALASKA BECOMES 49TH STATE
THE U.S. TAKES HAWAII 1867 U.S. TAKES MIDWAY ISLANDS IN PACIFIC OCEAN HAWAII HELD STRATEGIC PACIFIC CROSSING
LOCATION AMERICANS OWNED SUGAR PLANTATIONS ON
ISLANDS 1887 U.S. BUILT NAVAL BASE AT PEARL HARBOR G. CLEVELAND RECOGNIZED REPUBLIC OF HAWAII W. McKINLEY FAVORED ANNEXATION OF HAWAII U.S. SENDS MARINES TO OVERTHROW QUEEN ,
CONGRESS PROCLAIMS HAWAII A TERRITORY TO PROTECT WEALTHY AMERICAN SUGAR OWNERS BECAME 50TH STATE IN 1959
CHAPTER 10.2: THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
THIS SECTION IS ABOUT HOW IN 1898 THE U.S. WENT TO WAR WITH SPAIN TO HELP CUBA GAIN INDEPENDENCE.
CUBANS REBEL AGAINST SPAIN CUBA ONLY 90 MILES FROM SOUTH
FLORIDA U.S. HAD HEAVY INVESTMENTS IN
CUBAN SUGAR CANE PLANTATIONS 1895 CUBA’S SECOND REVOLUTION
EXILES LED BY JOSE MARTI REVOLTED ATTACKED AMERICAN OWNED PROPERTY WANTED TO PROVOKE U.S. TO HELP
WAR FEVER ERUPTS AMERICANS DIVIDED
SUPPORT SPAIN FOR ECONOMIC GAIN SUPPORT CUBANS FOR FREEDOM &
INDEPENDENCE, “CUBA LIBRE!”
YELLOW JOURNALISM BEGINS HEARST & PULITZER PRINT EXAGGERATED
ACCOUNTS OF CUBAN REVOLT TO SELL PAPERS HEARST TELLS ARTIST F. REMINGTON “YOU
FURNISH THE PICTURES & I’LL FURNISH THE WAR.”
WAR FEVER ERUPTS DE LOME LETTER
SPANISH MINISTER’S LETTER STOLEN BY A CUBAN REBEL
CRITICIZED PRES. MCKINLEY, CALLED HIM WEAK
ATTACK ON U.S. PRESIDENT ANGERED AMERICANS
WAR FEVER ERUPTS THE U.S.S. MAINE
2/15/1898 EXPLODES IN HAVANA HARBOR 268 U.S. SAILORS KILLED SPAIN BLAMED FOR THE ATTACK “REMEMBER THE MAINE, TO HELL WITH
SPAIN”
WAR WITH SPAIN ERUPTS 4/20/1898 U.S. DECLARES WAR ON SPAIN “REMEMBER THE MAINE” BECOMES WAR
SLOGAN U.S. LAUNCHES SURPRISE ATTACK ON
SPANISH CONTROLLED PHILIPPINES COMMODORE DEWEY DESTROYS SPANISH FLEET IN
HOURS BY AUGUST U.S. & FILIPINO REBELS DEFEAT SPAIN
WAR WITH SPAIN ERUPTS JUNE 1898 U.S. TROOPS LAND IN CUBA
17,000 AMERICANS TR & ROUGH RIDERS U.S. WINS BATTLES OF SAN JUAN HILL &
KETTLE HILL, TR DECLARED A NATIONAL HERO
JULY 25, 1898 U.S. INVADES PUERTO RICO
WAR WITH SPAIN ERUPTS TREATY OF PARIS 8/12/1898
ENDS WAR WITH SPAIN SEC. OF STATE JOHN HAY SAYS “A
SPLENDID LITTLE WAR” SPAIN FREES CUBA U.S. GOT GUAM, PUERTO RICO & BOUGHT
PHILIPPINES FOR $20 MILLION
WAR WITH SPAIN ERUPTS DEBATE OVER U.S. IMPERIALISM
PRES. MCKINLEY FOR IMPERIALISM B.T. WASHINGTON, ANDREW CARNEGIE &
SAM GOMPERS AGAINST IMPERIALISM POLITICAL, ECONOMIC & MORAL REASONS
AGAINST THE TAKING OF COUNTRIES
CHAPTER 10.3: ACQUIRING NEW LANDS
THIS SECTION IS ABOUT HOW, IN THE EARLY 1900s, THE U.S. ENGAGED IN CONFLICTS IN PUERTO RICO, CUBA & THE PHILIPPINES.
RULING PUERTO RICO U.S. OCCUPIES PR DURING WAR WITH SPAIN
PR UNDER U.S. MILITARY CONTROL STRATEGICALLY IMPORTANT FOR U.S. PRESENCE
IN CARIBBEAN 1900 FORAKER ACT
ENDED MILITARY RULE, SET-UP CIVILIAN GOV’T U.S. PRES. APPOINTS PR GOVERNOR
1917 PRs GRANTED U.S. CITIZENSHIP PR IS A U.S. TERRITORY AND HAS REFUSED
STATEHOOD SEVERAL TIMES
CUBA & THE U.S. U.S. TROOPS OCCUPY CUBA AT END OF SPANISH-
AMERICAN WAR U.S. MILITARY PROVIDES AID TO CUBA 1900 CUBA WRITES ITS’ OWN CONSTITUTION
1901 U.S. FORCES CUBA TO ADD PLATT AMENDMENT, MADE CUBA A U.S. PROTECTORATE
U.S. WOULD CONTROL SOME ASPECTS OF CUBAN GOV’T U.S. COULD BUY/LEASE LAND FOR NAVAL BASE
(GUANTANOMO BAY) U.S. WANTED TO PROTECT BUSINESS INTERESTS IN
CUBA, CARNEGIE WAS AGAINST COLONIZING NATIONS
FILIPINOS REBEL FILIPINOS OUTRAGED OVER U.S.
ANNEXATION (TAKE OVER) THE PHILIPPINES WERE A STRATEGIC
GATEWAY TO ASIAN COUNTRIES INCLUDING CHINA
AGUINALDO (FILIPINO REBEL) VOWS TO FIGHT AMERICA FOR INDEPENDENCE
FILIPINOS REBEL 2/1899 PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR BEGINS
FILIPINOS USE GUERRILLA TACTICS U.S. CRACKS DOWN ON CIVILIANS 3 YEAR WAR-COST $400 MILLION
20,000 FILIPINOS KILLED 4,000 AMERICANS KILLED
U.S. WINS, SETS-UP NEW GOV’T PHILIPPINES BECOMES INDEPENDENT 7/4/1946
FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CHINA EUROPEAN POWERS ALREADY IN CHINA;
FRANCE, GERMANY & BRITAIN, JAPAN ALSO MOVING INTO CHINA
U.S. OPEN DOOR POLICY SEC. STATE JOHN HAY FEARED CHINA WAS BEING
CARVED INTO COLONIES WRITES LETTERS TO FOREIGN POWERS “OPEN
DOOR NOTES” ASKED IF OTHER POWERS WOULD SHARE TRADING
RIGHTS WITH U.S. NO NATION WOULD HAVE MONOPOLY IN CHINA
FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CHINA 3 BELIEFS OF OPEN DOOR POLICY &
AMERICA’S INDUSTRIAL CAPITALIST ECONOMY: U.S. ECONOMIC GROWTH DEPENDED ON
EXPORTS U.S. HAD THE RIGHT TO INTERVENE
OVERSEAS TO PROTECT MARKETS CLOSING ANY AREA OF THE WORLD TO
AMERICA THREATENED OUR SURVIVAL
FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CHINA THE BOXER REBELLION
BOXERS-(MARTIAL ARTS SOCIETY) VOWED TO RID CHINA OF “FOREIGN DEVILS”
1900 REBELLION BEGINS IN 2 MONTHS BOXERS KILL HUNDREDS OF
FOREIGNERS & MISSIONARIES TROOPS FROM BRITAIN, FRANCE,
GERMANY, JAPAN & U.S. PUT DOWN REBELLION
THE IMPACT OF U.S. TERRITORIAL GAINS 1900 MCKINLEY WINS REELECTION
SUPPORTING IMPERIALISM MOST AMERICANS SUPPORTED U.S.
IMPERIALISM ANTI-IMPERIALISTS BELIEVED U.S. SHOULD
NOT RULE OTHER PEOPLE WITHOUT THEIR CONSENT W.J. BRYAN, GROVER CLEVELAND, ANDREW
CARNEGIE, JANE ADDAMS & MARK TWAIN
CHAPTER 10.4: AMERICA AS A WORLD POWER
THIS SECTION IS ABOUT HOW AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT IN THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, THE BUILDING OF THE PANAMA CANAL & INTERVENTION INTO CENTRAL & LATIN AMERICA ADDED TO AMERICA’S POWER.
T. ROOSEVELT & THE WORLD TR BECOMES PRES. IN 1901
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR 1904 JAPAN & RUSSIA FIGHTING OVER KOREA JAPAN SECRETLY ASKS TR TO MEDIATE
PEACE TALKS TR WINS NOBEL PEACE PRIZE FOR ENDING
WAR
T. ROOSEVELT & THE WORLD TR BELIEVED U.S. NEEDED A CANAL
ACROSS CENTRAL AMERICA 1903 U.S. BUYS CANAL RIGHTS FROM
FRENCH CO. U.S. HELPS PANAMA GAIN INDEPENDENCE
FROM COLOMBIA U.S. & PANAMA SIGN TREATY TO SELL/RENT
LAND AS PART OF “CANAL ZONE”
T. ROOSEVELT & THE WORLD THE PANAMA CANAL
1904 CONSTRUCTION BEGINS 1914 CANAL OPENS OVER 43,000 WORKERS 5,600 DIED DURING CONSTRUCTION $380 MILLION TO BUILD FASTER TRAVEL BETWEEN ATLANTIC & PACIFIC
OCEANS 51 MILES LONG, USES LOCKS FOR DIFFERING
OCEAN LEVELS
T. ROOSEVELT & THE WORLD TR WANTS U.S. TO BE DOMINANT FOREIGN
INFLUENCE IN CARIBBEAN & CENTRAL AMERICA 1823 MONROE DOCTRINE, PRES. MONROE WARNS
EUROPEAN POWERS TO STAY OUT OF LATIN AMERICA
TR’S POLICY “SPEAK SOFTLY & CARRY A BIG STICK” 1904 ROOSEVELT COROLLARY-U.S. WOULD USE
FORCE TO PROTECT INTERESTS IN LATIN AMERICA & WESTERN HEMISPHERE
TAFT CONTINUED WITH “DOLLAR DIPLOMACY” USE GOV’T LOANS & BANKS TO SUPPORT STRUGGLING NATIONS
WOODROW WILSON’S MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY WILSON’S MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY
ADDED MORAL TONE TO MONROE DOCTRINE U.S. HAD MORAL RESPONSIBILITY TO NOT
RECOGNIZE OPPRESSIVE, UNDEMOCRATIC OR HOSTILE LATIN AMERICAN GOVERNMENTS
WILSON PRESSURED WESTERN GOV’Ts TO BECOME DEMOCRACIES OR LOSE U.S. SUPPORT
WOODROW WILSON’S MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY MEXICAN REVOLUTION 1911
U.S. BACKED MILITARY LEADER WHO WAS OVERTHROWN BY PEASANTS & WORKERS
1913 GENERAL HUERTA SEIZES GOV’T, WILSON REFUSES TO RECOGNIZE “A GOV’T OF BUTCHERS”
1914 U.S. INTERVENES IN MEXICO AFTER ARREST OF U.S. SAILORS
MARINES ORDERED TO VERACRUZ 18 AMERICANS KILLED IN INVASION U.S. & MEXICO NEARLY GO TO WAR
WOODROW WILSON’S MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY
REBELLION IN MEXICO REBEL LEADERS PANCHO VILLA (ROBIN
HOOD FIGURE)& EMILIANO ZAPATA OPPOSE NEW AMERICAN BACKED GOV’T
VILLA THREATENS TO ATTACK U.S. FOR SUPPORTING NEW GOV’T
VILLA’S MEN KILL OVER 20 AMERICANS WORKING IN MEXICO
WOODROW WILSON’S MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY THE HUNT FOR VILLA
WILSON ORDERS JOHN J. PERSHING & 15,000 TROOPS TO MEXICO TO CAPTURE VILLA “DEAD OR ALIVE”
1916 MEXICAN MILITARY ORDERED TO ATTACK U.S. ARMY IN MEXICO
1917 WILSON ORDERS PERSHING BACK TO U.S. AFTER 1 YEAR, U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN WWI SET TO BEGIN
VILLA LATER ASSASSINATED IN 1923