Chapter 10Chapter 10

By: Morgan, Erica, Leah, Jesse By: Morgan, Erica, Leah, Jesse and Delaneyand Delaney

Lessons 1,2,3Lessons 1,2,3

Tidewater Region Tidewater Region

The South is known for great bays, broad The South is known for great bays, broad rivers, and tangled swamps. rivers, and tangled swamps.

A tidewater is a low-lying coastal plain full A tidewater is a low-lying coastal plain full of water ways.of water ways.

The South was ideal for growing crops due The South was ideal for growing crops due to its 7 to 8 month growing seasons.to its 7 to 8 month growing seasons.

This area had a lot of animals for hunting.This area had a lot of animals for hunting.

Tide Water Region cont.Tide Water Region cont.

Forests were filled with animals, hunters Forests were filled with animals, hunters found ducks, deer, bears, buffaloes and found ducks, deer, bears, buffaloes and turkey, fish filled many of the rivers. turkey, fish filled many of the rivers. Clams, crabs and other shell fish were Clams, crabs and other shell fish were easy to find. easy to find.

The Tidewater was an area of great The Tidewater was an area of great natural beauty riches.natural beauty riches.

The Back CountryThe Back Country

The Blue Ridge and great smoky The Blue Ridge and great smoky mountains Appalachians. In North mountains Appalachians. In North Carolina’s back country, more than Carolina’s back country, more than forty peaks rise to 6,000 ft. (1800 m).forty peaks rise to 6,000 ft. (1800 m).

The Back Country’s farmers found The Back Country’s farmers found red clay soil of Piedmont rise was red clay soil of Piedmont rise was good for growing corn and tobacco.good for growing corn and tobacco.

A Rich LandA Rich Land

The Europeans who settled in the The Europeans who settled in the southern colonies, found a rich land. southern colonies, found a rich land. The soil was very rich.The soil was very rich.

The climate was warm most of the The climate was warm most of the year.year.

MarylandMaryland The second colony started in the Southern The second colony started in the Southern

Colonies began as the idea of a rich Colonies began as the idea of a rich Catholic named Catholic named George CalvertGeorge Calvert..

Calvert persuaded King Charles I of Calvert persuaded King Charles I of England to grant him a large area of England to grant him a large area of plantation Chesapeake Bay.plantation Chesapeake Bay.

Calvert planned to make Calvert planned to make MarylandMaryland a place a place where Catholics could worship in peacewhere Catholics could worship in peace..

But he died before he could carry out his But he died before he could carry out his plans.plans.

In 1632, Calvert decided to build a colony In 1632, Calvert decided to build a colony for Catholics in North America.for Catholics in North America.

The King named the new colony Mary The King named the new colony Mary Land after his wife, Queen Henrietta Land after his wife, Queen Henrietta Maria.Maria.

Maryland cont. Maryland cont.

The Carolinas The Carolinas

In 1663, England King Charles II gave the In 1663, England King Charles II gave the area south of Virginia to area south of Virginia to eight friendseight friends..

They named it after Charles. (They named it after Charles. (CarolusCarolus = = Charles in Latin.)Charles in Latin.)

They were going to make money by renting They were going to make money by renting land.land.

The friends were proprietors, a person who The friends were proprietors, a person who owns land property for business.owns land property for business.

The Carolinas The Carolinas

In 1729, King George II took over Carolina In 1729, King George II took over Carolina and divided it into two Colonies North and divided it into two Colonies North Carolina and South Carolina.Carolina and South Carolina.

The land around Charlestown was too The land around Charlestown was too swampy for tobacco. They grew indigo and swampy for tobacco. They grew indigo and rice which became SC first cash crops, a rice which became SC first cash crops, a crop grown to be sold for profit.crop grown to be sold for profit.

Georgia Georgia King George gave King George gave James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe the the

land.land. He He brought 114 brought 114 debtorsdebtors in 1733. Each in 1733. Each

was given 50 acres (20 ha) of land and was given 50 acres (20 ha) of land and told to raise wine grapes and silk told to raise wine grapes and silk worms. worms.

But wine grapes and silk worms grew But wine grapes and silk worms grew poorly in Georgia’s soil and many poorly in Georgia’s soil and many colonists colonists

left. left.

Georgia cont.Georgia cont.

In 1752, King George II took control of In 1752, King George II took control of Georgia. He gave the colonists land and Georgia. He gave the colonists land and let them Plant whatever they wantedlet them Plant whatever they wanted. .

Soon they were raising Soon they were raising rice and indigorice and indigo. . The colony began to grow at last.The colony began to grow at last.

The Southern FiveThe Southern Five All five Southern Colonies offered fertile All five Southern Colonies offered fertile

soil to farm.soil to farm.

Chapter 10

Lesson 3

By: Morgan,

Erica, Leah, Jesse, and Delaney

The Plantation

Plantations are very large farms in the country.

Instead of addresses they had names for their plantations such as Gunston Hall and Claremont Manor.

Everything the plantation owners needed was grown by themselves.

Towns and Trade

Running a plantation is like running a business.

Boston and Philadelphia were trade posts. Without trade most towns in the Southern

Colonies remained small, but Charles Town grew quickly (now Charleston.)

William Byrd ll was a wealthy plantation owner. He worked his slaves very hard.

Work and Play

Byrd left a diary about daily activities. From that we know that Byrd spent most of his time looking after Westover, his plantation.

He saw that the people he had enslaved planted and harvested his crops at the right time.

Most plantations were miles from any other farm or town, so people were always welcome.

A popular saying was “Ride a mile, stay a week.” During stays, visitors had a nice time horse racing

and fox hunting.

Wealthy Planters

In the Southern colonies the rich planters lived in luxurious homes on their land.

Slavery affected the lives of Africans in the Southern Colonies.

Chapter 10

Lesson 4

Slavery in the Colonies

By:Mr. Mazur

Captives and Servants

• In 1670, Africans were no longer indentured servants. They became

slaves.

• Planters realized they could make more money with

slave labor.

“Slave Young, Slave Old”

• Slaves were treated as property.

• The worked from 6 years of age until old age. (Hence the title.)

• Families were broken up.

• They were fed, clothed, and housed by owners.

• Work began at dawn.

• Overseers enforced the owners’ rules.

Some better than others.

“Slave Young, Slave Old”

• “Field slaves” worked in the field. They did most of the hard work.

• “House slaves” worked as servants or cooks.

• Most worked 6 – 7 days a week.

Fight Back

• Planters wanted slaves that obeyed and worked hard.– Those that didn’t were punished.

• Slaves fought back at every chance.– They:

• Broke tools• Worked slowly• Burned down buildings• Worked when only watched = “eye service”

• Slavery was practiced in ALL the colonies.• However, more were held captive in the

Southern Colonies.– They helped grow indigo, rice, tobacco, and

cotton

• They faced endless work with no reward.• It was against the law, in most colonies, to

teach slaves to read or write.– Why do you think they didn’t want them to?

Chapter 10Chapter 10

Lesson 5Lesson 5

George Washington’s VirginiaGeorge Washington’s Virginia

By:Mr. Mazur

Tidewater Virginia

George Washington was born on a plantation in Virginia.

It was not the same as it was when Jamestown was formed.

The Powhatan were forced off their land. Slaves worked the land.

Because plantations were spread out, there were few schools.

He was taught at home until his father died. He wanted to go to school in England.

Tidewater Virginia

George Washington moved to Mount Vernon where his brother lived.

Here few wealthy families ran nearly everything.

He became part of a very privileged group. Time was spent:

Going to dances Fox hunts

Children from the families would marry each other and become leaders of the colonies.

Backcountry Virginia

Backcountry = an area of land across the Blue Ridge Mountains to the Shenandoah Valley.• Shenandoah = “Daughter of the Stars”

• Algonquian Language

George met many Scot-Irish and German colonists.

Backcountry Virginia

•Grew small amounts of food

•Worked hard just to stay alive

•Hunted or fished •Women

didn’t wear silk or lace

•One room houses w/little furniture

•Women wore silk and lace

•Wealthy and elegant homes

•Plantations

•Women didn’t work with their husbands

Virginians

Backcountry Tidewater

•Atlantic

•Mountains

•Leaders of the colonies

Backcountry Virginia

George learned there were two Virginias.•Tidewater

• Wealthy colonists in elegant homes

•Backcountry• Small cabins and rough and hardy colonists