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Chapter 10

MOTIVATIONWhen you finish this chapter you will be able to:

Classifying theories of motivationContent theories of motivationProcess theories of motivationApplications of work motivation

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1. Classifying theories of motivation

Content theories: -Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory -Herzberg Two Factor Theory -Achievement Motivation Theory

Process theories :-Goal Setting Theory -Vroom's Expectancy Theory -Adam's Equity Theory -Poter's Performance Satisfaction Model

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2. Content theories of motivation

Motivation is the driving force by which humans achieve their goals.

Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory

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Herzberg’s two-factor or Motivation hygiene theory

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Achievement motivation theory

Achievement motivation theory: is relation personal characteristics and background to a need for achievement and the associated competitive drive to meet standards of excellence.

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3. Process Theories of Motivation

Behavior Modification Theory:Reinforce the desired behavior: praise is much

more potent than criticism or even punishment.

Immediacy matters: feedback after the event is useful at a cognitive level, but from a behavioral point of view, the feedback (praise) has to be so close to the specific bit of behavior that there is no doubt as to what it applies to.

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3. Process Theories of Motivation

Expectancy Theory: states that, individuals make decisions, which they believe will lead to reward or reduce the likelihood of pain.

EFFORT

PERFORMANCE

OUTCOME (reward)

PERSONAL GOAL

Expectancy?Lead to

Instruments?Lead to

Valence?

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Expectancy Theory Formula: is comprised of three components: Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence.

M= E×I×VM=MotivationE=ExpectancyI=InstrumentalityV=Valence

3. Process Theories of Motivation

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Relation: Performance &Satisfaction

Performance

IntrinsicMotivation

ExtrinsicMotivation

Getting Feel to give equity value

Satisfaction

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4. Goal Setting Theory

Goal specificityGoal difficultyGoal FeedbackParticipation in goal settingCompetition

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5. Applications of work motivation

Money as motivator

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Intrinsic Rewards

5. Applications of work motivation