chapter 10 preparing and administering medications copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995,...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 10
Preparing and Administering Medications
Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995, 1991 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1
Learning Objectives
Compare dosage forms for drugs given by the enteral route
Outline procedures for giving medications enterally, parenterally, and percutaneously
List processes to prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other blood-borne pathogens
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Enteral Medications
Medications given directly into the GI tract Oral; Box 10-1 Oral Medication Forms Nasogastric or PEG Rectal
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Oral Administration
Asepsis Steps to administer: Procedure 10-1 Getting ready Preparing the medication Administering the medication
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Oral Administration (cont.)
Solid form Liquids
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Nasogastric Administration
Appropriate patients PEG tube Medication forms:
Liquids Pills: crushed, add water
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Procedure for Administering Nasogastric Medications
Aspirate stomach contents Listen for gurgling sounds in the stomach Listen for breath sounds Put medication into the tubing Instill medications via gravity Add water to tube following medication
administration
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Rectal Administration
Getting ready Preparing the medication Administering the medication Concluding
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Parenteral Medications
“Into the skin” Routes Reasons for parenteral administration
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Standard Precautions
Protect health care workers Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Sharps container for disposal of needles
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Parenteral Administration
“Into the skin” Routes for administration Parenteral rationale/Advantages Disadvantages Costs
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Basic Equipment
Syringes: Figure 10-2 Types of syringes: Figure 10-3 Volume of medication: mL or m
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Parts of a Syringe
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Needles
Needles: gauge Hub Specialized needles Guide for needle selection: Table 10-1 Needleless system: Figure 10-6
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Parts of the needle
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Needles: Gauges
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Question 1
The Z-track method is used to give medicines:
1. Orally.2. That should be absorbed slowly.3. That are irritating or may stain the skin.4. Rectally.
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Question 2
____________ are gelatin containers that hold powder or liquid medicine.
1. Capsules2. Elixirs3. Emulsions4. Suspensions
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Learning Objectives
Outline procedures for giving medications enterally, parenterally, and percutaneously
Identify anatomy landmarks used for giving parenteral medications
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Procedure for Preparing and Administering Parenteral Medications
Procedure for medication administration: Procedure 10-3
Determine site for administration Use of equipment Package Medication characteristics
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Forms of Parenteral Medications
Vials: Figure 10-7 Ampules: Figure 10-8 Mix-O-Vial: Figure 10-9 Single or Multidose vials
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Ampules
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Forms of Parenteral Medications (cont.)
Combining drugs in one syringe Mixing insulin Prefilled syringes IV solutions Secondary or “piggyback”
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Administering Intradermal Injections
Uses Skin anatomy and needle angle: Figure
10-12 Bleb Equipment and technique
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Intradermal Injections
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Administering Subcutaneous Medications
2 mL into the loose connective tissue Slow onset, longer duration Placement: Figure 10-14 Sites: Figure 10-15 Technique
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Subcutaneous Injections
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Administering Intramuscular Medications
Location Absorption Equipment Sites: Box 10-3 Technique
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Intramuscular Injections
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Question 3
The _____ muscle is a common injection site for adults, because it is _____.
1. deltoid; easily reached2. dorsogluteal; relatively free from nerves and
major blood vessels3. vastus lateralis; less painful4. ventrogluteal; near the abdomen
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Administering Intravenous Medications
Onset and absorption Dosing and scheduling considerations Equipment Sites: Figures 10-18 (adult) and 10-19
(children) Venipuncture and intravenous infusion Procedure 10-4
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Intravenous sites in adults
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Intravenous sites in children
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Modifications in Technique for Specific Situations
Adding medication by syringe to an infusion Adding medication to a plastic bag or an IV
bottle Adding medication to a volume control Adding medication by piggyback infusion Administration of medication when there is
only an intermittent infusion device
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Intravenous Infusion Rates
Monitoring infusion rates Calculating infusion rates Infusion pumps; syringe infusion pumps Infusion controllers and volumetric pumps Implantable pumps Venous access device Common problems with intravenous infusions
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Percutaneous Medications
Absorption: mucous membranes or the skin Absorption and application Inhalation
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Percutaneous Administration
Factors affecting transdermal application Skin condition Methods of administration
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Procedures for Administering Percutaneous Medications
Applied to the area requiring treatment Common Forms: Box 10-4
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Administering Topical Medications
Clean skin before application Gloves Lotions Ointments Excess medication Dressings Patient Education – Home Care
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