Chapter 10 Sect. 1I. European Immigration

A. Eastern and Southern Europe1. By 1900 over half of all immigrants2. 14 Million Immigrants between 1860-1900

B. Why they came1. Employment2. Avoid military service3. Religious Freedom4. Move up Social Ladder

C. The Trip to America1. Steerage2. Ellis Island3. Health Screening

D. Cities1. Ghettos-Neighborhoods separated by

ethnic group2. Same language, religion, etc.

E. Who adjusted best?1. Learned English quickly2. Those with marketable skills3. Those with money4. Those who settled in their own ethnic

group

II. Asian ImmigrantsA. China

1. Unemployment, Poverty and Famine2. Discovery of Gold in California3. Taiping Rebellion4. Demand for railroad workers

B. Chinese immigrants worked as 1. Laborers2. Servants3. Skilled Tradesmen4. Merchants5. Laundry Workers

C. Angel Island1. Sometimes waited for months to enter

country

III. NativismA. Preference for native-born people

1. Desired to limit immigration2. 1840’s-50’s Nativism directed towards

Irish3. 1900’s directed at Asians, Jews, and

Eastern EuropeansB. Anti-Immigrant Groups

1. American Protective Associationa. Anti-Catholic

2. Workingman’s Party of Californiaa. Anti-Chinese

C. Chinese Exclusion Act1. Banned Chinese immigration for 10

years2. Prevented the Chinese here from

becoming citizens.

Section 2I. Americans migrate to the City

A. Urban Population 1. 10 million in 18702. 30 million in 1900

B. Working conditions1. Long Hours2. Little Pay3. Standard of living still improved from

rural lifeC. Farmers moved to the city for

1. Better pay 2. Electricity3. Running Water 4. Plumbing5. Entertainment

II. New Urban EnvironmentA. Housing and Transportation needs changed

1. Housinga. Price of land increasedb. Built up instead of out-

Skyscrapers2. Transportation

a. Horsecarb. Electric trolleyc. Elevated Railroad

I. Separation by ClassA. Rich – Heart of the city in huge homesB. Middle Class – Out of the cityC. Working Class – Tenements – dark, crowded,

multi-family Apartments

IV. Urban ProblemsA. Increased urban population caused many

problems1. Crime2. Fire3. Disease4. Pollution

B. Natives blamed crime on the immigrantsC. Alcohol contributed to crime problemD. Contaminated drinking water

1. Typhoid Fever and Cholera outbreaksV. Urban Politics

A. Political Machines-Essentials for votesB. Party Bosses

1. George Plunket- Irish, NYC2. Corruption and graft

3. Tammany Halla. Tammany Hallb. William M. Tweed

4. Thomas and James Pendergast-KC

Section 3I. Changing Culture

A. Guilded Age – 1870-19001. Gold on the outside, cheaper on the inside2. Growth but corruption and poverty underneath

B. New way of looking at life1. new values2. new art3. new forms of entertainment

C. Individualism- anyone can rise in society1. Horatio Alger- Rags to Riches novels

II. Social DarwinismA. Herbert Spencer-society evolves through

competitionB. Laissez-FaireC. Opposed by many ChristiansD. Andrew Carnegie

1. Gospel of Wealth-The rich should give back

2. Philanthropy-using fortunes to furthers social progressIII. Popular Culture

A. More money and more leisure time1. Work and home were separated2. People wanted to go out and have fun

B. Saloons1. community and political centers2. free toilets, water for horses, free

newspapers, and free lunches

C. Coney Island1. one of the first amusement parks2. attracted working class families3. roller coasters, water slides, railroad

rides

D. Vaudeville1. Theater-variety shows2. animal acts, acrobats, gymnasts, and

dancers

E. Ragtime music1. Scott Joplin