Chapter 10Chapter 10

The Coming of the Civil WarThe Coming of the Civil War

1846-18611846-1861

Section One: Section One: Sectional Sectional DifferencesDifferences

SlaverySlaveryNorthNorth1.1. Most northerners believed that all humans should have the right Most northerners believed that all humans should have the right

to choose their own destiny and to follow God’s lawsto choose their own destiny and to follow God’s laws

2.2. Uncle TomUncle Tom’s ’s Cabin (Cabin (video)) written by Harriet Beecher Stowe was about slave life written by Harriet Beecher Stowe was about slave life

in the south. in the south. Portrayed evil, cruel slave master Simon Legree. Portrayed evil, cruel slave master Simon Legree. Stowe had never been to the south or on a plantation. Stowe had never been to the south or on a plantation. Northerners took this book as the truth and spurred Northerners took this book as the truth and spurred

the abolitionist movementthe abolitionist movement

Sectional DifferencesSectional DifferencesSlavery Cont.Slavery Cont.

SouthSouth

1.1. Many southerners were outraged by Many southerners were outraged by Stowe’s book, claiming it was a false Stowe’s book, claiming it was a false portrayal of southern slave holders portrayal of southern slave holders

2.2. Southerners argued that they took Southerners argued that they took better care of their slaves than the better care of their slaves than the northern industrialists owners did of northern industrialists owners did of their workerstheir workers

Sectional DifferencesSectional DifferencesTransportation & CommunicationTransportation & Communication

NorthNorth 70% of all railroad track by 186070% of all railroad track by 1860 Telegraph lines were strung along Telegraph lines were strung along

railroad tracks giving the north more railroad tracks giving the north more efficient communicationefficient communication

By 1860 – 110,000 factories, produced By 1860 – 110,000 factories, produced $1.6 billion worth of goods$1.6 billion worth of goods

Sectional DifferencesSectional DifferencesTransportation & CommunicationTransportation & Communication

SouthSouth Doubled and re-doubled the length of Doubled and re-doubled the length of

track in the 1850s but still less developed track in the 1850s but still less developed than norththan north

By 1860 – 20,000 factories, produced By 1860 – 20,000 factories, produced $155 million worth of goods$155 million worth of goods

Only stats higher than north – more Only stats higher than north – more slaves and produced more cottonslaves and produced more cotton

Section Two: The Mexican War Section Two: The Mexican War & Slavery Extension& Slavery Extension

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny – obvious or – obvious or undeniable fate. By 1840s this was used undeniable fate. By 1840s this was used to overspread and to possess the whole to overspread and to possess the whole continentcontinent

1845 – Texas was 1845 – Texas was AnnexedAnnexed by the by the United States United States

War with MexicoWar with Mexico

President Polk wanted to add Mexican President Polk wanted to add Mexican territory to the American southwest. He territory to the American southwest. He sent 3,000 American troops to disputed sent 3,000 American troops to disputed territory in Texas. Mexican troops territory in Texas. Mexican troops attacked the American troops giving the attacked the American troops giving the President and Congress the excuse to President and Congress the excuse to declare war on Mexico. Battles were declare war on Mexico. Battles were fought in Texas, California and in Mexico fought in Texas, California and in Mexico

Section TwoSection Two

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo –Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – signed in 1848 signed in 1848 after the American capture of Mexico City the after the American capture of Mexico City the defeat of Santa Anna’s troops. defeat of Santa Anna’s troops.

Mexico gave up claim on Texas and set Mexico gave up claim on Texas and set US/Mexico boundary as Rio Grande RiverUS/Mexico boundary as Rio Grande River

Mexico gave up claims on New Mexico and Mexico gave up claims on New Mexico and CaliforniaCalifornia

US paid Mexico $15 millionUS paid Mexico $15 million US agreed to pay claims to US citizens against US agreed to pay claims to US citizens against

Mexico ($3 million)Mexico ($3 million)

Section TwoSection Two

Gadsen Purchase – Gadsen Purchase – Purchase of present-day Purchase of present-day Arizona and New Mexico for $10 million from Arizona and New Mexico for $10 million from MexicoMexico

Question facing Congress – will slavery be Question facing Congress – will slavery be allowed in newly acquired territories? Decision allowed in newly acquired territories? Decision could sway the power in Congress to North or could sway the power in Congress to North or SouthSouth

Wilmot Proviso – Wilmot Proviso – amendment forbidding amendment forbidding slavery in newly acquired territories. slavery in newly acquired territories. Amendment didn’t pass Amendment didn’t pass

Section Three: New Political Section Three: New Political PartiesParties

What to do about the slavery issue in the What to do about the slavery issue in the new territories? new territories?

Missouri Compromise of 1820 – Missouri Compromise of 1820 – any any state north of 36state north of 36 30’ N latitude would be 30’ N latitude would be free states. Still didn’t settle the issue of free states. Still didn’t settle the issue of new territoriesnew territories

Section ThreeSection Three

1850 California requested statehood – slave or 1850 California requested statehood – slave or free?free?

Compromise of 1850-Proposed by Henry ClayCompromise of 1850-Proposed by Henry Clay California = free stateCalifornia = free state People in New Mexico and Utah would decide the People in New Mexico and Utah would decide the

slavery issue in those territoriesslavery issue in those territories abolish the sale of slaves, but not slavery in abolish the sale of slaves, but not slavery in

Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C. Implement Fugitive Slave Law – require all US Implement Fugitive Slave Law – require all US

citizens to assist in the return of slaves who had citizens to assist in the return of slaves who had escaped and deny a jury trial to escaped slavesescaped and deny a jury trial to escaped slaves

Section ThreeSection Three

John C. Calhoun, senator from South CarolinaJohn C. Calhoun, senator from South Carolina Vocally opposed this compromiseVocally opposed this compromise Worried that the North was gaining control of Worried that the North was gaining control of

the Government with it’s growing population the Government with it’s growing population and discriminating against the southand discriminating against the south

Believed the southern states had the right to Believed the southern states had the right to leave the Union if that were necessary for their leave the Union if that were necessary for their own protectionown protection

Section ThreeSection Three Compromise of 1850 satisfied neither Compromise of 1850 satisfied neither

sideside Fugitive Slave Act made matters worseFugitive Slave Act made matters worse

video

Section ThreeSection Three

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act Supported Supported Popular Sovereignty Popular Sovereignty (letting the (letting the

people of the territory decide whether they people of the territory decide whether they were to become free or slave statewere to become free or slave state

Creation of Republican PartyCreation of Republican Party Against extension of slavery, Kansas-Against extension of slavery, Kansas-

Nebraska Act, Fugitive Slave ActNebraska Act, Fugitive Slave Act

Section Four: The System FailsSection Four: The System Fails

““Bleeding Kansas” 1856 Bleeding Kansas” 1856 video Free-soilers and proslavery organizations Free-soilers and proslavery organizations

clashed over the issue of slavery in territoriesclashed over the issue of slavery in territories John Brown – believed he was chosen by God John Brown – believed he was chosen by God

to end slavery.to end slavery. Killed five men in a proslavery community Killed five men in a proslavery community

““Bleeding Sumner” – Rep. Sen. of Mass. spoke Bleeding Sumner” – Rep. Sen. of Mass. spoke in Congress condemning the proslavery in Congress condemning the proslavery violence, specifically against Sen. Andrew violence, specifically against Sen. Andrew Butler of South Carolina. Butler of South Carolina. Butler’s nephew responded by beating Sumner with Butler’s nephew responded by beating Sumner with

a cane at his Senate deska cane at his Senate desk

Section FourSection Four

Dred Scott v. SandfordDred Scott v. Sandford Dred Scott and his wife had lived in Dred Scott and his wife had lived in

states where slavery was illegal, states where slavery was illegal, therefore, they should be freetherefore, they should be free

U.S. Supreme Court decided against U.S. Supreme Court decided against ScottScott

Section FourSection FourDred Scot Decision cont.Dred Scot Decision cont.

In this ruling the Justices stated:In this ruling the Justices stated: that slaves were not citizens and had no that slaves were not citizens and had no

right to sue in courtright to sue in court Living in a free state or territory, even for Living in a free state or territory, even for

many years, did not free slavesmany years, did not free slaves Found Missouri Compromise Found Missouri Compromise

unconstitutionalunconstitutional Slaves were property of their owners and Slaves were property of their owners and

they could not be denied their property they could not be denied their property without due process of law according to the without due process of law according to the 55thth Amendment Amendment

Section FourSection FourLincoln-Douglas DebatesLincoln-Douglas Debates

Campaigning for Senator of IllinoisCampaigning for Senator of Illinois Stephen Douglas – “Little Giant”Stephen Douglas – “Little Giant”

Believed African Americans were inferior to Believed African Americans were inferior to white Americanswhite Americans

Believed that white Americans had the Believed that white Americans had the absolute right to choose society and absolute right to choose society and governmentgovernment

Supported Popular SovereigntySupported Popular Sovereignty

Section FourSection FourLincoln-Douglas Debates cont.Lincoln-Douglas Debates cont.

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln Self educated, grew up poor, self-taught Self educated, grew up poor, self-taught

lawyerlawyer Believed that the majority should not have Believed that the majority should not have

the power to deny the minority their rights to the power to deny the minority their rights to life, liberty and pursuit of happinesslife, liberty and pursuit of happiness

Debates centered around nation-wide Debates centered around nation-wide issues: Majority Rule, Minority Rightsissues: Majority Rule, Minority Rights

Section FourSection FourLincoln-Douglas Debates cont.Lincoln-Douglas Debates cont.

Lincoln gained a large following, but Douglas Lincoln gained a large following, but Douglas won the Senatorial seatwon the Senatorial seat

John Brown’s Raid John Brown’s Raid video 1859 attacked a federal 1859 attacked a federal arsenal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, at Harper’s Ferry,

VirginiaVirginia Hoped to seize the weapons and give them to Hoped to seize the weapons and give them to

enslaved people so they could rebelenslaved people so they could rebel Colonel Robert E. Lee and troops killed ½ of Colonel Robert E. Lee and troops killed ½ of

Brown’s menBrown’s men John Brown was sentenced to hangJohn Brown was sentenced to hang

Section 5Section 5 Election of 1860Election of 1860

Democratic party split on the issue of slavery Democratic party split on the issue of slavery in the territoriesin the territories

Candidates: Candidates: Southern Democrat – John C BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat – John C Breckinridge Northern Democrat – Stephen A DouglasNorthern Democrat – Stephen A Douglas Republican – Abraham LincolnRepublican – Abraham Lincoln Constitutional Union – John BellConstitutional Union – John Bell

Many southern ballots excluded A. LincolnMany southern ballots excluded A. Lincoln Election proved the split between North and Election proved the split between North and

South was beyond repairSouth was beyond repair

Lower South SecedesLower South Secedes

Lincoln wins election without any Lincoln wins election without any electoral votes from the southelectoral votes from the south

South felt they had lost their voice in South felt they had lost their voice in government. Felt that since they had government. Felt that since they had voluntarily joined the Union, they could voluntarily joined the Union, they could also choose to leave the Unionalso choose to leave the Union

Lower (deep) South – Tx, La, Miss, Al, Fl, Lower (deep) South – Tx, La, Miss, Al, Fl, Ga, SCGa, SC

Section 5 cont.Section 5 cont. December 20, 1860 SC officially leaves December 20, 1860 SC officially leaves

the Unionthe Union Six other states follow soon afterSix other states follow soon after Created new nation – Confederate States Created new nation – Confederate States

of America (Confederacy)of America (Confederacy) Jefferson Davis – President of Jefferson Davis – President of

ConfederacyConfederacy

War BeginsWar Begins Numerous compromises failNumerous compromises fail Can the south leave the Union? Will the Can the south leave the Union? Will the

new President use force? Slavery new President use force? Slavery question?question?

March 4, 1861 – Lincoln’s Inaugural March 4, 1861 – Lincoln’s Inaugural Address – stated that it was his job to Address – stated that it was his job to preserve, protect and defend the Unionpreserve, protect and defend the Union

Fort SumterFort Sumter Federal fort in South Carolina harborFederal fort in South Carolina harbor Union ship sent to re-supply the fortUnion ship sent to re-supply the fort Confederate soldiers under the command Confederate soldiers under the command

of P.G.T. Beauregard fired upon the fort of P.G.T. Beauregard fired upon the fort demanding surrenderdemanding surrender

April 12, 1861 April 12, 1861 Confederates opened fire Confederates opened fire on the forton the fort

Fort Sumter surrenders 34 hours laterFort Sumter surrenders 34 hours later videovideo

Upper South SecedesUpper South Secedes

Lincoln had no choice but to defend the Lincoln had no choice but to defend the Union after shots were fired and asked Union after shots were fired and asked for volunteers to fight the seceding statesfor volunteers to fight the seceding states

Upper South secedes – Va, NC, Tn, ArUpper South secedes – Va, NC, Tn, Ar

Division between North and South could Division between North and South could not be solved peacefullynot be solved peacefully

Could the Union be restored by force?Could the Union be restored by force?