Chapter 11 - Chapter 11 - Politics in Politics in

ActionActionCampaigning and Voting in AmericaCampaigning and Voting in America

Ms. Suzie NesticoMs. Suzie NesticoGrade 12 – Principles of DemocracyGrade 12 – Principles of Democracy

Section OneSection OneI. Ways of NominatingI. Ways of Nominating

A. National ConventionA. National Convention

B. Direct Primary ElectionsB. Direct Primary Elections

C. Nominating PetitionC. Nominating Petition

D. CaucusD. Caucus

I. Nominating I. Nominating CandidatesCandidates

A. A. National ConventionNational Convention

(Presidential Elections Only)(Presidential Elections Only)

1. Held every four years1. Held every four years

2. Nominates presidential candidate2. Nominates presidential candidate

3. Nominates VP candidate3. Nominates VP candidate

4. Develops the party’s platform4. Develops the party’s platform

B. B. Direct Primary ElectionsDirect Primary Elections

(most other elections)(most other elections)

1. 1. Open PrimaryOpen Primary - voters may vote for any party’s - voters may vote for any party’s

candidatecandidate

2. 2. Closed PrimaryClosed Primary - voters may only vote for - voters may only vote for candidates candidates

within their registered party.within their registered party.

3. Caucus3. Caucus

--Iowa Caucuses--Iowa Caucuses

C. C. Nominating PetitionNominating Petition

1. Used primarily at the local level1. Used primarily at the local level

**Robert Belfanti - PA State **Robert Belfanti - PA State RepresentativeRepresentative

2. Candidate circulates petitions 2. Candidate circulates petitions obtaining obtaining voter signatures to be voter signatures to be put on the election ballotput on the election ballot

D. CaucusD. Caucus

1. Old caucuses vs. today’s caucus1. Old caucuses vs. today’s caucus

2. Andrew Jackson - elections of 1824 2. Andrew Jackson - elections of 1824 and 1828and 1828

Section TwoSection TwoII. National Convention BusinessII. National Convention Business

A. Keynote Speech - Day 1A. Keynote Speech - Day 1

B. Committee Reports - Day 2B. Committee Reports - Day 2

C. Nominee is Chosen - Day 3C. Nominee is Chosen - Day 3

D. Balance the Ticket - Day 3D. Balance the Ticket - Day 3

E. VP nominee Chosen - Day 4E. VP nominee Chosen - Day 4

F. Acceptance Speeches - Day 4F. Acceptance Speeches - Day 4

A. A. Keynote SpeechKeynote Speech - Day One - Day One

**person chosen provides a speech intended to **person chosen provides a speech intended to

rally and increase the ‘hype’ of the conventionrally and increase the ‘hype’ of the convention

-Who gave Democratic and Republican Speeches in -Who gave Democratic and Republican Speeches in

2008 Campaign?2008 Campaign?

B. B. Committee ReportsCommittee Reports - Day Two - Day Two

1. Credentials Committee - examines qualified 1. Credentials Committee - examines qualified

delegatesdelegates from each state from each state

2. Platform Committee - presents the direction of the 2. Platform Committee - presents the direction of the

party’s overall platform in the upcoming electionparty’s overall platform in the upcoming election..

C.C. Nominee is chosenNominee is chosen - Day Three - Day Three

1. State delegates vote on the nominees 1. State delegates vote on the nominees

presented by the states for the party’s presented by the states for the party’s

presidential nominee for general electionpresidential nominee for general election

-”State delegates” is comparable to what voting body in -”State delegates” is comparable to what voting body in

the general election in the fall?the general election in the fall?

D.D. Balance the TicketBalance the Ticket - Day Three - Day Three

1. Nominations are taken for VP candidate1. Nominations are taken for VP candidate

2. Usually chose someone slightly different with 2. Usually chose someone slightly different with

alternate characteristics and beliefs to appeal to a alternate characteristics and beliefs to appeal to a

greater number of voters.greater number of voters.

-What will be the implications of this in Decision ‘08?-What will be the implications of this in Decision ‘08?

E.E. VP Nominee is Officially ChosenVP Nominee is Officially Chosen - Day Four - Day Four

1. Delegates vote on Vice Presidential 1. Delegates vote on Vice Presidential Nominee for their party.Nominee for their party.

F.F. Acceptance Speeches & CloseAcceptance Speeches & Close - Day Four - Day Four

1. All Nominees deliver acceptance 1. All Nominees deliver acceptance speechesspeeches

2. Close of party business and plans to 2. Close of party business and plans to move on with heart of campaignmove on with heart of campaign

Section ThreeSection ThreePlanning the CampaignPlanning the Campaign

““I made the canvass on my own horse; my I made the canvass on my own horse; my entertainment, being at the houses of my entertainment, being at the houses of my friends, cost me nothing; and my only outlay friends, cost me nothing; and my only outlay was $.75 for a barrel of cider, which some was $.75 for a barrel of cider, which some farm-hands insisted I treat them to.”farm-hands insisted I treat them to.”

-- Abe Lincoln describing his -- Abe Lincoln describing his 1846 run 1846 run

for Congressfor Congress

Planning the CampaignPlanning the Campaign

Campaign Organizations:Campaign Organizations: Campaign ManagerCampaign Manager TreasurerTreasurer Press SecretaryPress Secretary Media ConsultantMedia Consultant Speech WritersSpeech Writers Policy AdvisorsPolicy Advisors FundraisersFundraisers

Campaign PlanningCampaign Planning

Information Gathering Information Gathering

Finding the VotersFinding the Voters canvassingcanvassing

Mass Media CoverageMass Media Coverage endorsementendorsement

Presidential Debates (televised)Presidential Debates (televised)

Financing the Financing the CampaignCampaign

1976 – approx. $456 Million spent on 1976 – approx. $456 Million spent on Federal CampaigningFederal Campaigning

1988 – 1992 – over $3 Billion spent1988 – 1992 – over $3 Billion spent

Financing the Financing the CampaignCampaign

Sources:Sources: Individual candidates themselves (Kennedy, Individual candidates themselves (Kennedy,

Bush, Kerry, Clinton)Bush, Kerry, Clinton)

Other Individual ContributionsOther Individual Contributions Limited by a series of Federal Regulatory Acts in Limited by a series of Federal Regulatory Acts in

the ‘70’sthe ‘70’s Limits individual contributions to $1,000Limits individual contributions to $1,000

Campaign FinancingCampaign Financing

Sources (con’t.)Sources (con’t.) PAC’s – Political Action CommitteesPAC’s – Political Action Committees

Organizations created by interest groups to Organizations created by interest groups to channel money to political candidateschannel money to political candidates

PAC contributions limited to $5,000 H0WEVER PAC contributions limited to $5,000 H0WEVER there is no limit to how much money a PAC can there is no limit to how much money a PAC can spend on supporting a candidate’s campaignspend on supporting a candidate’s campaign

Section FourSection FourFair ElectionsFair Elections

Ending Discriminatory LawsEnding Discriminatory Laws Poll taxesPoll taxes Literacy testsLiteracy tests Grandfather clauseGrandfather clause

Fair ElectionsFair Elections

2626thth Amendment – extends voting rights to Amendment – extends voting rights to 18 yr olds18 yr olds

Australian ballot – “secret ballot”Australian ballot – “secret ballot”

Poll watchersPoll watchers

Section FiveSection FiveVoting BehaviorVoting Behavior

Who votes?Who votes?

Socioeconomic Status Socioeconomic Status – refers to a – refers to a combination of an individual’s combination of an individual’s social social characteristics, such as age and education, characteristics, such as age and education, and and economiceconomic status, such as occupation status, such as occupation and incomeand income