CHAPTER 11 AND 12 TEACHER NOTES

VOCABULARY TERMS Antebellum Emancipate Yeomen Farmers Sectionalism Tariff Sovereign States’ Rights Nullification Secession Abolitionist Interdependent Popular Sovereignty

I. THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY

I. Issue of slavery Antebellum – refers to the time period

before the Civil War. Books that help portray life in the Antebellum

period: Gone With the Wind – Margaret Mitchell Uncle Ramus and Brer Rabbit – Joel Chandler

Harris

I. Issue of slavery King Cotton – the

idea that cotton controlled every aspect of Southern Life during the Antebellum period. Cotton Ruled the South.

I. Issue of Slavery Piedmont – most of

Georgia’s cotton was produced in the Piedmont region.

I. Issue of Slavery Life on a Plantation

Planters – people who owned the farm.

Overseers – People put in charge of the plantation in place of the planter.

Driver – a loyal slave who keeps other slaves in line.

Slaves – people who do most of the manual labor.

I. Issue of Slavery Southern Social Class

Planters – owned plantations and multiple slaves. Controlled society.

Yeomen Farmers – Owned less than 100 acres. Few or no slaves.

Poor Whites – owned little land.

Slaves – worked in the service of others

Slaves and Poor Whites

Yeomen Farmers

Planters

II. ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS

II. Economic considerations SECTIONALISM –

the belief that the way of life in your region of the country is better or more important than in other parts of the country.

II. Economic considerations

SOUTH NORTH Relied on Agriculture.

Most people worked

long hours on farms. This included poor whites and slaves.

Relied on industry such as factories, mines, banks, and railroads.

Most people worked long hours for little pay

II. Economic considerations

Tariff – a tax on imported items. Northerners –

supported tariffs Southerners –

opposed tariffs This is because

Southerners would be forced to buy items from the North.

II. Economic Considerations

Nullification – Southerners believed that every state was SOVEREIGN and that STATES’ RIGHTS were important so they tried to NULLIFY laws that required them to pay tariffs.

Many discussed SECESSION

III. POLITICS AND SECTIONALISM

III. Politics and Sectionalism

BALANCE OF POWERS:There was an equal number of slaves states and free states. This prevented any laws dealing with slavery from passing.

But how do we admit new states?

III. Politics and sectionalism

Missouri Compromise – states must enter the Union in pairs.

Missouri entered the Union as a slave state

Maine entered the Union as a free state.

III. Politics and sectionalism

Compromise of 1850 Gold discovered in

California. California enters

the Union as a free state.

Texas enters the Union as a slave state.

III. Politics and Sectionalism

Kansas-Nebraska Act Created Kansas and

Nebraska Decided to use

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY. People in each state voted on the slavery issue.

Bleeding Kansas – people from North and South moved to Kansas and fought over slavery.

III. Politics and Sectionalism

Georgia Platform The General

Assembly issued a statement saying that they put the “ideas” of the Constitution above the well-being of the whole country.

III. Politics and Sectionism Dred Scott Decision

Dred Scott was a slave who sued his master to keep his freedom.

Supreme Court said slaves are property and have no right to sue. Dred Scott stayed a slave.

IV. ABOLITIONISTS

IV. Abolitionists Famous Abolitionists Harriet Beecher Stowe

– wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Frederick Douglas – wrote an autobiography and edited The North Star

Sojourner Truth – fought for women’s rights and slaves rights.