chapter 11: biological membranes and transport
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Chapter 11: Biological Membranes and Transport. Membranes are much more than just phospholipid. Lipid aggregates. Biological membrane composition. Membrane integral proteins. Computer algorithms are fairly descent at predicting the TM regions within membrane integral protein sequences. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 11: Biological Membranes and Transport
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Membranes are much more than just phospholipid
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Lipid aggregates
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Biological membrane composition
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Membrane integral proteins
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Computer algorithms are fairly descent at predicting the TM regions within membrane integral protein sequences
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Membrane integral proteins
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Fluid mosaic model
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Fluid mosaic model
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Biological transport via vesicle-membrane fusion
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Kinetics vs. thermodynamics of transport
Ionophore = chemistry’s Trojan horse.
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Diffusion = high to low concentration!
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Other types of biological transport
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The 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry“for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes”
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The potassium channel is an ingenious solution to selectively allowing for potassium, but not sodium
transport
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7TMs = GPCRs
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Beta-barrel proteins
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Three general classes of transport systems
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The neurotransmitter/sodium symporter protein family
Yamashita et al., Nature 437, 215-223, 2005.
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Phylogenomics of the NSS protein family
Livesay et al., BMC Bioinformatics 8, 397, 2007.
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outward open -> occluded -> inward openThis scheme is fairly common
Model of glucose transport into erythrocytes by GluT
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Active transport uses ATP hydrolysisto go against the concentration gradient
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Oxidative phosphorylation synthesizes ATP, which is driven by the flux of H+ with the concentration gradient
ATPase
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The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and the bacterial periplasmic binding proteins (bPBPs)
bPBP
ATP-binding domains
Transmembrane domains
Substrate
-- Extracellular --
-- Periplasm --
-- Cytosol --bPBP