Chapter 11Chapter 11Exercise PhysiologyExercise Physiology

Jeffry Mathis &

Minerva Duke

04/21/23chapter 71

Students Learning OutcomesStudents Learning Outcomes

Discover the key features of the sub discipline of exercise physiology and the employment opportunities available to exercise science professionals.

Review the history and development of exercise physiology

04/21/23chapter 72

Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes

Examine how the body responds to physical activity and how these changes relate to physical performance and health.

04/21/23chapter 73

Job OpportunitiesJob Opportunities

Settings:– Fitness/Wellness center– Hospital– Corporation– Academic– Research laboratory

Job OpportunitiesJob Opportunities

Jobs:– Exercise instructor

– Personal trainer

– Strength and conditioning coach

– Teacher

– Cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation

– Clinical Exercise physiologist

– Military and NASA research

HistoryHistory

August Krohg – U. of Copenhagen (1920)A.V. Hill – University College, London

(1921)

HistoryHistory

Peter Karpovich – Springfield College

The Nitty-GrittyThe Nitty-Gritty

Muscle Fiber Types

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uru1vZ7POU

EnergyEnergy

Adenosine triphosphatehttp://youtube.com/watch?v=bbtqF9q_pF

w

Energy SystemsEnergy Systems

Important note:It is not ever a matter of which system is

working, but which system is predominating.

Energy SystemsEnergy Systems

ATP-pc System– 10-15 seconds– ADP-P -> ADP+Phosphocreatine

Anaerobic Glycolytic System– Glycogen -> Glucose -> ATP– 1-2 minutes– Lactic Acid “waste” (more about this later)

Aerobic System– Glycogen and triglyceride breakdown– Prolonged energy system

Energy SystemsEnergy Systems

Aerobic System

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKVvye0nftM

SoSo……Lactic AcidLactic Acid

Baaaaaaaaaaaaad.Don’t be a sheep!

Lactic AcidLactic Acid

The old thinking:

Why Do We Resistance Train?Why Do We Resistance Train?

What are the goals of people who train with weights?

04/21/23chapter 715

Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF68qhyfcoM&feature=related

Cardiorespiratory PhysiologyCardiorespiratory Physiology

BENEFITSBENEFITS

Continue the BenefitsContinue the Benefits

Continue the BenefitsContinue the Benefits

Tests to Estimate VO2 maxTests to Estimate VO2 max

1.5 –Mile Run Test - 12 Minute Swim 1.0 Mile Walk Test - 12 Minute Cooper Step Test

Why Do We Resistance Train?Why Do We Resistance Train?

What are the goals of people who train with weights?

Muscular StrengthMuscular Strength

What is it?Why do we need it?

04/21/23chapter 723

Muscular EnduranceMuscular Endurance

What is it?Why do we need it?

04/21/23chapter 724

Training and MetabolismTraining and Metabolism

What is Hypertrophy?

Atrophy?

Tom Venuto (2006)

04/21/23chapter 725

Training and MetabolismTraining and Metabolism

• Anabolism

• Catabolism• http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIW5SPY-vwI

Ronnie Coleman (2005)

04/21/23chapter 726

Training and MetabolismTraining and Metabolism

Muscle uses energy even at rest.

–How much?

04/21/23chapter 727

Muscular Strength may be the most Muscular Strength may be the most important health-related component important health-related component of physical fitness in the of physical fitness in the

Older AdultWhy?

04/21/23chapter 728

Muscular Strength may be the most Muscular Strength may be the most important health-related component of important health-related component of physical fitness in the older adultphysical fitness in the older adult

04/21/23chapter 729

Muscular Strength may be the most Muscular Strength may be the most important health-related component of important health-related component of physical fitness in the older adultphysical fitness in the older adult

Muscle atrophy does result from aging

04/21/23chapter 730

Muscular Strength may be the most Muscular Strength may be the most important health-related component of important health-related component of physical fitness in the older adultphysical fitness in the older adult

Framingham Study (Jett, A.M. & Branch, L.G., 1981)

– Women40% Aged 55-6445% Aged 65-7465% Aged 75-84

– Can’t do what?

04/21/23chapter 731

What Factors Affect Muscular What Factors Affect Muscular Adaptation? Adaptation?

Overload Principle http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=DRuUuYVxB7k&feature=related

Specificity of Training

04/21/23chapter 732

Specificity of TrainingSpecificity of Training

Adaptations are specific

How we train is how we perform

Range of Motion (ROM)

04/21/23chapter 733

How are strength gains How are strength gains achieved?achieved?

Neural adaptationHypertrophy

04/21/23chapter 734

How are strength gains How are strength gains achieved?achieved?

Neural adaptation

04/21/23chapter 735

How are strength gains How are strength gains achieved?achieved?

Muscle size

04/21/23chapter 736

Principles of strength trainingPrinciples of strength training

Isometric Training Isotonic Training Dynamic

Principles of strength Principles of strength trainingtraining

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4qCaiaFwtL0

04/21/23chapter 738

Isokinetic – Variable ResistanceIsokinetic – Variable Resistance

Machines Westside Barbell

– Louis Simmons

04/21/23chapter 739

Isokinetic – Variable ResistanceIsokinetic – Variable Resistance

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hF1wNq-A5hc&feature=related

04/21/23chapter 740

NutritionNutrition

“Carb loading”– Greater than 2 hours– Less than 1 hour

NutritionNutrition

Fat Burning ZoneFat Burning Zone

Dr. Victor ConvertinoDr. Victor Convertino

SJSU! GO Spartans!

MetabolismMetabolism

The chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life.

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qn6bIBf_g44&playnext=1&list=PLF5E5EC931C112C1C&feature=results_video

Slow Metabolism/GeneticsSlow Metabolism/Genetics