chapter 11 growth i. introduction a. growth defined 1. increase in mass due to the division and...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 11Growth
I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of
cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate growth b. Indeterminate growth 3. Differentiation of cells
B. Development Defined • the process of growth and differentiation of cells into tissues,
organs, and organisms
![Page 2: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
II. Plant Hormones A. Auxins 1. Early experiments by Darwin 2. Discovery of auxin by Frits Went (1926) 3. Characteristics of auxins
a. Sites of production 1) Apical meristems 2) Buds 3) Young leaves 4) Other active young plant parts
b. Polar movement • flow of auxins away from their source of synthesis
![Page 3: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4. Naturally occurring auxins a. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) b. Phenylacetic acid (PAA) c. 4-chloro-indoleacetic acid (4-chloro-IAA)
5. Synthetic auxins and their uses a. Fruit retention b. Herbicides (2,4-D) • Agent Orange
![Page 5: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
B. Gibberellins
1. Discovery of "foolish seedling" disease
2. Effects of gibberellins
a. Increase stem growth
b. Breaking of dormancy of buds and seeds
![Page 7: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
C. Cytokinins
1. Discovery of enhancement of cell division
2. Stimulants to cell division called "cytokinins"
3. Found in meristems and developing tissues, e.g., young fruit
4. Effects of cytokinins
a. Enlarging of cells b. Differentiation of tissues c. Development of chloroplasts d. Stimulation of cotyledon growth e. Delay of aging in leaves
![Page 8: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
D. Abscisic Acid (ABA)
1. Discovery (1963)
2. Location in the plant
a. Synthesized in plastids from carotenoid pigments b. Common in fleshy fruits 1) Prevents seeds from germinating while still on the
plant 2) ABA inhibits cell growth
3. Other effects of ABA
a. Induces bud dormancy b. Regulates stomatal opening
![Page 9: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
E. Ethylene
1. Discovery (1934)
2. Produced by fruits, flowers, seeds, leaves, roots
3. Hastens ripening of fruits
![Page 10: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
F. Other Hormones or Related Compounds
1. Oligosaccharins a. Influence cell differentiation, reproduction and growth b. Released from cell walls
2. Brassosteroids a. Have gibberellinlike effect on stem elongation b. Found in legumes and several other plants
3. Batasins a. Promote dormancy in bulbils b. Produced in axillary buds of lilies
![Page 11: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
III. Hormonal Interactions
A. Apical Dominance 1. Defined • suppression of the growth of lateral or axillary buds
2. Auxin and/or cytokinin mediated
B. Senescence 1. Defined • breakdown of cell components and membranes that leads
to cell death
2. Why do plant parts senesce?
C. Other Interactions
![Page 12: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
IV. Plant Movements
A. Growth Movements
1. Movements resulting primarily from internal stimuli a. Helical (Spiraling) movements b. Nodding movements c. Twining movements d. Contractile movements e. Nastic movements
2. Movements resulting from external stimuli a. Phototropism b. Gravitropism c. Other tropisms
![Page 13: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
B. Turgor Movements
1. "Sleep" movements (Circadian Rhythms)
2. Water conservation movements
3. Contact movements
![Page 16: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
C. Taxes (Taxic Movements)
1. Defined a. Type of movement that involves either the entire plant or
its reproductive cells b. Does not occur in flowering plants
2. Types a. Chemotaxis b. Phototaxis
D. Miscellaneous Movements
1. Gliding movements
2. Dehydration movements
3. Explosive movements
![Page 20: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
V. Photoperiodism
A. Discovery
B. Critical Day-length
1. Short-day plants
2. Long-day plants
3. Intermediate-day plants
4. Day-neutral plants
![Page 21: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
VI. Phytochrome
A. Characteristics and Location in Plant
B. Phytochrome Interconversions
• Pred (Pr) and Pfar-red (Pfr)
C. Functions of Phytochrome
![Page 22: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
VII. A Flowering Hormone?
A. Defined
• hypothetical hormone that induces flowering in plants
B. Chailakhyan's Experiments with Flowering
![Page 24: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
VIII. Temperature and Growth
A. Optimum Temperature
B. Thermoperiodism
![Page 26: Chapter 11 Growth I. Introduction A. Growth Defined 1. Increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells 2. Types of growth in plants a. Determinate](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e495503460f94b3cc48/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
IX. Dormancy and Quiescence
A. Definition of Terms
1. Dormancy
2. Quiescence
B. Breaking of Dormancy
1. After-ripening
2. Stratification