Chapter 11Personal Healthand ConsumerChoices

Lesson 1Healthy Teeth, Skin, Hair,and Nails

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fluoride A chemical that helps prevent tooth decay

A thin, sticky film that builds up on teeth and leads to tooth decay

plaque

Hardened plaque that hurts gum health tartar

Tiny openings in the skin that allow perspiration to escape

pores

dermis The skin’s inner layer

The outermost layer of skin epidermis

Small sacs in the dermis from which hair grows hair follicles

ultraviolet(UV) rays

An invisible form of radiation that can enter the skin cells and change their structure

The substance that gives skin its color melanin

A skin condition caused by active oil glands that clog hair follicles

acne

A condition that results when too many dead skin cells flake off the outer layer of the scalp

dandruff

In this lesson, you will be able to

explain how to keep your teeth and gums healthy.

describe ways to clean and protect your skin.

identify how to care for your hair and nails.

Organizing Information

As you read this lesson, write

down the functions of each

body part discussed.

Body Part

Function

Healthy Teeth

You need teeth and gums for the following reasons:

To chew your food so you can easily digest it.

To speak clearly.

To have a great looking smile.

Healthy Teeth

Each tooth has a root thatgoes into the jawbone.

Each tooth has a root thatgoes into the jawbone.

Roots are surrounded bypink flesh called gums.

Roots are surrounded bypink flesh called gums.

The top part of the tooth isthe crown, which is covered with

a layer with a hard, glossy, white enamel.

The top part of the tooth isthe crown, which is covered with

a layer with a hard, glossy, white enamel.

Healthy Teeth

To help keep your teeth and gums healthy:

Eat fruits, vegetables, and calcium-rich foods such as milk and yogurt.

Limit sugary foods and soft drinks.

Brush and floss often.

Tooth Care

Brush after every meal (or at least twice a day)Brush after every meal (or at least twice a day)

Brush your teeth with toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush.Brush your teeth with toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush.

Rinse your mouth with warm water or with mouthwash.Rinse your mouth with warm water or with mouthwash.

Use toothpaste or mouthwash that contains fluoride.Use toothpaste or mouthwash that contains fluoride.

fluoride A chemical that helps prevent tooth decay

Tooth Decay

Plaque causes tartar.

plaque A thin, sticky film that builds up on teeth and leads to tooth decay

tartar Hardened plaque that hurts gum health

Brush the outer surfaces of your upper and lower teeth. Use a combination of up and down strokes and small circular or side-to side strokes.

Thoroughly brush all chewing surfaces with a soft-bristle brush to protect your gums.

Brush the inside surfaces of your upper and lower teeth.

Brush your tongue and rinse your mouth.

How to Brush

Take about 18 inches of floss and wrap each end around the middle finger of each hand.

Grip the floss firmly between your thumb and forefinger.

Slide the floss back and forth between teeth toward the gum line until it touches the gum line.

Curve the floss in a C shape around the sides of each tooth. Keep sliding the floss back and forth gently as you move it up and down. Do the same for all your teeth, using a clean section of floss for each tooth. Then rinse.

How to Floss

Healthy Skin

You body’s largest is organ is your skin.

Skin gives you a sense of touch and of temperature.Skin gives you a sense of touch and of temperature.

Skin is your first line of defense against infection.Skin is your first line of defense against infection.

Skin gets rid of water and salts through perspiration.Skin gets rid of water and salts through perspiration.

Blood vessels in your skin allow your body to control its temperature.Blood vessels in your skin allow your body to control its temperature.

Skin uses energy from sunlight to make vitamin D.Skin uses energy from sunlight to make vitamin D.

Healthy Skin

Parts of the skin include:

Pores

The dermis

pores Tiny openings in the skin that allow perspiration to escape

dermis The skin’s inner layer

Healthy Skin

Parts of the skin include:

Epidermis

Hair Follicles

epidermis The outermost layer of skin

hair follicles Small sacs in the dermis from which hair grows

Healthy Skin

Parts of the skin include:

Oil gland

Sweat gland

Blood vessel

Nerve ending

Subcutaneous layer

Healthy Skin

Skin Care

Take a bath orshower every day.

Take a bath orshower every day.

Moisturize dryskin with lotion.Moisturize dry

skin with lotion.Limit time spent

in the sun.Limit time spent

in the sun.Avoid tattoosand piercing.Avoid tattoosand piercing.

Sun Damage

Sun burn happens when ultraviolet (UV) rays damage skin cells.

ultraviolet (UV) rays An invisible form of radiation that can enter skin cells and change their structure

UV rays wrinkle your skin and, over time, put you at risk for developing skin cancer.

Sun Damage

Melanin can block some, but not all, UV rays from reaching the lower layers of skin.

melanin The substance that gives skin its color

Tanning beds also give off UV rays and can damage the skin, which can lead to skin cancer.

Sun Damage

Acne

Acne is a problem experienced by many teens and some adults.

acne A skin condition caused by active oil glands that clog hair follicles

If you get acne, don’t pick at it or try to pop the clogged pores.

Acne

Healthy Hair and Hair Care

Hair grows from hair follicles in the scalp.

The scalp is the skin beneath the hair on your head.

Your hair contains a protein called keratin, which gives your hair strength and allows it to bend without breaking.

Healthy Hair and Hair Care

Brushing your hair daily removes dirt from your hairs and scalp and spreads oils throughout your hair.

Wash your hair with shampoo to clean away dirt and extra oil.

Hair and Scalp Problems

Two common hair and scalp problems are:

Dandruff

Head lice

dandruff A condition that results when too many dead skin cells flake off the outer layer of the scalp

Hair and Scalp Problems

Nails protect your sensitive fingertips and the tips of your toes.

Wash your nails and hands regularly.Wash your nails and hands regularly.

Use hand lotion to keep nails and skin moist.Use hand lotion to keep nails and skin moist.

Clip your nails to keep them trim and neat.Clip your nails to keep them trim and neat.

Use a nail file to smooth any rough edges on your nails.Use a nail file to smooth any rough edges on your nails.

Don’t bite, tear, or pick at your nails.Don’t bite, tear, or pick at your nails.

Hair and Scalp Problems

Cuticles are thin layers of skin-like tissue at the base of each nail.

Protect your cuticles by wearing gloves if you handle strong chemicals or use your hands for rough work.

What I Learned

Describe Name two healthful behaviors that keep yourteeth and gums healthy.

Lesson 1 Review

What I Learned

Give Examples Describe three functions of the skin.

Lesson 1 Review

What I Learned

Vocabulary Define dandruff. Describe how to treat it.

Lesson 1 Review

What I Learned

Identify What are ultraviolet rays?

Lesson 1 Review

Thinking Critically

Analyze How can the foods you eat affect the healthof your teeth and gums?

Lesson 1 Review

Thinking Critically

Apply Rico will be helping his father build a fence thisweekend. How can he protect his nails and skin whiledoing the rough work outside?

Lesson 1 Review

Chapter 11Personal Healthand ConsumerChoicesLesson 1Healthy Teeth, Skin, Hair,and Nails

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