chapter 11 resources and energy. a resource is any useful information, material or services....
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 11
Resources and Energy
A resource is any useful information, material or services.
Resources can be described as being:
• natural resources -goods and services provided by our environment, and
• human resources - those provided by humans (experience, skill, wisdom and human enterprise).
Nonrenewable resources (exhaustible resources)
• Resources that exist in limited supply and which cannot be replaced once they are used. (May take thousands or even millions of years to form within the Earth).
Examples include
• fossil fuels and natural gas,
• precious metals (gold, silver etc..)
Most natural resources on Earth are finite. That is there is only so much of a resource available on this planet. This applies to both renewable and nonrenewable resources.
• 4 trillion barrels of oil,
• 10-50 million species of living organisms
• 38,874 cubic kilometers of fresh water,
• 6 billion humans.
Because many of the resources that we rely on are finite their availability can be greatly impacted by 3 human factors:
• populationpopulation
• affluence, and affluence, and
• technologytechnology
Population (P) - The number of humans living on Earth using resources.
Affluence (A) - The amount of a resource consumed by an individual (per capita use).
The United States has -
• 5% of the world’s population; • uses 25% of the world’s energy;
and• accounts for 25% of the world’s
Gross National Product.
India has -
• 16% of the world’s population;• uses 3% of the world’s energy;
and• accounts for 1% of the world’s
Gross National Product.
Technology (T) - Affects the rate at which a resource is extracted/used.
The Impact on a resource can therefore be calculated by using the formula I=(P)(A)(T).
I= ImpactP=PopulationA=AffluenceT=Technology
Renewable ResourcesThese resources are self renewing, and can usually
be replaced on a human time-scale.
Examples?• solar energy• air,• water (excluding aquifer water
supplies), &• non-endangered biological
organisms..
Formation of Ores
• Most metallic and non metallic elements are found chemically combined forms as minerals in the crust.
• Deposits of minerals from which metals and nonmetals can be removed profitably are called ores.
• Many ores form in or near a mass of molten magma, so igneous and nearby rocks are often fruitful hunting grounds.
Metals
• Shiny luster, ability to conduct heat and electricity, bend easily when in thin sheets. Can occur in pure form as native elements (copper a good example).
Non-metals
• Dull surface, poor conductors of heat and electricity.
In Cooling Magma
• Dense, metal-bearing minerals form layers on the bottom of the magma chamber.
Contact Metamorphism
• Heat and hot fluids flowing from the magma change the surrounding rock. Dissolved minerals form a band of ore around the igneous rock.
Veins• Hot, mineral-bearing solutions break
through many small cracks that deposit narrow, finger-like bands.
Lodes
• A deposit formed by a large number of mineral veins.
Ores and Moving Water
• Streams carry ore fragments until, due to their high density, they are deposited where the currents are weak.
Placer Deposits
• These deposits are concentrated at the bottom of stream beds.
Uses of mineral resources
• Some metallic ores such as gold, platinum and silver are prized for their beauty and rarity.
• Some nonmetallic minerals are gemstones; rare mineral crystals that display extraordinary brilliance and color when specially cut for jewelry.
• Other minerals are used for many other industrial purposes.
Uses of Mineral Resources• See table on p. 197 for
the most common ores and their uses.
• Untapped mineral resources include deposits that could be mined from the ocean floor, but we currently don’t have the technology to do it.
Manganese nodules on ocean floor
Mineral Conservation
• Increased PAT (population, affluence, and technology) means increased use of mineral resources.
Ways to Preserve Mineral Resources
• Through conservation, use of alternative materials, or by recycling.
Assignment
11.1 Key Terms11.1 Review
p. 197, #1-411.1 Worksheet
Due tomorrow, beginning of period.