chapter 11 – sect. 11-3 to 11-5 hazards and risk assessment
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 11 – Chapter 11 – Sect. 11-3 to 11-5Sect. 11-3 to 11-5
Hazards and Risk AssessmentHazards and Risk Assessment
OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES: Assess the types and effects of chemical Assess the types and effects of chemical
and biological hazards.and biological hazards. Describe risk assessment.Describe risk assessment.
RISKS AND HAZARDSRISKS AND HAZARDS
Risk is. . .Risk is. . . We can suffer from:We can suffer from:
Biological hazardsBiological hazards Chemical hazardsChemical hazards Physical hazardsPhysical hazards Cultural hazardsCultural hazards
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDSBIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Transmissible vs Transmissible vs
nontransmissablenontransmissable
Disease spread – Disease spread – change in change in physical, social, physical, social, biological envmt.biological envmt.
Epidemiological Epidemiological transitiontransition
Solutions
Infectious Diseases
Increase research on tropical diseases and vaccines
Reduce poverty
Decrease malnutrition
Improve drinking water quality
Reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics
Educate people to take all of an antibiotic prescription
Reduce antibiotic use to promote livestock growth
Careful hand washing by all medical personnel
Immunize children against major viral diseases
Oral rehydration for diarrhea victims
Global campaign to reduce HIV/AIDS
TOXIC CHEMICALSTOXIC CHEMICALS LDLD5050
MutagensMutagens TeratogensTeratogens CarcinogensCarcinogens Others (immune, nervous, endocrine)Others (immune, nervous, endocrine)
HAZARDOUS CHEMICALSHAZARDOUS CHEMICALS FlammableFlammable ExplosiveExplosive IrritantIrritant AsphyxiantAsphyxiant AllergenAllergen
ASSESSING ASSESSING CHEMICAL CHEMICAL HAZARDSHAZARDS Dose; Dose;
Frequency; Frequency; Biology; Biology; GeneticsGenetics
VariablesVariables
RISK ANALYSISRISK ANALYSIS
ScientistsScientists
Comparative Risk Analysis
Most Serious Ecological and Health Problems
High-Risk Health Problems • Indoor air pollution • Outdoor air pollution • Worker chemical exposure • Pollutants in drinking water • Pesticide residues on food • Toxic chemicals in consumer products
High-Risk Ecological Problems • Global climate change • Stratospheric ozone depletion • Wildlife habitat alteration & destruction • Species extinction, loss of biodiversity
Medium-Risk Ecological Problems • Acid deposition • Pesticides • Airborne toxic chemicals • Toxic chemicals, nutrients, and sediment in surface waters
Low-Risk Ecological Problems • Oil spills • Groundwater pollution • Radioactive isotopes • Acid runoff to surface waters • Thermal pollution
RISK RISK ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT How?How? How?How?
RISK BUSINESSRISK BUSINESS
U.S. (2003)
World
MORE RISKMORE RISK Culture vs. Culture vs.
biologicalbiological
OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES: Assess the types and effects of chemical Assess the types and effects of chemical
and biological hazards.and biological hazards. Describe risk assessment.Describe risk assessment.