chapter 11 sectional conflict increases section 1 – an uneasy balance

Chapter 11Chapter 11Sectional Conflict Sectional Conflict

IncreasesIncreases

Section 1 –Section 1 –

An Uneasy BalanceAn Uneasy Balance

A. Missouri A. Missouri CompromiseCompromise

1.1. 1819 – Missouri applies for statehood1819 – Missouri applies for statehood

2.2. Debate over slavery/sectional fears – Debate over slavery/sectional fears –

► Georgia congressman tells James Georgia congressman tells James Talmadge (NY), who wanted to Talmadge (NY), who wanted to gradually eliminate slavery if Missouri gradually eliminate slavery if Missouri became a state: became a state:

““You have kindled a fire which all the You have kindled a fire which all the waters of the ocean cannot put out, waters of the ocean cannot put out, which seas of blood can only extinguish.”which seas of blood can only extinguish.”

► Would he prove to be correct?Would he prove to be correct?


3.3. Agreement – Henry Clay led Agreement – Henry Clay led CongressCongress

a)a) Missouri admitted as a slave stateMissouri admitted as a slave state

b)b) Maine admitted as a free stateMaine admitted as a free state

c)c) Slavery banned in Louisiana Territory Slavery banned in Louisiana Territory north of Missouri’s southern border north of Missouri’s southern border (36°30’ N latitude)(36°30’ N latitude)

4.4. Result – Temporary reliefResult – Temporary relief See quotes on next slideSee quotes on next slide


5.5. Sectional ConcernsSectional Concerns Sectional antagonism, Jefferson wrote, Sectional antagonism, Jefferson wrote,

"is hushed, indeed, for the moment. "is hushed, indeed, for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence… and every new irritation will sentence… and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper." mark it deeper and deeper."

John Quincy Adams agreed. The John Quincy Adams agreed. The Missouri crisis, he wrote, is only the Missouri crisis, he wrote, is only the "title page to a great tragic volume.“"title page to a great tragic volume.“

► Why did Jefferson and Adams say this? Why did Jefferson and Adams say this?

► Will they be proven correct?Will they be proven correct?

B. The Slavery Debate B. The Slavery Debate ReopensReopens

1.1. A Tense TimeA Tense Timea)a) Southern members of House able to Southern members of House able to

outlaw talk of abolishing slavery on the outlaw talk of abolishing slavery on the floorfloor

b)b) Equal numbers continue – Arkansas Equal numbers continue – Arkansas admitted as slave state in 1836, admitted as slave state in 1836, Michigan as free state in 1837Michigan as free state in 1837►February 1838 – Congressmen from Maine and

Kentucky have a duel, northerner was killed


2.2. Annexation of TexasAnnexation of Texasa)a) Slave states vs. free statesSlave states vs. free states

b)b) Result – Result – ► Texas admitted as a slave state but it could be Texas admitted as a slave state but it could be

divided into as many as five states if it wanteddivided into as many as five states if it wanted► Missouri Compromise line extended westwardMissouri Compromise line extended westward► Between 1845 and 1848, Texas and Florida Between 1845 and 1848, Texas and Florida

added as slave states, Iowa and Wisconsin added as slave states, Iowa and Wisconsin added as free statesadded as free states


3.3. Popular Sovereignty and Wilmot ProvisoPopular Sovereignty and Wilmot Provisoa)a) Big question – What should be done with Big question – What should be done with

slavery in newly acquired land from Mexico slavery in newly acquired land from Mexico in Mexican war?in Mexican war?

b)b) Polk’s proposal – extend Missouri Polk’s proposal – extend Missouri Compromise line all the way to Pacific OceanCompromise line all the way to Pacific Ocean

c)c) Popular sovereignty – proposed by Senators Popular sovereignty – proposed by Senators Lewis Cass (MI) and Stephen Douglas (IL) – Lewis Cass (MI) and Stephen Douglas (IL) – would allow the citizens of new territories to would allow the citizens of new territories to vote on whether or not to allow slaveryvote on whether or not to allow slavery► How was this different from previous discussions How was this different from previous discussions

about the expansion of slavery?about the expansion of slavery?


d)d) Neither proposal satisfied Neither proposal satisfied antislavery peopleantislavery people► What did they want?What did they want?

e)e) Wilmot Proviso –wanted to make it Wilmot Proviso –wanted to make it a law and ban slavery in all lands a law and ban slavery in all lands that were added from Mexicothat were added from Mexico

f)f) Result – DID NOT BECOME A LAWResult – DID NOT BECOME A LAW

C. Election of C. Election of 18481848

1.1. Democrats – Lewis CassDemocrats – Lewis Cass Supported popular sovereignty and was Supported popular sovereignty and was

against Wilmot Provisoagainst Wilmot Proviso

2.2. Whigs –Mexican War hero Zachary Whigs –Mexican War hero Zachary TaylorTaylor People didn’t know Taylor’s views on People didn’t know Taylor’s views on

slavery but since he had slaves it was slavery but since he had slaves it was assumed he would be in favor of itassumed he would be in favor of it

C. Election of C. Election of 18481848

3.3. Free Soil Party –Free Soil Party –a)a) Formed by antislavery Whigs and Democrats Formed by antislavery Whigs and Democrats

in August 1848in August 1848

b)b) Nominated former president Martin Van BurenNominated former president Martin Van Buren

c)c) Platform [position] – Demanded that slavery Platform [position] – Demanded that slavery be banned in all territoriesbe banned in all territories

4.4. Result – Taylor beats Cass 163-127Result – Taylor beats Cass 163-127 Free Soil party takes enough votes in NY (Van Free Soil party takes enough votes in NY (Van

Buren’s home state) to cost Cass the electionBuren’s home state) to cost Cass the election

D. Gold in D. Gold in CaliforniaCalifornia

1.1. Sutter’s Fort – fort and trading post Sutter’s Fort – fort and trading post owned by Swiss immigrant John owned by Swiss immigrant John Augustus Sutter along the California Augustus Sutter along the California Trail Trail

California Trail – trail that split away from California Trail – trail that split away from Oregon Trail near the southernmost point of Oregon Trail near the southernmost point of the Snake Riverthe Snake River

2.2. Gold discovered in the bottom of a Gold discovered in the bottom of a wooden canal on January 24, 1848wooden canal on January 24, 1848

D. Gold in D. Gold in CaliforniaCalifornia3.3. Discovery led to a huge number of Discovery led to a huge number of

incoming people to join the search incoming people to join the search (40,000 by May 1849 over California Trail)(40,000 by May 1849 over California Trail)

4.4. Forty-niners – migrants to gold rush, Forty-niners – migrants to gold rush, named because of the year (1849)named because of the year (1849)

Nearly 80 percent of forty-niners were Nearly 80 percent of forty-niners were Americans, others were from Mexico, Americans, others were from Mexico, Australia, China, Europe and South AmericaAustralia, China, Europe and South America

E. Slavery in E. Slavery in CongressCongress

1.1. By 1850, California had enough By 1850, California had enough people to apply for statehoodpeople to apply for statehood

Wanted to enter the Union as a free state Wanted to enter the Union as a free state – Taylor OK but Southerners said no– Taylor OK but Southerners said no

2.2. Texas’ role – wanted more land, Texas’ role – wanted more land, threatened to hold up approval threatened to hold up approval of Californiaof California

F. Clay’s ProposalF. Clay’s Proposal1.1. Henry Clay wanted Northern and Henry Clay wanted Northern and

Southern members of the Senate to Southern members of the Senate to compromise on slaverycompromise on slavery

Clay returned to Congress after a long Clay returned to Congress after a long absence due to illnessabsence due to illness

““All society is formed upon the principle of All society is formed upon the principle of mutual concession [compromise]”mutual concession [compromise]”

His rival in the Whig party Daniel Webster His rival in the Whig party Daniel Webster agreed with his ideas and so Clay agreed with his ideas and so Clay presented them to the Senatepresented them to the Senate

F. Clay’s ProposalF. Clay’s Proposal2.2. The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850

a)a) Admit California as a free stateAdmit California as a free state

b)b) Abolish the slave trade, but not Abolish the slave trade, but not slavery itself, in D.C.slavery itself, in D.C.

c)c) Pay Texas $10 million to give up its Pay Texas $10 million to give up its claim to part of New Mexicoclaim to part of New Mexico

F. Clay’s ProposalF. Clay’s Proposald)d) Create New Mexico and Utah Territories – Create New Mexico and Utah Territories –

have slavery decided by popular sovereigntyhave slavery decided by popular sovereignty

e)e) Pass a tougher fugitive slave law that would Pass a tougher fugitive slave law that would force everybody to help federal officials force everybody to help federal officials track runaway slavestrack runaway slaves• State and local authorities along with private State and local authorities along with private

citizens were required to helpcitizens were required to help

• Clay urged both sides to solve their Clay urged both sides to solve their differences and save the Uniondifferences and save the Union

• What factors were at work here?What factors were at work here?

F. Clay’s ProposalF. Clay’s Proposal3.3. Fire-eaters – Fire-eaters –

a)a) Definition – southern political leaders Definition – southern political leaders who were extremely pro-slaverywho were extremely pro-slavery

b)b) Wanted slavery to be protected by Wanted slavery to be protected by federal law or constitutional federal law or constitutional amendment, otherwise wanted amendment, otherwise wanted southern states to secede from the southern states to secede from the UnionUnion

G. Senate DebateG. Senate Debate1.1. John C. Calhoun – John C. Calhoun –

a)a) Leading fire-eater who attacked Clay’s Leading fire-eater who attacked Clay’s proposalproposal

b)b) Said the South would be forced to choose Said the South would be forced to choose between abolition and secession and it was between abolition and secession and it was the North’s responsibility to fix the problemthe North’s responsibility to fix the problem

► Webster gave a speech supporting Clay’s proposal Webster gave a speech supporting Clay’s proposal but many northerners thought that compromising but many northerners thought that compromising on slavery was wrong and thus were against the on slavery was wrong and thus were against the CompromiseCompromise

G. Senate DebateG. Senate Debate2.2. Change in power – President Taylor Change in power – President Taylor

died suddenly in July 1850, replaced died suddenly in July 1850, replaced by Vice President Millard Fillmoreby Vice President Millard Fillmore

3.3. Compromise of 1850 was passed by Compromise of 1850 was passed by Congress on September 20, 1850Congress on September 20, 1850

► Was the Compromise a permanent Was the Compromise a permanent solution or a temporary fix?solution or a temporary fix?


IncreasesIncreases


Compromise Comes Compromise Comes to an Endto an End

A. The Early 1850sA. The Early 1850s1.1. Election of 1852Election of 1852

a)a) Democrats – nominated Franklin Pierce of Democrats – nominated Franklin Pierce of New HampshireNew Hampshire

b)b) Whigs – nominated another Mexican War Whigs – nominated another Mexican War hero, Winfield Scotthero, Winfield Scott

c)c) Free Soil – Nominated John P. HaleFree Soil – Nominated John P. Hale

d)d) Result – Pierce won in a landslide (254-42) Result – Pierce won in a landslide (254-42)

e)e) Why did Pierce win?Why did Pierce win?

f)f) Term – Pierce’s young son died in a train Term – Pierce’s young son died in a train accident on the way to D.C., Pierce was accident on the way to D.C., Pierce was never the same personnever the same person

A. The Early 1850sA. The Early 1850s2.2. Fugitive Slave ActFugitive Slave Act

a)a) What did it do? Made it a federal crime What did it do? Made it a federal crime to assist runaway slavesto assist runaway slaves

b)b) What effect did it have? What effect did it have? ► Compromise of 1850 was in trouble long Compromise of 1850 was in trouble long

before Pierce’s election in 1852before Pierce’s election in 1852► Many Northerners did whatever they could to Many Northerners did whatever they could to

help runaway slaveshelp runaway slaves► Further added to the divide between Further added to the divide between

proslavery supporters and abolitionistsproslavery supporters and abolitionists

B. Antislavery B. Antislavery LiteratureLiterature1.1. Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Uncle Tom’s Cabin – written by written by

abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe – abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe – Novel about the realities of slavery from sugar Novel about the realities of slavery from sugar

plantations to homes of slaveholders to plight of plantations to homes of slaveholders to plight of runaway slavesrunaway slaves

2.2. ReactionsReactions Sold 300,000 copies in nine months, over 2 million Sold 300,000 copies in nine months, over 2 million

copies in U.S. by end of 1850scopies in U.S. by end of 1850s It was banned in parts of the south, where many It was banned in parts of the south, where many

novels defending slavery appearednovels defending slavery appeared Another event that widened the gap between north Another event that widened the gap between north

and southand south

Do you think Uncle Tom’s Cabin an accurate portrayal of life in the South, particularly for slaves?

Why or why not?

C. Kansas-Nebraska C. Kansas-Nebraska ActAct

1.1. Transcontinental railroad wanted Transcontinental railroad wanted from Chicago to West Coastfrom Chicago to West Coast

Douglas behind this one as wellDouglas behind this one as well

2.2. What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act do?do?

a)a) Repealed the Missouri CompromiseRepealed the Missouri Compromise

b)b) Created the territories of Kansas and Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and eventual statehood based Nebraska and eventual statehood based on popular sovereigntyon popular sovereignty

C. Kansas-Nebraska C. Kansas-Nebraska ActAct

3.3. Reaction was predictable – Reaction was predictable – a)a) Southerners liked the possibility of Southerners liked the possibility of

expanding slavery expanding slavery

b)b) Abolitionists were upset at the turn Abolitionists were upset at the turn of eventsof events

c)c) It was also opposed for economic It was also opposed for economic reasons. Why?reasons. Why?

D. Bleeding D. Bleeding KansasKansas1.1. Both sides (pro- and anti-slavery) organize Both sides (pro- and anti-slavery) organize

to help people move to Kansasto help people move to Kansas

2.2. Elections in Kansas – March 1855Elections in Kansas – March 1855a)a) About 5,000 pro-slavery residents of Missouri About 5,000 pro-slavery residents of Missouri

cross the border to vote in territorial electionscross the border to vote in territorial elections► How was this possible?How was this possible?

b)b) Proslavery candidates winProslavery candidates win

c)c) Antislavery settlers form own government, Antislavery settlers form own government, both claim to be legitimate government of both claim to be legitimate government of KansasKansas

D. Bleeding D. Bleeding KansasKansas

3.3. ViolenceViolencea)a) Lawrence – May 1856 – Pro-slavery raiders Lawrence – May 1856 – Pro-slavery raiders

trashed the town that was headquarters of trashed the town that was headquarters of the Free State Partythe Free State Party

b)b) Pottawatomie Massacre – led by abolitionist Pottawatomie Massacre – led by abolitionist John Brown (more about him later), attack John Brown (more about him later), attack on pro-slavery settlement, five men beaten on pro-slavery settlement, five men beaten and killed in middle of the nightand killed in middle of the night

c)c) Bleeding Kansas – nickname given to Bleeding Kansas – nickname given to violence in Kansasviolence in Kansas

D. Bleeding D. Bleeding KansasKansas

d)d) Attack on the Capitol Floor – South Attack on the Capitol Floor – South Carolina Rep. Preston Brooks beat Carolina Rep. Preston Brooks beat Massachusetts Sen. Charles Sumner Massachusetts Sen. Charles Sumner unconscious with a cane unconscious with a cane

e)e) End result of Brooks’ attack on Sumner End result of Brooks’ attack on Sumner and the violence in Kansas – only and the violence in Kansas – only created more abolitionists than anything created more abolitionists than anything elseelse

E. The New Republican E. The New Republican PartyParty

1.1. Republican Party – created in 1854 by Republican Party – created in 1854 by antislavery Whigs and Democrats along antislavery Whigs and Democrats along with some Free-Soilers, took name from with some Free-Soilers, took name from old Republican Party of Jeffersonold Republican Party of Jefferson

2.2. Elections of 1854 and 1856Elections of 1854 and 1856a)a) 1854 Congressional Elections – Republicans 1854 Congressional Elections – Republicans

team up with American Party (anti-immigrant, team up with American Party (anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic Know-Nothings) to defeat anti-Catholic Know-Nothings) to defeat DemocratsDemocrats

b)b) By 1856, antislavery Know-Nothings officially By 1856, antislavery Know-Nothings officially join Republicansjoin Republicans

Cuba refers to the Ostend Manifesto, which was a Cuba refers to the Ostend Manifesto, which was a proposal to buy Cuba from Spain and add it as a slave proposal to buy Cuba from Spain and add it as a slave statestate


3.3. Election of 1856Election of 1856a)a) Republicans – nominate John C. Republicans – nominate John C.

Fremont Fremont ► ““Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Men, Fremont Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Men, Fremont

and Victory!”and Victory!”

b)b) Democrats – nominate James Buchanan Democrats – nominate James Buchanan of Pennsylvania over President Pierceof Pennsylvania over President Pierce► Supported Kansas-Nebraska Act, Supported Kansas-Nebraska Act,

Democrats called Republicans a party of Democrats called Republicans a party of sectionalism in responsesectionalism in response


c)c) American Party – Know-Nothings and American Party – Know-Nothings and remaining Whigs nominate former remaining Whigs nominate former president Millard Fillmorepresident Millard Fillmore

d)d) Result – Buchanan wins (174 electoral Result – Buchanan wins (174 electoral votes), Fremont (114) and Fillmore (8) votes), Fremont (114) and Fillmore (8) only carried Marylandonly carried Maryland

e)e) Why did Buchanan win? Why did Buchanan win?


4.4. Lecompton Constitution – Lecompton Constitution – a)a) It gave Kansas voters only the right to It gave Kansas voters only the right to

decide if more slaves could enter the decide if more slaves could enter the territory, not whether or not slavery territory, not whether or not slavery should existshould exist

b)b) Douglas speaks out against Lecompton Douglas speaks out against Lecompton a)a) Cost him Douglas key support and Cost him Douglas key support and

discredited popular sovereignty. Who was discredited popular sovereignty. Who was upset with him?upset with him?


IncreasesIncreases


On the Brink of WarOn the Brink of War

A. Dred Scott A. Dred Scott DecisionDecision1.1. Who was Dred Scott? Slave of army Who was Dred Scott? Slave of army

doctor John Emerson lived in Missouri, doctor John Emerson lived in Missouri, wanted to be free after Emerson wanted to be free after Emerson passed awaypassed away

2.2. What was his argument? He should What was his argument? He should be free because he had previously be free because he had previously lived with Emerson in Wisconsin lived with Emerson in Wisconsin Territory and Illinois, both freeTerritory and Illinois, both free Missouri courts had already given slaves Missouri courts had already given slaves

freedom in similar casesfreedom in similar cases

A. Dred Scott A. Dred Scott DecisionDecision

3.3. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney – one of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney – one of five southerners on the Supreme Court five southerners on the Supreme Court who wrote the majority opinionwho wrote the majority opinion

4.4. What was his decision? What was his decision? a)a) That since Scott was property and not a That since Scott was property and not a

U.S. citizen, he had no right to sueU.S. citizen, he had no right to sue

b)b) Congress did not have the right to outlaw Congress did not have the right to outlaw slavery because you couldn’t deny right to slavery because you couldn’t deny right to property without due processproperty without due process

c)c) Missouri Compromise line was illegalMissouri Compromise line was illegal

A. Dred Scott A. Dred Scott DecisionDecision5.5. ReactionReaction

a)a) Abolitionists were outraged but Abolitionists were outraged but some saw it as an opportunity to some saw it as an opportunity to take actiontake action

b)b) Combined with Kansas-Nebraska Combined with Kansas-Nebraska Act, slavery looked like it was going Act, slavery looked like it was going to expand into territoriesto expand into territories

B. Lincoln-Douglas B. Lincoln-Douglas DebatesDebates

1.1. Abraham Lincoln – lawyer and Abraham Lincoln – lawyer and former House member who was former House member who was against slavery, ran for U.S. Senate against slavery, ran for U.S. Senate from Illinois as a Republicanfrom Illinois as a Republican

2.2. Stephen Douglas – called the “Little Stephen Douglas – called the “Little Giant”, was running for a third Giant”, was running for a third termterm

a)a) Douglas was popular with people in IllinoisDouglas was popular with people in Illinois

B. Lincoln-Douglas B. Lincoln-Douglas DebatesDebates

3.3. Lincoln-Douglas Debates (seven total Lincoln-Douglas Debates (seven total between August and October)between August and October)a)a) ““A house divided against itself cannot stand” – A house divided against itself cannot stand” –

Lincoln at Republican State Convention 6/16/1858Lincoln at Republican State Convention 6/16/1858

b)b) Lincoln – willing to tolerate slavery in the South Lincoln – willing to tolerate slavery in the South but strongly opposed to it in territoriesbut strongly opposed to it in territories

c)c) Freeport Doctrine – Douglas said that people of a Freeport Doctrine – Douglas said that people of a territory could still keep slavery out by refusing to territory could still keep slavery out by refusing to pass local laws necessary to make slave system pass local laws necessary to make slave system workwork

d)d) Result – Freeport Doctrine helped Douglas beat Result – Freeport Doctrine helped Douglas beat Lincoln in a close raceLincoln in a close race

First Debate Ottawa – August 21, 1858

Second Debate Freeport – August 27, 1858

Third Debate Jonesboro –September 15, 1858

Fourth Debate Charleston –September 18, 1858

Fifth Debate Galesburg –October 7, 1858

Sixth Debate Quincy –October 13, 1858

Seventh Debate Alton –October 15, 1858

C. John Brown’s C. John Brown’s RaidRaid

1.1. Attack on Harpers Ferry, Virginia Attack on Harpers Ferry, Virginia (October 16, 1859)(October 16, 1859)a)a) Who? Abolitionist John Brown and a Who? Abolitionist John Brown and a

group of 20 that included five African group of 20 that included five African Americans. Group was funded by Americans. Group was funded by abolitionists from New England.abolitionists from New England.

b)b) What happened? Brown’s group seizes What happened? Brown’s group seizes the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferrythe federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry


c)c) Why? Brown hoped to revolt against Why? Brown hoped to revolt against slaveholders and start a new slaveholders and start a new government in the Appalachian government in the Appalachian MountainsMountains

d)d) Result – No slaves came to help and Result – No slaves came to help and the army eventually attacked, killing the army eventually attacked, killing half of the group and capturing the resthalf of the group and capturing the rest

e)e) Fate of those captured? Brown and six Fate of those captured? Brown and six of his followers were convicted and of his followers were convicted and executedexecuted


2.2. ReactionReactiona)a) Northerners – questioned Brown’s sanity but Northerners – questioned Brown’s sanity but

many also saw him as a heromany also saw him as a hero

b)b) Southerners – Southerners – ► Some saw him as a fanatic who got what Some saw him as a fanatic who got what

he deservedhe deserved► Secessionists thought it would lead Secessionists thought it would lead

yeoman farmers and poor whites to yeoman farmers and poor whites to support their cause support their cause

D. Election of D. Election of 186018601.1. Democrats – nominated Stephen Douglas Democrats – nominated Stephen Douglas

2.2. Southern Democrats broke away and chose Southern Democrats broke away and chose Vice President John BreckinridgeVice President John Breckinridge

3.3. Republicans – nominated Abraham Lincoln, Republicans – nominated Abraham Lincoln, who seemed more moderate who seemed more moderate

Stronger abolitionists wanted William SewardStronger abolitionists wanted William Seward Platform – designed to attract northern Platform – designed to attract northern

industrialists and wage earners along with industrialists and wage earners along with midwestern farmers, totally ignored the Southmidwestern farmers, totally ignored the South

4.4. Constitutional Union Party – formed by Southern Constitutional Union Party – formed by Southern moderates, nominated John Bellmoderates, nominated John Bell

D. Election of D. Election of 186018605.5. ResultsResults

a)a) Same as sectional divisions – Lincoln wins Same as sectional divisions – Lincoln wins convincingly in Electoral College but only wins 40% convincingly in Electoral College but only wins 40% of popular voteof popular vote

b)b) Lincoln – carried almost all northern and Midwest Lincoln – carried almost all northern and Midwest states (180 electoral votes)states (180 electoral votes)

c)c) Douglas – claimed almost 30 percent popular vote Douglas – claimed almost 30 percent popular vote but only 12 electoral votes (Missouri and 3 of 7 but only 12 electoral votes (Missouri and 3 of 7 electoral votes from NJ)electoral votes from NJ)

d)d) Breckinridge – carried every state of Lower South Breckinridge – carried every state of Lower South (18.1% popular vote, 72 electoral votes)(18.1% popular vote, 72 electoral votes)

e)e) Bell – Won three states in Upper South (KY, VA, TN), Bell – Won three states in Upper South (KY, VA, TN), finished last in popular vote (12.6%) but third in finished last in popular vote (12.6%) but third in electoral votes with 39electoral votes with 39

E. SecessionE. Secession1.1. Lincoln’s victory was seen in the South as a Lincoln’s victory was seen in the South as a

win for abolitionistswin for abolitionists

2.2. States secede – South Carolina first on Dec. States secede – South Carolina first on Dec. 20, 1860, six others follow by Feb. 1, 186120, 1860, six others follow by Feb. 1, 1861

3.3. Confederate States of America – formed by Confederate States of America – formed by delegates from six of the seven seceding delegates from six of the seven seceding states in a convention at Montgomery, states in a convention at Montgomery, AlabamaAlabama

4.4. Jefferson Davis – Mississippi planter and Jefferson Davis – Mississippi planter and former U.S. senator named Confederate former U.S. senator named Confederate presidentpresident

E. SecessionE. Secession5.5. Buchanan backs down – Before leaving office, Buchanan backs down – Before leaving office,

he says that states have no power to secede he says that states have no power to secede but that the government can’t make them stay but that the government can’t make them stay against its willagainst its will

6.6. Southern justification – used states’ rights as Southern justification – used states’ rights as basis for withdrawal but also feared that basis for withdrawal but also feared that restricting slavery in territories would keep restricting slavery in territories would keep them as the minority in Congressthem as the minority in Congress

7.7. Northern reaction – states accepted the Northern reaction – states accepted the Constitution as supreme law of the land when Constitution as supreme law of the land when they ratified it, can’t just withdraw if they they ratified it, can’t just withdraw if they didn’t like what was happeningdidn’t like what was happening

Civil War CausesCivil War Causes

chapter 11 sectional conflict increases section 1 – an uneasy balance

Documents

expansion of slavery

ban slavery

talk of abolishing slavery

missouri crisis

free stateslavery

free statesb

free soil party

free statesresult texas