Chapter 11- The Civil WarAfrican Americans and the

War

The Push towards EmancipationLincoln feels pressure to address slavery issue

Slavery unpopular in Europe

Main reason why GB won’t support Confederacy

Enslaved African Americans seek refugeUnion army encounters runaway slaves

Gen Butler puts them to work in manual labor camps

Declared as contraband

Lincoln’s PlanBegins initial work on emancipation plan in secret

For African Americans in the South

Wait for a Union victory to announce it

Antietam Sept. 1862- Lee leads troops to MD

Victory in the North might gain European support

Gain supplies for hungry army

Antietam Sharpsburg, MD

McClellan’s troops spread out near Antietam Creek

Sept. 17- Union attacks Confederates in 3 phases

Antietam 23,000 soldiers (both sides) dead or wounded

Single bloodiest day of the Civil War

Union lost more, but Lincoln moves forward with emancipation

Casualties at Antietam Union Union Confederate Confederate

Phase of Battle

Troops Involved

Casualties Troops Involved

Casualties

Morning 22,400 6,550 20,800 6,050

Midday 9,700 2,900 6,500 2,600

Afternoon 13,820 2,350 6,000 1,120

Emancipation At LastSept. 22, 1862- Emancipation Proclamation

Freed all enslaved people in South after Jan. 1, 1863

Does not apply to Union controlled and border states

Reaction to Proclamation Some Northerners were excited

Other felt it did not go far enough

Rep.-Used in areas that US did not control

Dem.- too drastic a step to take

Reaction to Proclamation Did not free a single slave

The war is now about slavery

Any desire to end the war dies for white southerners

African Americans Join the FightEager to join the Army

Need for soldiers even before E.P.

Lincoln repeals ban on AA soldiers

Militia Act- black soldiers allowed in military

African Americans Join the FightAA’s now actively recruited to join Army

54 Mass. Regiment- all black soldiers, white commanding officers

Confederacy considered drafting blacks, did not go through with it

African Americans Join the FightUsually assigned non-combat tasks

Cooking, cleaning, digging latrines3 year battle to win equal pay

Would be killed if captured

Enslaved People Help the UnionSlaves left in charge of plantations would produce food for Union Army

Served as spies of scouts

Demanded wages for work in some places

Fled to the North/West Union camps

HomeworkRead Section 3- “Life During the War” on pages 373-378

Answer questions 1,4,5, and 6 on page 378

Exit SlipDo you think that Lincoln’s decision to free the slaves and use them in the war was just another way to exploit them? Why or why not?