Chapter 11Urban land use, City structure

11.01 A package of suburban land-use planning principles designed to curb sprawl is known as:

1. redlining

2. segregation

3. smart growth

4. defensible space

5. gentrification

11.01 A package of suburban land-use planning principles designed to curb sprawl is known as:

1. redlining

2. segregation

3. smart growth

4. defensible space

5. gentrification

Explanation: Smart growth involves such things as preserving open space, redeveloping inner suburbs, reducing dependency on automobiles, encouraging mixed land uses, and creating a greater sense of community.

11.02 The central nucleus of commercial land uses in a city is called the:

1. zone in transition

2. central business district (CBD)

3. isotropic surface

4. edge city

5. boomburbs

11.02 The central nucleus of commercial land uses in a city is called the:

1. zone in transition

2. central business district (CBD)

3. isotropic surface

4. edge city

5. boomburbs

Explanation: The CBS usually contains a city’s densest concentration of shops, offices, and warehouses and the tallest nonresidential buildings.

11.03 About what percentage of the American population lives in the ten megapolitan regions shown here?

1. 5%

2. 10%

3. 25%

4. 50%

5. 70%

11.03 About what percentage of the American population lives in the ten megapolitan regions shown here?

1. 5%

2. 10%

3. 25%

4. 50%

5. 70%

11.04 The transmission of poverty and deprivation from one generation to another through a combination of domestic circumstances and local, neighborhood conditions is known as:

1. zone in transition

2. underemployment

3. invasion and succession

4. gentrification

5. cycle of poverty

11.04 The transmission of poverty and deprivation from one generation to another through a combination of domestic circumstances and local, neighborhood conditions is known as:

1. zone in transition

2. underemployment

3. invasion and succession

4. gentrification

5. cycle of poverty

Explanation: The cycle of poverty can prevent neighborhoods from improving their condition. A key element in the cycle of poverty is the educational setting: a poor educational environment limits occupational choice and results in lower incomes.

11.05 Which of these is a characteristic of European cities?

1. low skylines

2. lively downtowns

3. neighborhood stability

4. municipal socialism

5. all of the above

11.05 Which of these is a characteristic of European cities?

1. low skylines

2. lively downtowns

3. neighborhood stability

4. municipal socialism

5. all of the above

Explanation: These four factors distinguish European cities from most American ones. The photo below shows Bonn, Germany.

11.06 The idea that buildings and cities should be designed and run like machines is called:

1. the Modern movement

2. postmodern urban design

3. Beaux Arts

4. redlining

5. gentrification

11.06 The idea that buildings and cities should be designed and run like machines is called:

1. the Modern movement

2. postmodern urban design

3. Beaux Arts

4. redlining

5. gentrification

11.07 The practice whereby lending institutions delimit “bad risk” neighborhoods on a city map and then use the map as the basis for determining loans is known as:

1. defensible space

2. smart growth

3. cycle of poverty

4. redlining

5. gentrification

11.07 The practice whereby lending institutions delimit “bad risk” neighborhoods on a city map and then use the map as the basis for determining loans is known as:

1. defensible space

2. smart growth

3. cycle of poverty

4. redlining

5. gentrification

Explanation: Redlining is a form of discrimination that results in a bias against minorities and female-led households.

11.08 Which of these is a type of node within a polycentric metropolis?

1. traditional downtown center

2. newer business centers

3. internal edge cities

4. external edge cities

5. all of the above

11.08 Which of these is a type of node within a polycentric metropolis?

1. traditional downtown center

2. newer business centers

3. internal edge cities

4. external edge cities

5. all of the above

Explanation: All of these are components of the polycentric metropolis, listed in order from the CBD to areas increasingly distant from the center.

11.09 This photo best illustrates:

1. a central business district (CBD)

2. gentrification

3. suburban sprawl

4. an edge city

5. postmodern urban design

11.09 This photo best illustrates:

1. a central business district (CBD)

2. gentrification

3. suburban sprawl

4. an edge city

5. postmodern urban design

11.10 Which of these states does not have any territory in the Piedmont megapolitan region of the United States?

1. Georgia

2. Tennessee

3. Alabama

4. Florida

5. South Carolina

11.10 Which of these states does not have any territory in the Piedmont megapolitan region of the United States?

1. Georgia

2. Tennessee

3. Alabama

4. Florida

5. South Carolina

11.11 “Generica” refers to:

1. the process of gentrification

2. a package of suburban land-use planning principles designed to curb sprawl

3. the generic landscape of office buildings, shopping malls, and residential sprawl

4. protected enclaves of the rich

5. a process of urban change whereby one social or ethnic group succeeds another

11.11 “Generica” refers to:

1. the process of gentrification2. a package of suburban land-use planning principles designed to curb sprawl3. the generic landscape of office buildings, shopping malls, and residential sprawl4. protected enclaves of the rich5. a process of urban change whereby one social or ethnic group succeeds another

11.12 The territorial clustering of specific groups or sub-groups of people is known as:

1. invasion and succession

2. defensible space

3. congregation

4. segregation

5. gentrification

11.12 The territorial clustering of specific groups or sub-groups of people is known as:

1. invasion and succession

2. defensible space

3. congregation

4. segregation

5. gentrification

Explanation: Congregation is a place-making activity and the basis for urban structure. It is especially important for minority groups as a way of preserving cultural identity and minimizing conflicts with outsiders.