chapter 11.4 the second war for independence the war of 1812
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Chapter 11.4 The Second War for Independence The War of 1812. When Great Britain and France went to war in 1803 America would find itself in the middle of it with no way out. Napoleon was looking to conquer England and Europe England was looking to get back its colonies while stopping France. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 11.4 The Second War for Independence
The War of 1812
• When Great Britain and France went to war in 1803– America would find itself in
the middle of it with no way out.
– Napoleon was looking to conquer England and Europe
– England was looking to get back its colonies while stopping France
The British make the first move…• 1803-1808
– Parliament pass laws that allow British ships to inspect any ship in Atlantic Ocean• Looking for weapons being
sent to France
– What happens instead? • American sailors and ships
are being forced to serve for the British– Called impressment– Why?
» They need more ships to attack France
So what can Pres. Jefferson do? • Well, we can’t fight them yet
– Navy• USA = 6 ships• UK = 800 ships
• So, we make a law to keep us from having to deal with Britain
– Embargo Act of 1807• Law banned trade with all
foreign countries
• Goal:– Keep USA away from trouble in
Atlantic Ocean
Reaction to Embargo Act• Democratic Republican’s
– Loved it!
– Let America take care of itself
– Why were this way? • They were all farmers in
South
• Federalist supporters– Hated it!
– Main source of income was doing trade with UK and France• They were all merchants in
North
– What would you do if you lived in the North? • They thought about claiming
independence from the South and their POTUS…
Meanwhile, it’s 1808. Time for another election.
• TJ is done – Served 2 terms
• Democratic – Republican– James Madison
• Technically still Federalists…– Charles Pinckney
– Landslide victory for Madison• Becomes 4th POTUS
How does Pres. Madison deal with unpopularity of Embargo Act.
• Non –Intercourse Act of 1809– Banned trade with France
and Britain only
– Opened trade to West Indies and China
– Goal:• Keep merchants in North
happy…– It worked.
The British get sneaky…• Persuade Indians in the NW
territory to attack American settlers
– Aided by:• British weapons• Promise to have land back if
they help Britain take back colonies.
– Indians led by Tecumseh• Leads 700 indians into Indiana
Territory to take on U.S. Army – Led by William Henry Harrison
» Governor of Indiana territory
Battle of Tippecanoe
• US Army destroy Indian warriors– Chase them away from
battle of field.
• Then, Harrison orders the Indians village to be burned to the ground.
– Tecumseh and other tribes give up on their attacks on US settlers
American Response to Indian Attacks
• It was the British that forced them to do it!
• Pres. Madison asks Congress to decide what to do.– Congress:
• We must declare war on England and end this for once.
• War Hawks– Led by Henry Clay and
John C. Calhoun
War of 1812 begins…
• June 1812– America declares war on
England
• At time of war:– American army:
• 7,000 men
– Navy:• 6 ships
– Led by U.S.S. Constitution
• June 1812– England declares war on
America
• At time of war:– British army:
• 10,000 men
– Navy:• 800 ships
– 85 surrounding East Coast…
First battle of War of 1812• August 19, 1812
– Off of coast of Maine• USS Constitution Vs. HMS
Guerriere
• HMS Guerriere took first shots– Bounced off the side of “Old
Ironsides”
• USS Constitution returns fire– Blasted side in ship with “the
shock of an earthquake”
• We capture the crew and watch the Guerriere sink…
The British lick their wounds and send more ships….lots more.
Review Questions
• What is the Embargo Act?
• What is the Non-intercourse Act?
• Who is William Henry Harrison?
• What was the first battle of the War of 1812?