chapter 12 lecture basic chemistry fourth edition chapter 12 solutions 12.1 dilution and chemical...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 12 Lecture
Basic ChemistryFourth Edition
Chapter 12 Solutions12.1 Dilution and Chemical Reactions in Solution
Learning Goal Calculate the new concentration or volume of a diluted solution. Given the volume and concentration of a solution, calculate the amount of another reactant or product in a reaction.
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In a dilution• a solvent, usually water, is added to a solution
that increases the volume• the concentration of the new solution will be
less due to the larger volume
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Dilutions
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In a dilution the amount of solute does not change, only the volume of the solution.
C1V1 = C2V2 Where C is the concentration of the solution (it can be molarity or percent concentration), and V is the volume of the solution.
Dilutions, Changing Volume
Grams or molesof solute in
concentrated solution=
Grams or moles of solute in diluted
solution
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Dilutions, Changing Volume
When water is added to a concentrated solution, there is no change in the number of particles. The solute particles spread out as the volume of the diluted solution increases.
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Guide to Calculating Dilution Quantities
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What is the final molarity of the solution when 0.180 L of 0.600 M KOH is diluted to 0.540 L?
Learning Check
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What is the final molarity of the solution when 0.180 L of 0.600 M KOH is diluted to 0.540 L?
Step 1 Prepare a table of the concentrations and volumes.
Solution
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What is the final molarity of the solution when 0.180 L of 0.600 M KOH is diluted to 0.540 L?
Step 2 Rearrange the dilution expression to solve for the unknown quantity.
Solution
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What is the final molarity of the solution when 0.180 L of 0.600 M KOH is diluted to 0.540 L?
Step 3 Substitute the known quantities into the dilution expression and calculate.
Solution
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What is the volume, in milliliters, of a 5.4% (m/v) NH3 solution that can be prepared by diluting 50.0 mL of a 15% (m/v) NH3 solution?
Learning Check
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What is the volume, in milliliters, of a 5.4% (m/v) NH3 solution that can be prepared by diluting 50.0 mL of a 15% (m/v) NH3 solution?
Step 1 Prepare a table of concentrations and volumes of the solutions.
Solution
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What is the volume, in milliliters, of a 5.4% (m/v) NH3 solution that can be prepared by diluting 50.0 mL of a 15% (m/v) NH3 solution?
Step 2 Rearrange the dilution expression to solve for the unknown quantity.
Solution
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What is the volume, in milliliters, of a 5.4% (m/v) NH3 solution that can be prepared by diluting 50.0 mL of a 15% (m/v) NH3 solution?
Step 3 Substitute the known quantities into the dilution expression and calculate.
Solution
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In a chemical reaction,
• the volume and molarity of a solution are used to determine the moles of a reactant or product
Chemical Reactions in Solution
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Guide to Calculations, Solutions in Chemical Reactions
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Given the following reaction, determine how many liters of 1.50 M HCl solution completely react with 5.32 g of zinc? Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)
H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)
Learning Check
Zinc reacts when placed in a HCl solution.
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Given the following reaction, determine how many liters of 1.50 M HCl solution completely react with 5.32 g of zinc?Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)Step 1 State the given and needed
quantities.
Solution
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Given the following reaction, determine how many liters of 1.50 M HCl solution completely react with 5.32 g of zinc?Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)Step 2 Write a plan to calculate the needed quantity or concentration.
Solution
Gramsof Zn
Molar massMolar mass
Molesof Zn
Mole-mole factor
Mole-mole factor
Moles of HCl MolarityMolarity
Liters of HCl
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Given the following reaction, determine how many liters of 1.50 M HCl solution completely react with 5.32 g of zinc?Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)Step 3 Write equalities and conversion factors, including mole-mole and concentration factors.
Solution
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Given the following reaction, determine how many liters of 1.50 M HCl solution completely react with 5.32 g of zinc?Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)Step 3 Write equalities and conversion factors, including mole-mole and concentration factors.
Solution
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Given the following reaction, determine how many liters of 1.50 M HCl solution completely react with 5.32 g of zinc?Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)Step 4 Set up problem to calculate the needed quantity or concentration.
Solution
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Concept Map, Substance A to Substance B