chapter 12 network fundamentals
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8/8/2019 Chapter 12 Network Fundamentals
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Networking BenefitsNetworking Benefits
Networking Enables: InformationSharing
Centralized Administration
and Support
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Roles of Computers in a NetworkRoles of Computers in a NetworkMail Server Mail Server
Database Server Database Server Fax Server Fax Server
Database Server
Mail Server
Fax Server
Mail Server Mail Server
Database Server Database Server Fax Server Fax Server
DatabaseDatabase
DatabaseDatabase
File and Print Server File and Print Server Directory ServicesDirectory ServicesServer Server
File and Print Server
File and Print Server File and Print Server
Client Computer
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Types of NetworksTypes of Networks
Peer-to-Peer
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Scope of NetworksScope of Networks
Local AreaNetwork
e rea e wor
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Bus TopologyBus Topology
SegmentSegment
erm na or erm na or
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Star TopologyStar Topology
Hub
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Ring TopologyRing Topology
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Mesh TopologyMesh Topology
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Hybrid TopologiesHybrid Topologies
Star-Bus Bus
Star-Ring
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EthernetEthernetDetects signalTransmits signal Collision detected
CharacteristicsCharacteristics DescriptionDescription Access Method CSMA/CD
Transfer SpeedStandard Ethernet – 10 MbpsFast Ethernet – 100 Mbps
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Token RingToken Ring
PhysicalRing
LogicalRing
CharacteristicsCharacteristics DescriptionDescription Access Method Token passing
Transfer Speed 4 to 16 Mbps for all cable types
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Fibber Distributed Data InterfaceFibber Distributed Data Interface
Secondary Ring
Primary Ring
CharacteristicsCharacteristics DescriptionDescription
Transfer Speed Fiber-optic at 155 Mbps to 622 Mbps
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Network CablesNetwork Cables
Types of CablesTypes of Cables
Twisted-Pair Unshielded (UTP) Shielded STP10BaseT
Coaxial ThinNet
ThickNet10Base2, 10Base5
Fiber-Optics
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Wireless Communication DevicesWireless Communication Devices
Wireless Communication DevicesWireless Communication Devices
Infrared Transmission
Narrowband Radio Transmission
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Repeaters and HubsRepeaters and HubsRepeater
Transmits data to
Hub ransm ts ata to a connecte
computers in a star topology
Hub
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BridgesBridges
Bridge
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RoutersRouters
Router Router
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Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference ModelOpen Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model
Application Layer Application Layer
Presentation Layer Presentation Layer
Session Layer Session Layer
ranspor ayer ranspor ayer
Network Layer Network Layer
Data Link Layer Data Link Layer
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Types of Data TransmissionsTypes of Data Transmissions
BroadcastUnicast
Multicast
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IP Address ClassesIP Address Classes
Class A Network IDNetwork ID Host ID
Class BNetwork IDNetwork ID Host ID
Class CNetwork IDNetwork ID Host ID
ww xx yy zz
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IP AddressesIP Addresses
192.168.2.100 192.168.3.100
192.168.1.100IP Address
192.168.1.0 192.168.3.0192.168.2.0
Network ID
192.168.1.100 192.168.2.101 Host ID
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SubnetsSubnets
Subnet 1 Subnet 2
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Router Router HubHub HubHub
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Addressing GuidelinesAddressing Guidelines
The First Number in the Network ID Cannot Be 127The First Number in the Network ID Cannot Be 127
e os anno e se os anno e s
The Host ID Cannot Be All ZerosThe Host ID Cannot Be All Zeros
The Host ID Must Be Unique to the Local Network IDThe Host ID Must Be Unique to the Local Network ID
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CIDR NotationCIDR Notation
IP 10 . 217 . 123 . 7 Address
00001010 11011001 01111011 00000111
SubnetMask
. . .11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000
Number of SubnetMask Bits (ones) 8 + 8 + 4 + 0 = 20
IP Address inCIDR Notation 10.217.123.7/20
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The InternetThe Internet
Server
InternetText, Audio, Video,and Graphics Data
Connection UsingTCP/IP Protocol
Client
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IntranetsIntranets
Internet
Extranet
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Uniform Resource Locator (URL)Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
. . .
• Protocol used (http://)
• DNS address (example.microsoft.com)
• Path on the server (/tutorial/default.html)
http://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.html
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Domain Naming System (DNS)Domain Naming System (DNS)
• Domain Name (example.microsoft.com) – Top-level domain (com) – Second-level domain (microsoft.com) com
– u omain examp e.microso t.com
.
example.microsoft.com
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Domain OrganizationDomain Organization
Domain
ores
nwtraders.msft oma noma n
Tree
Tree DomainDomainDomainDomain
DomainDomainsamerica.nwtraders.msftnamerica.nwtraders.msft
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Features of a DomainFeatures of a Domain
Single User AccountSingle User AccountSingle LogonSingle Logon
Centralized ManagementCentralized Management ca a tyca a ty
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Benefits of a DomainBenefits of a Domain
OrganizedOrganizedObjectsObjects
ParisEasy Location of Easy Location of
InformationInformation
Repair Sales
User1 Computer1 Printer1User2
Streamlined AccessStreamlined Access Delegated AuthorityDelegated Authority
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Internet ProtocolsInternet Protocols
•
• HTTPS Internet
•
• SMTPData
• NNTP•
onnec on s ng anInternet Protocol
• DHTML Client
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TCP/IP LayersTCP/IP Layers
Application Layer ApplicationFTPHTTP
Transport Layer Transport Layer Transport Layer UDPTCP
Internet Layer Internet Layer Internet Layer IP ICMP IGMP ARP
Network Interface Layer Network Interface Layer NetworkInterface Layer
Ethernet ATM
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k dd l ( )k dd l ( )
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Network Address Translators (NATs)Network Address Translators (NATs)
1192.168.0.10 w2.x2.y2.z2Web Server
Web Browser
Internetw1.x1.y1.z1
NAT
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Proxy ServersProxy Servers
AuthorizedWeb Site
InternetLAN
Proxy Server
RestrictedWeb Site
LAN
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