Chapter 12Chapter 12

Reconstruction and its effects

Lincoln’s Reconstruction planLincoln’s Reconstruction plan Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction 10% Plan Government would Pardon all Confederates

except high ranking officials and those accused of war crimes

After 10% of those on the voting polls swore allegiance to the Union the confederate state could re-enter the Union

Lincoln’s Plan Cont’dLincoln’s Plan Cont’d

Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Virginia moved immediately to re-enter the Union

Radical Republicans Thought the plan was too moderate

Thaddeus Stevens wanted African Americans to be given full citizenship

Lincoln Would Not live to see the plan put into action

Lincoln Would Not live to see the plan put into action

John Wilkes Booth Southern Sympathizer Actor Assassinated Lincoln in

Ford’s theater

Andrew Johnson Takes the ReinsAndrew Johnson Takes the Reins Lincoln’s VP Became President on

Lincoln’s assassination Wanted to continue

Lincoln’s 10% plan Congress had other

plans

Wade Davis BillWade Davis Bill

Gave the power to control reconstruction to Congress and not the President

Also called for a majority of the voters to declare allegiance to the Union and not only 10 %

Lincoln Had vetoed the wade Davis bill by pocket veto, however when he was assassinated they passed the bill anyway

Freedman’s Bureau Provided shelter, food, clothing and Schools for newly freed slaves and poor whites

Freedman’s Bureau Provided shelter, food, clothing and Schools for newly freed slaves and poor whites

Congress passed the civil rights act of 1866Congress passed the civil rights act of 1866

Gave African Americans Citizenship Forbid the south from passing discriminatory

laws such as “Black Codes” Black Codes restored the institute of slavery in

south A result of this act was the passing of the

fourteenth Amendment

14th Amendment14th Amendment

“ All citizens are provided equal protection of the law under the constitution of the United States”

Major Reconstruction Acts

Legislation Provisions

Freedman’s Bureau Acts (1865-1866)

Offered assistance, such as medical and education to freed slaves and poor whites

Civil Rights Act of 1866 Granted Citizenship and equal protection under the law

Fourteenth Amendment 1866 Protection of citizens under the constitution

Reconstruction Act of 1867 Abolished governments formed in Confederate states, and divided those states into military zones

Fifteenth Amendment 1870 Voting rights for All males over the age of 21

Enforcement Act of 1870 Protecting the voting rights of African Americans

Military Districts in SouthMilitary Districts in South

Johnson ImpeachmentJohnson Impeachment

Andrew Johnson Violated the Tenure of Office act and Congress

tried to have him Impeached

Election of 1868Election of 1868

Ulysses S. Grant becomes the 17th President of the United States

15th Amendment15th Amendment

All males over the age of 21 have the right to vote regardless of previous condition of servitude

South in DisarraySouth in Disarray

Physical devastation Economy destroyed because of confederate

money Battle fields needed to be cleaned up to stop

spread of disease Public works programs

Two groups of people began to form in the southTwo groups of people began to form in the south

CarpetbaggersCarpetbaggers

ScalawagsScalawags

Problems faced by the government for the newly freed slaves

Problems faced by the government for the newly freed slaves

Slaves were unsure what to do with their new freedoms

Slaves were unsure what to do with their new freedoms

Allowed to travel without a pass Had no tools to work No land to farm No money to buy these things

Reunification of slave familiesReunification of slave families

Families were often sold separately Finding families difficult task One man walked 600 miles from Georgia to

North Carolina to find his wife and children Freedman’s bureau helped families reunify Ex-slaves were now allowed to marry

EducationEducation Slaves must be taught to

read and write 80% of freed slaves over

the age of 20 were illiterate

1877 600,000 blacks were enrolled in elementary school

ReligionReligion Slaves were very

spiritual Churches had to be

established for religious services

Baptist and Methodists

PoliticsPolitics Hiram Revels was first

Black Senator Local And state

governments began to see black involvement

Southern agriculture begins to evolve to a share cropper system

Southern agriculture begins to evolve to a share cropper system

40 acres and a mule40 acres and a mule

Southern Homestead ActSouthern Homestead Act

A few sharecroppers Make enough money

To become tenant farmers

Sharecroppers small plotof land and seed from the

landowners

SharecroppersBuy supplies

On credit

They plant crops

Sharecroppers give a portion Of harvest to landowner

Sharecroppers sell what Crop is left over for money

Sharecroppers use their Money to pay off debts

Cycle of povertyCycle of poverty

Reconstruction collapsesReconstruction collapses Violence (KKK) Economic

pressure Legislative

pressure Political power

shifts

Economic Turmoil Panic of 1873

Economic Turmoil Panic of 1873

Currency debate – whether to return the American currency system back to the gold standard

Currency debate – whether to return the American currency system back to the gold standard

Civil Rights setbacks in the Supreme Court

Date Decision’s Ruling

 1873

Slaughterhouse cases

Civil rights were ruled to state, rather than federal rights, therefore unprotected by the fourteenth amendment

1876

U.S. vs. Cruikshank

The fourteenth amendment did not grant the federal government the right to punish whites who oppressed blacks

1876 U. S. vs. Reece The fifteenth amendment was determined not to grant voting rights to anyone, but rather to restrict types of voter discrimination

RedemptionRedemption

Southern Democrats wanted to redeem the south

Wanted to take back over control Wanted to oust the Republicans out of southern

states

Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877 Southern Democrats wanted three things

Withdrawal of federal troops in Louisiana and South CarolinaWanted federal money to build a railroad from Texas to the west coast to enhance tradeWanted a conservative southerner appointed to the cabinetAllowed the Southern Democrats to have “Home Rule” which is what they were after

Legacy of ReconstructionLegacy of Reconstruction

FailureVoter discrimination not prohibitedNo land reformRacial Bias became a National not a regional problemSupreme court undermined the 14th and 15th Amendments

SuccessBlacks participated in governmentState Government began solving social problemsChurches, Families, and SchoolsBreak up of plantation14th and 15th Amendments were passed