chapter 13: acids & bases - welcome to dr. shanzer's flipped...

35
Name: Regents Chemistry: Dr. Shanzer Practice Packet Chapter 13: Acids & Bases 176

Upload: others

Post on 28-Jul-2020

12 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

Name:

Regents Chemistry: Dr. Shanzer

PracticePacketChapter13:Acids&Bases

176

Page 2: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts

Monoprotic acid - acids that contain only 1 hydrogen ion (H+) HNO3

Diprotic acid - acids that contain 2 hydrogen ion (H+) H2SO4

Conjugate acid – the particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion

Conjugate base – the particle that remains when an acid has donated a hydrogen ion

Hydronium ion (H3O+) – a water molecule that gains a hydrogen ion and becomes positivity charged

Arrhenius Acid – hydrogen-containing compounds that ionize or yield hydrogen ions (H+)

Arrhenius Base – compounds that ionize hydroxide ions (OH-)

Neutral Solution – an aqueous solution in which [H+] = [OH-]

Acidic Solution – a solution in which [H+] is greater than [OH-]

Basic Solution - a solution in which [H+] is less than [OH-]

pH – negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration pH = -log [H+]

Strong Acid - completely ionizes (separate into ions) greater [H+]

Strong Base - completely ionizes (separate into ions) greater [OH-]

Neutralization Reaction – a reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to

produce salt and water (neutral)

Equivalence Point – when the number of moles of hydrogen ions equals the number of moles of hydroxide ions

Titration – process of adding known concentration to determine the concentration of another solution

End point – the point in which the indicator changes color in a titration

177

Page 3: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

Characteristics

of

Acids & Bases

Chemistry 200 Video Lesson 13.1

Objective:How can we recognize characteristics of acids and bases?

How can we determine the difference between Arrhenius and Bronsted/Lowry acids and bases?

Acids&BasesAcids&Basescanberecognizedbytheirproperties.

• Dilutesolutionshaveasourtastelemons-->citricacid

vinegar-->aceticacidcarbonateddrinks-->carbonicacidtomato-->ascorbicacid

• Haveabittertaste&slippery,soapyfeel.soap,milkofmagnesia

ex:

ex:

Acids

Bases

AcidsTwotheoriesusedtoexplainthebehaviorofacids:

• asubstancethatreleaseshydrogenions[H+]inanaqueoussolutionex:HCl,H2SO4

• notallsubstancesthatcontainhydrogenareacids.CH4(methane)isnotanacidbecausethehydrogenatomsdonotionize.

ArrheniusAcid(SvanteArrhenius)

• A Hydrogen Ion is produced when a hydrogen atom

loses an electron to become a positive ion

• AHydroniumIon[H3O]+isformedwhenahydrogenionreactsw/H2O

TableE

178

Page 4: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

ex:HCl(g)-------->H3O+(aq)+Cl-(aq)H2O

Arrheniusacidscanbedividedinto2maincategoriesInorganicAcid• anacidthatstartsw/hydrogen&doesnothavecarbon

ex:HCl,H2SO4

OrganicAcid• anacidthathascarbon&endsw/COOH

(CarboxylGroup)

ex:CH3COOH(ethanoicacid)HCOOH(methanoicacid)

AnArrheniusacidcansometimesyieldmorethanonehydrogenioninaqueoussolution

MonoproticAcid

• acidsthatproduceasinglehydrogenion(ionizesin1step) ex:HCl+H2O-->H3O++Cl-

DiproticAcid

• acidsthatproduce2hydrogenions(ionizesin2steps)

ex:H2SO4-->H++HSO4-(step1)HSO4--->H++SO4-2(step2)Triproticacids:3hydrogenionsex:H3PO4

TheBrønsted-Lowrytheoryfocusessolelyonthehydrogenionasaproton&canbeusedtofurtherexplainacidbehavior:

Brønsted-LowryAcid• anyspecies(anyparticle:atom,moleculeorion)thatcandonateaproton[H+]toanotherspecies(aprotondonor)

• allArrheniusacidsarealsoBrønsted-Lowryacids

ex:HCl(g)+H2O(l)-->H3O+(aq)+Cl-(aq)

• accordingtoBrønsted-Lowry,HClisanacidbecauseitdonatesaproton(H+)

BasesTheoriesusedtoexplainacidbehaviorcanalsobeusedto

explainbasesaswellArrheniusBase

• asubstancethatreleaseshydroxideions[OH-]inanaqueoussolution

ex:NaOH------>Na+(aq)+OH-(aq)H2O

AnAlcoholshouldnotbeconfusedw/anArrheniusBaseasitdoesnotformahydroxideion[OH-]inan(aq)solution,thereforeitisNOTabase!!!

CH3OH

C2H5OH

Brønsted-LowryBase• anyspeciesthatcanacceptaproton[H+]fromanotherspecies-->aprotonacceptor

• accordingtoArrhenius,onlymetallichydroxidesarebases

• Brønsted-LowrydeUinitionsexplainwhyasubstancethathasno[OH-],likeNH3,behaveslikeabaseinH2O

ex:NH3+H2O-->NH4++OH-

179

Page 5: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

Amphiprotic(Amphoteric)

• asubstancethatcanactasanacidorabase

ex:H2O

NH3+H2O-->NH4++OH-

HCl+H2O-->H3O++Cl-Base

Acid

Electrolytes

Chemistry 200 Video Lesson 13.2

Objective:How do we determine which acids and bases are strong or weak electrolytes?

Electrolytes

Ex: Acids

Bases

Salts

• are substances that have mobile ions when put into

solution (aq). This allows it to conduct electricity.

AWeakAcidisaweakelectrolytebecauseitpartiallyionizesinwatertoproduceasmallnumberofH+ionsinsolution.

AStrongAcidisastrongelectrolytebecauseitcompletelyionizesinwatertoproducealargenumberofH+ionsinsolution.

180

Page 6: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

AStrongBaseisastrongelectrolytebecauseitcompletelyionizesinwatertoproducealargenumberofOH-ionsinsolution

AWeakBaseisaweakelectrolytebecauseitpartiallyionizesinwatertoproduceasmallnumberofOH-ionsinsolution.

ex:

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) --> NaCl(aq) + HOH(l)

Acid/Base Reactions

• Acid react with a base to produce a salt and water

Acid/Metal Reactions

• Acids react with a metal to produce

a salt and hydrogen gas (H2(g))

2HNO3(aq) + Ca(s) --> Ca(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g)

ex:

2HCl(aq) + Cu(s) --> CuCl2(aq) + H2(g)

NO REACTION!!

Conjugate Acid-

Base pairsVideo Lesson 13.3

Objectives• Compare and contrast acids and bases as

defined by the theories of Arrhenius andBronsted-Lowry (alternate acid/basetheory).

• QUESTION: Why is ammonia (NH3) a base?

181

Page 7: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

• Explains the behavior of WEAK acids and BASES (Na2CO3& NH3)

• Bronsted-Lowry Acids are PROTON DONORS o The prefer to give away a proton (H+)

Alternate Acid-Base Theory

AKA Bronsted-Lowry Theory• Bronsted-Lowry Bases are PROTON ACCEPTORS

Alternate Acid Base

Theory

• An acid is a H+ donor while a base is a H+ acceptor. • The substance produced when an acid

has donated its proton is called theconjugate base.

• The substance produced when thebase accepts a H+ is called theconjugate acid

Conjugate Acid/Base Pairs Label the acids and bases according to Bronsted-Lowry:

Acid

Conjugate Base

Base Conjugate Acid

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

Practice

Label conjugate acid base pairs in the following equation

Acid

Base

c. base

c. acid

Practice

pH & Acid-Base

IndicatorsVideo Lesson 13.4

182

Page 8: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

Objectives• Describe how [H+] and [OH-] are related in

an aqueous solution.• Classify a solution as neutral, acidic or basic.• Describe the purpose of an acid-base

indicator.

The pH Scale• pH = direct measurement of H+ ion concentration in

a solution • “power of hydrogen”

H+H+H+H+ H+

OH-OH-OH-OH-

O 7 14

Acidic Neutral Basic

• The pH scale is logarithmic o Based on exponents of the number 10

• The pH of a solution is the negative log of the [H+] or [OH-] ions

Logarithmic

• Each change in a single pH unit signifies a tenfoldchange in [H+] concentration

A Tenfold Change

• Indicator o A substance that changes color as a result of a

pH change • Table M• Example: Phenolphthalein à colorless up until a pH

of 8, light pink from 8 to 9 and pink from pH of 9 up

Acid-Base Indicators

183

Page 9: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

pH = 5 pH = 11

Acid-Base

TitrationVideo Lesson 13.5

Objectives• Define products of an acid-base reaction.• Explain how acid-base titration is used to

calculate the concentration of an acid orbase.

• Explain the concept of equivalence inneutralization reactions.

184

Page 10: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

Neutralization Reactions• Neutral

o Neither acidic nor basic o Equal concentrations of H+ and OH-

o Occurs when Arrhenius acid and an Arrhenius base react to form water and salt

Acid + Base à Salt + Water

HCl + KOH à KCl + HOH

Double Replacement!

+1 -1 -1+1 +1 -1

Salt

Or

Ionic Substance

Water

Acid Base

+1 -1

Neutralization Reactions

• Stomach acido pH between 2-3

• Heart burn o Happens when pH

level drops in the stomach

• Milk of Magnesia bringsthe pH up

• Mg(OH)2

Magnesium hydroxide

Acid-Base Titration• Titrations are used to calculate the concentration

(Molarity) of an unknown solution. • Lab process in which an unknown solution is

systematically reacted with a solution of known concentration by adding measured volumes of an acid or a base to the unknown until neutralization occurs.

• In all neutralizationreactions there mustbe a 1:1 ratio of molesof H+ ions and moles ofOH- ions.

• Equivalence Pointo [H+] = [OH-]

185

Page 11: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

Example #1• What is the concentration of a solution of HI if 0.3 L is

neutralized by 0.6 L of 0.2 M solution of KOH?

Example #2

• You have 50 mL of 1.0 M H2SO4 (aq). What volume of 0.5 M NaOH would be required to neutralize the acid? (Diprotic Acids yield 2 H+ ions in solution!)

186

Page 12: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

Sketch Notes

16187

Page 13: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

PracticePacket:AcidsandBases

http://drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com

Video13.1:CharacteristicsofAcidsandBases

Acid/Base/SaltCharacteristics:Onthelinetotheleft,writeAifthestatementisapropertyofanacid,writeBifthepropertyisthatofabase,andwriteX,ifitisapropertyofbothacidicandbasicsolutions.

Completethechart.

Answerthefollowingquestions

1. _____Whichspeciescanconductanelectriccurrent?1. H2O(s)2. CH3OH(aq)

3. NaOH(s)4. HCl(aq)

2. _____AccordingtoArrheniustheory,whichspeciesdoesanacidproduceinaqueoussolution?

1. hydroxideions2. sodiumions

3. hydrogenions4. chlorideions

3. _____WhichsubstanceisanArrheniusacid?1. Mg(OH)2(aq)2. LiF(aq)

3. CH3CHO(aq)4. HBr(aq)

4. _____AccordingtotheArrheniustheory,whenabaseisdissolvedinwater,itproducesasolutioncontainingonlyonekindofnegativeion.Whatisthenameofthisnegativeion?

1. hydrogensulfateion2. hydrogencarbonateion

3. hydrideion4. hydroxideion

5. IntermsofH+ions,explainthedifferencebetweenmonoprotic,diproticandtriproticacids.

Substance Acid,BaseorSalt?

Howdoyouknow?

1. NaOH2. HCl3. NaCl4. HF5. K2SO46. Fe(OH)37. H3PO4

188

Continue to Question #6 on page 190

Page 14: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

$UUKHQLXV�$FLGV�DQG�%DVHV 13.1 Continued

$�%�&�'�

�� :KLFK�FRPSRXQGV�DUH�FODVVLILHG�DV�$UUKHQLXV�DFLGV"

$� WKH�EHKDYLRU�RI�PDQ\�DFLGV�DQG�EDVHV%� WKH�HIIHFW�RI�VWUHVV�RQ�D�SKDVH�HTXLOLEULXP&� WKH�RSHUDWLRQ�RI�DQ�HOHFWURFKHPLFDO�FHOO'� WKH�VSRQWDQHRXV�GHFD\�RI�VRPH�QXFOHL

�� :KDW�FDQ�EH�H[SODLQHG�E\�WKH�$UUKHQLXV�WKHRU\"

$� 2+±�LRQV %� 2�±�LRQV&� .��LRQV '� +��LRQV

�� 3RWDVVLXP�K\GUR[LGH�LV�FODVVLILHG�DV�DQ�$UUKHQLXVEDVH�EHFDXVH�.2+�FRQWDLQV

$� D�VDOW %� D�K\GURFDUERQ&� DQ�$UUKHQLXV�DFLG '� DQ�$UUKHQLXV�EDVH

�� :KHQ�RQH�FRPSRXQG�GLVVROYHV�LQ�ZDWHU��WKH�RQO\SRVLWLYH�LRQ�SURGXFHG�LQ�WKH�VROXWLRQ�LV+�2���DT���7KLV�FRPSRXQG�LV�FODVVLILHG�DV

$� K\GUR[LGH %� K\GURQLXP&� K\SRFKORULWH '� SHUFKORUDWH

�� *LYHQ�WKH�HTXDWLRQ�

+&O�J����+�2� ��� �;�DT����&O±�DT�:KLFK�LRQ�LV�UHSUHVHQWHG�E\�;"

$� DPPRQLXP�LRQ %� K\GURQLXP�LRQ&� K\GUR[LGH�LRQ '� VXOIDWH�LRQ

�� 7KH�RQO\�SRVLWLYH�LRQ�IRXQG�LQ�+�62��DT��LV�WKH

$� %D�2+�� %� &+�&22&+�

&� +�32� '� 1D&O

�� :KLFK�VXEVWDQFH�LV�DQ�$UUKHQLXV�DFLG"

$� &+�&22+�DQG�&+�&+�2+%� +&�+�2���DQG�+�32�

&� .+&2���DQG�.+62�

'� 1D6&1�DQG�1D�6�2

�� :KLFK�WZR�IRUPXODV�UHSUHVHQW�$UUKHQLXV�DFLGV"

$� +&�+�2��DT����1D2+�DT�� �1D&�+�2��DT���+�2� �

%� &�+��J������2��J�� ���&2��J������+�2� �&� =Q�V������+&O�DT�� �=Q&O��DT����+��J�'� %D&O��DT����1D�62��DT� �%D62��V�����

1D&O�DT�

�� :KLFK�FKHPLFDO�HTXDWLRQ�UHSUHVHQWV�WKH�UHDFWLRQ�RI�DQ$UUKHQLXV�DFLG�DQG�DQ�$UUKHQLXV�EDVH"

$� &2��±�DV�WKH�RQO\�QHJDWLYH�LRQ�LQ�VROXWLRQ%� 2+±�DV�WKH�RQO\�QHJDWLYH�LRQ�LQ�VROXWLRQ&� 1+���DV�WKH�RQO\�SRVLWLYH�LRQ�LQ�VROXWLRQ'� +��DV�WKH�RQO\�SRVLWLYH�LRQ�LQ�VROXWLRQ

��� $FFRUGLQJ�WR�WKH�$UUKHQLXV�WKHRU\��ZKHQ�D�EDVHGLVVROYHV�LQ�ZDWHU�LW�SURGXFHV

$� 0J�2+�� %� &�+��2+��&� 0J&O� '� &+�&O

��� :KLFK�VXEVWDQFH�\LHOGV�K\GUR[LGH�LRQ�DV�WKH�RQO\QHJDWLYH�LRQ�LQ�DTXHRXV�VROXWLRQ"

$� .2+��&D�2+����DQG�&+�2+%� .2+��1D2+��DQG�/L2+&� /L2+��&D�2+����DQG�&�+��2+��'� 1D2+��&D�2+����DQG�&+�&22+

��� $FFRUGLQJ�WR�WKH�$UUKHQLXV�WKHRU\��ZKLFK�OLVW�RIFRPSRXQGV�LQFOXGHV�RQO\�EDVHV"

189

Page 15: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

PracticePacket:AcidsandBases

http://mintzchemistry.weebly.com

6. Identifyeachofthefollowingacidsasmonoprotic,diproticortriproticandstatehowmanyH+ionsarereleasedinsolution.

1. H2CO32. H3PO43. HNO34. CH3COOH

5. H2SO46. HCl7. C2H5COOH8. H2S

Video13.2:Electrolytes

Answerthequestionsbelowbasedontheinformationaboveandonyourknowledgeofchemistry.1. Usingthediagrambelow,drawadiagramofthemoleculeformedwhenonehydrogen

(proton)ispulledoffonewatermoleculeandattachedtoanother.

2. Whataretheformulasoftheionsformed?

3. Writeanequationshowingtheformationoftheionsfromtwomoleculesofwater.

4. Thehydroniumion(H3O+)andthehydroxideion(OH-)areformedbythereactionbetweenwatermolecules.Whatwouldformfromthereactionbetweenhydroniumandhydroxideions?Writeanequationshowingthereaction.

5. Howdoesthereactionbetweenwatermoleculescomparetothereactionbetweenhydroniumandhydroxideions?

6. Purewaterisactuallyamixtureofwatermolecules,hydroniumions,andhydroxideions:

a. Howdoestheconcentrationofhydroxideionscomparetotheconcentrationofhydroniumionsinpurewater?Explain

b. Howdoestheconcentrationofionscomparetotheconcentrationofmoleculesinpurewater?

190

Page 16: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

(OHFWURO\WHV

$�%�&�'�

�� :KLFK�WZR�FRPSRXQGV�DUH�HOHFWURO\WHV"

$� VDWXUDWHG�K\GURFDUERQV %� DOFRKROV&� DON\QHV '� RUJDQLF�DFLGV

�� :KLFK�FRPSRXQGV�FDQ�EH�FODVVLILHG�DV�HOHFWURO\WHV"

$� HOHFWULFDO�FRQGXFWLYLW\�RI�.&O�DT�%� S+�RI�.&O�V�&� HOHFWULFDO�FRQGXFWLYLW\�RI�.&O�V�'� S+�RI�.&O�DT�

�� :KLFK�ODERUDWRU\�WHVW�UHVXOW�FDQ�EH�XVHG�WR�GHWHUPLQH�LI�.&O�V��LVDQ�HOHFWURO\WH"

$� ����/�RI�����0�+&,�DT�%� ����/�RI�����0�+&,�DT�&� ����/�RI������0�+&,�DT�'� ����/�RI������0�+&,�DT�

�� :KLFK�VDPSOH�RI�+&,�DT��FRQWDLQV�WKH�JUHDWHVW�QXPEHU�RI�PROHVRI�VROXWH�SDUWLFOHV"

$� LQFUHDVHV�EHFDXVH�WKH�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI�LRQV�GHFUHDVHV%� GHFUHDVHV��EXW�WKH�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI�LRQV�UHPDLQV�WKH�VDPH&� LQFUHDVHV��EXW�WKH�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI�LRQV�UHPDLQV�WKH�VDPH'� GHFUHDVHV�EHFDXVH�WKH�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI�LRQV�GHFUHDVHV

�� $V�ZDWHU�LV�DGGHG�WR�D������0�1D&O�DTXHRXV�VROXWLRQ��WKHFRQGXFWLYLW\�RI�WKH�UHVXOWLQJ�VROXWLRQ

$� &�+�2+ %� &&��&� &+�&22+ '� &+�

�� :KLFK�FRPSRXQG�GLVVROYHV�LQ�ZDWHU�WR�IRUP�DQ�DTXHRXV�VROXWLRQWKDW�FDQ�FRQGXFW�DQ�HOHFWULF�FXUUHQW"

$� /L2+ %� /L%U &� &+�2+ '� +%U

�� $�VWXGHQW�WHVWHG�D�����0�DTXHRXV�VROXWLRQ�DQG�PDGH�WKHIROORZLQJ�REVHUYDWLRQV�� FRQGXFWV�HOHFWULFLW\� WXUQV�EOXH�OLWPXV�WR�UHG� UHDFWV�ZLWK�=Q�V��WR�SURGXFH�JDV�EXEEOHV

:KLFK�FRPSRXQG�FRXOG�EH�WKH�VROXWH�LQ�WKLV�VROXWLRQ"

$� ����0�1D2+ %� �����0�1D2+&� �����0�&+�2+ '� ����0�&+�2+

�� :KLFK�RI�WKH�IROORZLQJ�DTXHRXV�VROXWLRQV�LV�WKH�EHVW�FRQGXFWRU�RIHOHFWULFLW\"

$� EDULXP�VXOIDWH %� VRGLXP�QLWUDWH&� VLOYHU�FKORULGH '� PDJQHVLXP�FDUERQDWH

�� %DVHG�RQ�5HIHUHQFH�7DEOH�)��ZKLFK�RI�WKHVH�VDOWV�LV�WKH�EHVWHOHFWURO\WH"

$� .�62��DT� %� 1D&O�DT�&� +&O�DT� '� &�+��2��DT�

��� $Q�H[DPSOH�RI�D�QRQHOHFWURO\WH�LV

$� &��+��2���DT� %� /L2+�DT�&� &�+O�2��DT� '� &+�2+�DT�

��� 7KH�GLDJUDP�EHORZ�VKRZV�DQ�DSSDUDWXV�XVHG�WR�WHVW�WKHFRQGXFWLYLW\�RI�YDULRXV�PDWHULDOV�

:KLFK�DTXHRXV�VROXWLRQ�ZLOO�FDXVH�WKH�EXOE�WR�OLJKW"

$� $�DQG�' %� &�DQG�'&� %�DQG�& '� $�DQG�%

��� %HDNHUV�$��%��&��DQG�'�VKRZQ�EHORZ�HDFK�FRQWDLQ�D�GLIIHUHQWVROXWLRQ�

7KH�EXOE�ZLOO�JORZ�ZKHQ�WKH�FRQGXFWLYLW\�DSSDUDWXV�LV�SODFHGLQWR�ZKLFK�EHDNHUV"

191

Page 17: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

PracticePacket:AcidsandBases

http://drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com

Completethefollowingreactions,balanceandindicatephaseoftheproducts

1. ____HNO3(aq)+____Mg(s)à

2. ____H2SO4(aq)+____Li(s)à

3. ____HBr(aq)+____Zn(s)à

4. Aluminummetalreactsw/phosphoricacid.

5. Calciummetalreactsw/hydrochloricacid

UsingTableJanswerthefollowingquestions.

1. Whydoesgoldoccuruncombinedwhereaszincdoesnot?_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Whywassilverusedtomakecoinsinthepast?_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Whyiscopperusedtomakeelectricalwiresandcables?_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. WhydoweknowlittleaboutthelifestylesofthepeopleoftheIronAge?_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Video13.3:ConjugateAcid-BasePairsOperationalDefinition:Acidsandbasesarechemicalspeciesthatexhibitdistinctivesetsofobservableproperties.Acidstastesour,basesarebitter.

ConceptualDefinitions:Acidsandbasesaredefinedconceptuallytohelpaccountforwhatishappeningonthemicroscopiclevel.

ArrheniusConcept:Anacidisasubstancethatwhendissolvedinwaterformshydrogenions(H+).Abaseisasubstancethatwhendissolvedinwaterproduceshydroxideions(OH-).ThisconceptislimitedbecauseotherchemicalshaveoperationalacidorbasepropertiesbutdonotformH+orOH-.Anexamplewouldbeammonia(NH3)hasbasicpropertiesbutdoesn’tcontainhydroxideions.

AlternateAcidBaseConcept(Bronsted-Lowry):Anacidisaproton(H+)donorandabaseisaproton(H+)acceptor.

192

Page 18: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

PracticePacket:AcidsandBases

http://drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com

HF+H2O⇔H3O++F- AcidBaseC.AcidC.Base

Fillinthefollowingtable.Identifytheacid,base,conjugateacidandconjugatebaseineachoftheequations.

6. Writetheequationthatshowsammonia,NH3reactingwithhydrobromicacid,HBr.Labeltheacid,thebase,theconjugateacidandtheconjugatebase.

7. Writetheequationthatshowsthereactionofhydrogensulfide,HS-withhydroxideion,OH-.Labeltheacid,thebase,theconjugateacidandtheconjugatebase.

Video13.4:pH&Acid-BaseIndicatorsIndicators:GiventhepHofthefollowingsubstances,usetableMofyourreferencetodeterminewhatcolortheindicatorwillturnwhenplacedineachsubstance.

Equation Acid Base ConjugateAcid

ConjugateBase

1. HCl+NH3àNH4+Cl-

2. PO43-+HNO3àNO3-+HPO42-

3. HCO3-+OH-àH2O+CO32-

4. NH4++H2OàNH3+H3O+

5. HPO42-+H2OàOH-H2PO4-

Solution pHRange

MethylOrange

Bromothymolblue

Phenolphthalein Litmus Bromocresolgreen

Thymolblue

Acid/Base

Vinegar 1.3Soap 8.4Cola 3.2Ammonia 12Coffee 5.2

193

Page 19: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

$OWHUQDWH�$FLG�%DVH�7KHRU\

�� DFFHSWV�DQ� LRQ�� GRQDWHV�DQ� �LRQ�� DFFHSWV�DQ� �LRQ�� GRQDWHV�DQ� �LRQ

�� $FFRUGLQJ�WR�RQH�DFLG�EDVH�WKHRU\��1+��DFWV�DV�DEDVH�ZKHQ�DQ�1+��PROHFXOH

�� ���� ��

�� $FFRUGLQJ�WR�RQH�DFLG�EDVH�WKHRU\��D�EDVH�LV�DQ

�� DQ�DOFRKRO �� DQ�DFLG�� D�EDVH �� D�VDOW

�� $�VXEVWDQFH�WKDW�GLVVROYHV�LQ�ZDWHU�DQG�SURGXFHVK\GURQLXP�LRQV�DV�WKH�RQO\�SRVLWLYH�LRQV�LQ�WKHVROXWLRQ�LV�FODVVLILHG�DV

�� D�EDVH�EHFDXVH�LW�DFFHSWV�DQ�+�

�� D�EDVH�EHFDXVH�LW�GRQDWHV�DQ�+�

�� DQ�DFLG�EHFDXVH�LW�DFFHSWV�DQ�+�

�� DQ�DFLG�EHFDXVH�LW�GRQDWHV�DQ�+�

�� *LYHQ�WKH�GLDJUDP�UHSUHVHQWLQJ�D�UHDFWLRQ�

$FFRUGLQJ�WR�RQH�DFLG�EDVH�WKHRU\��WKH�ZDWHU�DFWVDV

�� D�EDVH�EHFDXVH�WKH\�DFFHSW�+��LRQV �� D�EDVH�EHFDXVH�WKH\�GRQDWH�+��LRQV�� DQ�DFLG�EHFDXVH�WKH\�DFFHSW�+��LRQV �� DQ�DFLG�EHFDXVH�WKH\�GRQDWH�+��LRQV

�� *LYHQ�WKH�EDODQFHG�HTXDWLRQ�UHSUHVHQWLQJ�D�UHDFWLRQ�

$FFRUGLQJ�WR�RQH�DFLG�EDVH�WKHRU\��WKH�+�2� ��PROHFXOHV�DFW�DV

�� +��GRQRU �� +��DFFHSWRU�� +�GRQRU �� +�DFFHSWRU

�� 2QH�DFLG�EDVH�WKHRU\�GHILQHV�D�EDVH�DV�DQ

�� +��GRQRU �� +��DFFHSWRU�� 2+��GRQRU �� 2+��DFFHSWRU

�� 2QH�DOWHUQDWH�DFLG�EDVH�WKHRU\�VWDWHV�WKDW�DQ�DFLG�LVDQ

194

Page 20: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

�� DQ�DFLG�EHFDXVH�WKH\�DFFHSW�+��LRQV�� DQ�DFLG�EHFDXVH�WKH\�GRQDWH�+��LRQV�� D�EDVH�EHFDXVH�WKH\�DFFHSW�+��LRQV�� D�EDVH�EHFDXVH�WKH\�GRQDWH�+��LRQV

�� *LYHQ�WKH�EDODQFHG�HTXDWLRQ�UHSUHVHQWLQJ�DUHDFWLRQ�

1+��J����+�2� �� 1+����DT����2+±�DT�$FFRUGLQJ�WR�RQH�DFLG�EDVH�WKHRU\��WKH�1+��J�PROHFXOHV�DFW�DV

�� +�2� � �� 1+��J��� 1+���DT� �� 2+±�DT�

�� *LYHQ�WKH�HTXDWLRQ�UHSUHVHQWLQJ�D�UHDFWLRQ�DWHTXLOLEULXP�

1+��J���+�2� �� 1+����DT����2+±�DT�

7KH�+��DFFHSWRU�IRU�WKH�IRUZDUG�UHDFWLRQ�LV

�� EDVH �� DFLG�� SURWRQ�DFFHSWRU �� HOHFWURQ�GRQRU

��� *LYHQ�WKH�UHDFWLRQ������������

1+����+�2�l�1+�����2+±

7KH�ZDWHU�DFWV�DV�WKH

195

Page 21: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

S+��$FLG�%DVH�,QGLFDWRUV

�� GHFUHDVHG�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI���� GHFUHDVHG�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI����� LQFUHDVHG�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI���� LQFUHDVHG�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI���

�� :KHQ�WKH�S+�RI�DQ�DTXHRXV�VROXWLRQ�LV�FKDQJHGIURP���WR����WKH�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI�K\GURQLXP�LRQVLQ�WKH�VROXWLRQ�LV

�� GHFUHDVHV�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI����� LQFUHDVHV�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI����� GHFUHDVHV�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI������ LQFUHDVHV�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI����

�� :KHQ�WKH�S+�RI�D�VROXWLRQ�LV�FKDQJHG�IURP���WR���WKH�K\GURQLXP�LRQ�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI�WKH�VROXWLRQ

�� GHFUHDVHV���S+�XQLW�� GHFUHDVHV����S+�XQLWV�� LQFUHDVHV���S+�XQLW�� LQFUHDVHV����S+�XQLWV

�� :KHQ�WKH�K\GURQLXP�LRQ�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI�DVROXWLRQ�LV�LQFUHDVHG�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI�����WKH�S+YDOXH�RI�WKH�VROXWLRQ

�� GHFUHDVHV���S+�XQLW�� GHFUHDVHV����S+�XQLWV�� LQFUHDVHV���S+�XQLW�� LQFUHDVHV����S+�XQLWV

�� :KHQ�WKH�K\GURQLXP�LRQ�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI�DVROXWLRQ�LV�LQFUHDVHG�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI�����WKH�S+YDOXH�RI�WKH�VROXWLRQ

�� GHFUHDVHV�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI���� LQFUHDVHV�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI���� GHFUHDVHV�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI����� LQFUHDVHV�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI���

�� :KHQ�WKH�S+�YDOXH�RI�D�VROXWLRQ�LV�FKDQJHG�IURP��WR����WKH�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI�K\GURQLXP�LRQV

�� S+��WR�S+�� �� S+���WR�S+���� S+���WR�S+�� �� S+���WR�S+��

�� :KLFK�FKDQJH�LQ�S+�UHSUHVHQWV�D�KXQGUHGIROGLQFUHDVH�LQ�WKH�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI�K\GURQLXP�LRQV�LQD�VROXWLRQ"

�� � �� � �� � �� �

�� :KDW�LV�WKH�S+�RI�D�VROXWLRQ�WKDW�KDV�D�K\GURQLXPLRQ�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�����WLPHV�JUHDWHU�WKDQ�D�VROXWLRQZLWK�D�S+�RI��"

�� LQFUHDVHV�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI���� LQFUHDVHV�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI������� GHFUHDVHV�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI���� GHFUHDVHV�E\�D�IDFWRU�RI�����

�� $V�WKH�S+�RI�D�VROXWLRQ�LV�FKDQJHG�IURP���WR����WKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI�K\GURQLXP�LRQV

�� � �� � �� � �� ��

�� :KLFK�S+�LQGLFDWHV�D�EDVLF�VROXWLRQ"

�� � �� � �� �� �� ��

��� :KLFK�RI�WKHVH�S+�QXPEHUV�LQGLFDWHV�WKH�KLJKHVWOHYHO�RI�DFLGLW\"

�� � �� � �� � �� ��

��� 3KHQROSKWKDOHLQ�LV�SLQN�LQ�DQ�DTXHRXV�VROXWLRQKDYLQJ�D�S+�RI

�� UHG �� EOXH�� SLQN �� \HOORZ

��� :KDW�LV�WKH�FRORU�RI�WKH�LQGLFDWRU�WK\PRO�EOXH�LQ�DVROXWLRQ�WKDW�KDV�D�S+�RI���"

�� ��� �� ��� �� ��� �� ���

��� 7KUHH�VDPSOHV�RI�WKH�VDPH�VROXWLRQ�DUH�WHVWHG�HDFK�ZLWK�D�GLIIHUHQW�LQGLFDWRU��$OO�WKUHHLQGLFDWRUV��EURPWK\PRO�EOXH��EURPFUHVRO�JUHHQDQG�WK\PRO�EOXH��DSSHDU�EOXH�LI�WKH�S+�RI�WKHVROXWLRQ�LV

�� D�VROXWLRQ�LQ�ZKLFK�EURPWK\PRO�EOXH�LV�EOXH�� D�VROXWLRQ�LQ�ZKLFK�EURPFUHVRO�JUHHQ�LV�EOXH�� D�VROXWLRQ�LQ�ZKLFK�SKHQROSKWKDOHLQ�LV�SLQN�� D�VROXWLRQ�LQ�ZKLFK�PHWK\O�RUDQJH�LV�UHG

��� %DVHG�RQ�WKH�UHVXOWV�RI�WHVWLQJ�FRORUOHVV�VROXWLRQVZLWK�LQGLFDWRUV��ZKLFK�VROXWLRQ�LV�PRVW�DFLGLF"

�� EURPWK\PRO�EOXH �� EURPFUHVRO�JUHHQ�� OLWPXV �� WK\PRO�EOXH

��� :KLFK�LQGLFDWRU�ZRXOG�EHVW�GLVWLQJXLVK�EHWZHHQ�DVROXWLRQ�ZLWK�D�S+�RI�����DQG�D�VROXWLRQ�ZLWK�DS+�RI����

196

Page 22: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

Modeling Neutralization Reactions Engage:

● Predict what will happen to the pH when equal volumes of acid and base are combined?● Test pH of solutions then mix together. Test pH of resulting solution after mixing. Make

observations● Test conductivity before and after

Activity: 1. Write the balanced neutralization reaction for the reaction of HCl and NaOH similar to

the one you saw in the “Upset Tummy” phenomena. 2. Using the key, draw particle models to represent the reaction before and after mixing.

Draw five dissociated acid particles in beaker 1 and five dissociated base particles in beaker 2.

3. Match each hydrogen ion in beaker one with one hydroxide ion in beaker two. Thendraw the number of water molecules that form in beaker three.

Key: H+ =

Cl-1 =

Na+ =

OH-1 =

4. What was the pH of the resulting solution?

5. In a second neutralization reaction H2SO4 and NaOH are mixed. Using the key below,draw three dissociated acid particles in beaker one and three dissociated base particlesin beaker two.

197

Page 23: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

Modeling Neutralization Reactions Engage:

● Predict what will happen to the pH when equal volumes of acid and base are combined?● Test pH of solutions then mix together. Test pH of resulting solution after mixing. Make

observations● Test conductivity before and after

Activity: 1. Write the balanced neutralization reaction for the reaction of HCl and NaOH similar to

the one you saw in the “Upset Tummy” phenomena. 2. Using the key, draw particle models to represent the reaction before and after mixing.

Draw five dissociated acid particles in beaker 1 and five dissociated base particles in beaker 2.

3. Match each hydrogen ion in beaker one with one hydroxide ion in beaker two. Thendraw the number of water molecules that form in beaker three.

Key: H+ =

Cl-1 =

Na+ =

OH-1 =

4. What was the pH of the resulting solution?

5. In a second neutralization reaction H2SO4 and NaOH are mixed. Using the key below,draw three dissociated acid particles in beaker one and three dissociated base particlesin beaker two.

198

Page 24: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

6. Match each hydrogen ion in beaker one with one hydroxide ion in beaker two. Thendraw the number of water molecules that form in beaker three. Draw the remaining ions in breaker three.

Key: H+ =

SO4-2 =

Na+ =

OH-1 =

7. What additional ion(s) would be needed to neutralize the solution? How many more wouldyou need?

8.Draw a model below to justify that neutralization has occurred.

8. Write the balanced equation for the complete neutralization of H2SO4 and NaOH .

199

Page 25: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

6. Match each hydrogen ion in beaker one with one hydroxide ion in beaker two. Thendraw the number of water molecules that form in beaker three. Draw the remaining ions in breaker three.

Key: H+ =

SO4-2 =

Na+ =

OH-1 =

7. What additional ion(s) would be needed to neutralize the solution? How many more wouldyou need?

8.Draw a model below to justify that neutralization has occurred.

8. Write the balanced equation for the complete neutralization of H2SO4 and NaOH .

200

Page 26: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

Titration and Neutralization Calculations

Do Now: Using your knowledge of chemistry, fill in each blank to complete the statements.

1. The chemicals HCl, HBr, HNO3, H2SO4 are all categorized as acids because when dissolved in water they

produce a _________________ ion.

2. The chemicals NaOH, LiOH, and Ca(OH)2 are all categorized as bases because when dissolved in water

they produce a ______________ ion.

3. When acids react with bases the reaction is known as a _______________________ reaction because

the properties of the original acid and base are lost to form a ______________ and water.

4. Calculate the Molarity of an acid created by dissolving 73.0g of HCl in 200.0mL if solution.

5. Calculate the moles of NaOH dissolved in a 2.0M basic solution with a total volume of 500.0mL.

READ ME! Titrations are procedures used to determine the concentration or Molarity (M) of an

unknown acid or a base. The acid and base solutions are combined together in a ratio of 1 mole of Acid for

every 1 mole of Base, thus neutralizing the reaction. Observe the titration set up below. A student placed

20.00mL of an unknown acid and two drops of phenolphthalein indicator in the flask. Then the student added

the known base dropwise until the solution was neutralized (indicated by the color change of the

phenolphthalein). Answer questions 1 through 4.

Titration setup Read the volume of the base that was released from the burette

If the base concentration was known to be 2.00M, calculate the number of moles of basic ion are dissolved in the solution.

If the solution in the flask is now neutral, how many moles of acid ion are in the flask?

Calculate the molarity of the unknown acid.

201

Page 27: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

Using the equation on Reference Table T, you can solve for either the molarity/concentration (M) or a volume added (V) using the titration formula:

MA= molarity of H+ VA = volume of acid

MB = molarity of OH– VB = volume of base

5. What unit of measurement is obtained when the Molarity of a solution is multiplied by the volume (inliters) of the solution?

6. Explain why the Titration formula is mathematically accurate for finding the concentration of solutionwhen the solution is neutralized.

Notice that the Molarity formula requires the volume to be calculated in Liters. However, the titration formula has no such requirement, as long as the volume unit of measurement is the same for both VA and VB. Since the titration formula has two volumes, the volume unit of measurement will cancel out. Therefore, converting the units will also cancel out. Perform the calculations in question 7 to prove this rule.

7. A 100.00mL solution of 2.00M HCl is neutralized by 50.00mL of NaOH. Calculate the Molarity of theunknown base.

a. Use the titration formula and calculate the Molarity with the volume values in mL.

b. Use the titration formula and calculate the Molarity with the volume values in mL.

c. Compare your answers to questions 7a and 7b.

8. A 25.0-milliliter sample of HNO3 (aq) is neutralized by 32.1 milliliters of 0.150 M KOH (aq). Calculate theconcentration of the acid.

9. The titration formula can also be used to determine the volume needed to neutralize two knownsolutions. Calculate the volume of 0.200 M NaOH needed to neutralize 100. mL of 0.100 M HCl.

buret containingBASE

MA VA = MB

VB

202

Page 28: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

PracticePacket:AcidsandBases

http://drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com

Foreachquestion,thetwopHvaluesarebeingcompared.In terms of hydronium, howmanytimesstrongerorweakeristhepHofthesolution?

1. pH5àpH3 ___________________________________

2. pH8àpH4 ___________________________________

3. pH10àpH7 ___________________________________

4. pH14àpH7 ___________________________________

5. pH3àpH6 ___________________________________

Video13.5:Neutralization&Titrations

Completeandbalanceeachoftheacidbaseneutralizationreactionsbelow.

1. _____H2SO4+_____Mg(OH)2à

2. _____HNO3+_____Al(OH)3à

3. _____H3PO4+_____Ca(OH)2à

4. _____HI+_____KOHà

5. _____HBr+_____Ba(OH)2à

6. _____HCl+_____KOHà

7. _____H3PO4+_____LiOHà

8. _____HF+_____Ca(OH)2à

9. InatitrationofHClO4withNaOH,100.0mLofthebasewasrequiredtoneutralize20.0mLof5.0MHClO4.WhatisthemolarityoftheNaOH?(Besuretowritetheneutralizationreaction.)

10. InatitrationofHNO3withNaOH,60.0mLof0.020MNaOHwasneededtoneutralize15.0mLofHNO3.Whatisthemolarityoftheacid?(Writetheneutralizationreaction.)

203

Page 29: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

11. In a titration, 20.0 milliliters of 0.15 M HCl(aq) is exactly neutralized by 18.0 milliliters of KOH(aq).(a) Complete the equation below for the neutralization reaction by writing the formula of each

product. KOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → _________ + _________

(b) Compare the number of moles of H+(aq) ions to the number of moles of OH– (aq) ions in the titration mixture when the HCl(aq) is exactly neutralized by the KOH(aq).

(c) Determine the concentration of the KOH(aq).

(d) What is the new pH of the solution?

12. In a laboratory activity, 0.500 mole of NaOH(s) is completely dissolved in distilled water to form 400.milliliters of NaOH(aq). This solution is then used to titrate a solution of HNO3(aq).(a) Identify the negative ion produced when the NaOH(s) is dissolved in distilled water.

(b) Calculate the molarity of the NaOH(aq). Your response must include both a correct numerical setup and the calculated result.

(c) If 26.4 milliliters of the NaOH solution is needed to exactly neutralize 44.0 milliliters of the HNO3 solution, what is the molarity of the HNO3 solution?

(d) Complete the equation below representing this titration reaction by writing the formulas of the products. NaOH(aq) + HNO3(aq) � _____________________ + ______________________

204

Page 30: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

PracticePacket:AcidsandBases

http://drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com

13. If10.0mLof0.300MKOHarerequiredtoneutralize30.0mLofstomachacid(HCl),whatisthemolarityofthestomachacid?(Writetheneutralizationreaction.)

14. Ifittakes50mLof0.5MKOHsolutiontocompletelyneutralize125mLofsulfuricacidsolution(H2SO4),whatistheconcentrationoftheH2SO4solution?

TitrationPractice:AtitrationwassetupandusedtodeterminetheunknownmolarconcentrationofasolutionofNaOH.A1.2MHClsolutionwasusedasthetitrationstandard.Thefollowingdatawerecollected.

Trial1 Trial2 Trial3 Trial4Volumeof1.2M

HCl10.0mL 10.0mL 10.0mL 10.0mL

IntialburetreadingofNaOH

0.0mL 12.2mL 23.2mL 35.2mL

FinalburetreadingofNaOH

12.2mL 23.2mL 35.2mL 47.7mL

VolumeofNaOHused(mL)MolarityofNaOH(M)1. CalculatethevolumeofNaOHusedtoneutralizetheacidforeachtrial.Recordinthe

datatableabove.Showonesamplecalculationbelow.

2. UsingtheMAVA=MBVBformula,calculatethemolarityofthebaseforeachtrial.Recordinthedatatableabove.Showonesamplecalculationbelow.

3. CalculatetheaveragemolarityoftheNaOHusingyourresultsfromquestion2.Youranswermustincludethecorrectnumberofsignificantfiguresandthecorrectunitsofmeasure.

205

Page 31: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

������ �������� ����������

�� 5��4+���1�&6��� 5��4+���1�8��� *1*(97.(&1�(43):(9.;.9>�4+���1�&6��� *1*(97.(&1�(43):(9.;.9>�4+���1�8�

� $-.(-�1&'47&947>�9*89�7*8:19�(&3�'*�:8*)�94)*9*72.3*�.+���1�8��.8�&3�*1*(9741>9*�

�� ��1� �� ����� ��1 �� �!

� $-.(-�8:'89&3(*�.8�&3�*1*(9741>9*�

�� ���!���&3)������!��� ���!���&3)���1�� &!��&3)���1�� &!��&3)������!�

�� $-.(-�9<4�(4254:3)8�&7*�*1*(9741>9*8�

�� .9�-&8�&�-.,-�2*19.3,�54.39�� .9�(439&.38�(4;&1*39�'43)8�� .98�&6:*4:8�841:9.43�(43):(98�&3�*1*(97.(

(:77*39�� .98�&6:*4:8�841:9.43�-&8�&�5��;&1:*�4+��

�� ��8:'89&3(*�.8�(1&88.+.*)�&8�&3�*1*(9741>9*�'*(&:8*

�� ���������!� �� ��������!��� ������ &!� �� ����� &!�

� $-.(-�4+�9-*�+4114<.3,�&6:*4:8�841:9.438�.8�9-*'*89�(43):(947�4+�*1*(97.(.9>�

�� ��89:)*39�<&8�,.;*3�+4:7�:3034<3�841:9.438���&(-841:9.43�<&8�(-*(0*)�+47�(43):(9.;.9>�&3)�9*89*)<.9-�5-*3415-9-&1*.3��#-*�7*8:198�&7*�8-4<3�.3�9-*)&9&�9&'1*�'*14<�

�� � �� � �� � �� �

�&8*)�43�9-*�)&9&�9&'1*��<-.(-�:3034<3�841:9.43(4:1)�'*������ &!��

�� �&! �� ��� �� �! �� ��

�� $-.(-�(4254:3)�.8�&3��77-*3.:8�&(.)�

�� &�8&19 �� &�->)74(&7'43�� &3��77-*3.:8�&(.) �� &3��77-*3.:8�'&8*

�� $-*3�43*�(4254:3)�).8841;*8�.3�<&9*7��9-*�431>548.9.;*�.43�574):(*)�.3�9-*�841:9.43�.8��!���&6���#-.8�(4254:3)�.8�(1&88.+.*)�&8

�� ��7 �� �!�� ��7 �� �!�

�� $-.(-�8:'89&3(*�.8�&1<&>8�&�574):(9�<-*3�&3�77-*3.:8�&(.)�.3�&3�&6:*4:8�841:9.43�7*&(98�<.9-&3��77-*3.:8�'&8*�.3�&3�&6:*4:8�841:9.43�

�� �.;*3�9-*�*6:&9.43�

��������1�,�����!� ��������&6�����1@�&6�

�� ->)74=.)* �� ->)743.:2�� ->54(-147.9* �� 5*7(-147&9*

$-.(-�.43�.8�7*57*8*39*)�'>���

�� &1)*->)* �� &1(4-41�� �77-*3.:8�&(.) �� �77-*3.:8�'&8*

� �3�&6:*4:8�841:9.43�4+�1.9-.:2�->)74=.)*(439&.38�->)74=.)*�.438�&8�9-*�431>�3*,&9.;*�.43.3�9-*�841:9.43���.9-.:2�->)74=.)*�.8�(1&88.+.*)�&8&3

�� (-&3,*8�1.92:8�+742�7*)�94�'1:*�� (-&3,*8�5-*3415-9-&1*.3�+742�(41471*88�94

5.30�� 574):(*8�->)743.:2�.438�&8�9-*�431>

548.9.;*�.438�.3�&3�&6:*4:8�841:9.43�� 574):(*8�->)74=.)*�.438�&8�9-*�431>�3*,&9.;*

.438�.3�&3�&6:*4:8�841:9.43

� �((47).3,�94�9-*��77-*3.:8�9-*47>��&3�&(.)�.8�&8:'89&3(*�9-&9

�� ����!!� �� ���!��� ��1 �� �!�

�� $-.(-�(4254:3)�7*1*&8*8�->)74=.)*�.438�.3�&3&6:*4:8�841:9.43�

�� ��!� �� ����� !�@ �� ��!�@

�� $-.(-�+472:1&�7*57*8*398�&�->)743.:2�.43�

�� �� �� ��� �� ��� �� �

� ��841:9.43�<.9-�&�5��4+����-&8�&�->)743.:2�.43(43(*397&9.43�9*3�9.2*8�,7*&9*7�9-&3�&�841:9.43<.9-�&�5��4+

206

Page 32: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

�� 5��94�5�� �� 5���94�5����� 5���94�5�� �� 5����94�5��

�� $-.(-�(-&3,*�.3�5��7*57*8*398�&�-:3)7*)+41).3(7*&8*�.3�9-*�(43(*397&9.43�4+�->)743.:2�.438.3�&�841:9.43�

�� �� �� � �� �

�� $-&9�.8�9-*�5��4+�&�841:9.43�9-&9�-&8�&�->)743.:2.43�(43(*397&9.43����9.2*8�,7*&9*7�9-&3�&841:9.43�<.9-�&�5��4+���

�� �� �� � ��

�� $-.(-�5��.3).(&9*8�&�'&8.(�841:9.43�

�� �� � �� � ��

�� $-.(-�4+�9-*8*�5��3:2'*78�.3).(&9*8�9-*�-.,-*891*;*1�4+�&(.).9>�

�� &�841:9.43�.3�<-.(-�'7429->241�'1:*�.8�'1:*�� &�841:9.43�.3�<-.(-�'742(7*841�,7**3�.8�'1:*�� &�841:9.43�.3�<-.(-�5-*3415-9-&1*.3�.8�5.30�� &�841:9.43�.3�<-.(-�2*9->1�47&3,*�.8�7*)

�� �&8*)�43�9-*�7*8:198�4+�9*89.3,�(41471*88�841:9.438<.9-�.3).(&9478��<-.(-�841:9.43�.8�2489�&(.).(�

�� '7429->7341�'1:* �� '742(7*841�,7**3�� 1.92:8 �� 9->241�'1:*

� $-.(-�.3).(&947�<4:1)�'*89�).89.3,:.8-�'*9<**3�&841:9.43�<.9-�&�5��4+��� �&3)�&�841:9.43�<.9-�&�5�4+� �

�� '742(7*841�,7**3 �� '7429->241�'1:*�� 1.92:8 �� 2*9->1�47&3,*

� $-.(-�.3).(&947��<-*3�&))*)�94�&�841:9.43�(-&3,*8�(4147�+742�>*114<�94�'1:*�&8�9-*�5��4+9-*�841:9.43�.8�(-&3,*)�+742� � �94�����

�� #-*�9&'1*�'*14<�8-4<8�9-*�(4147�4+�9-*�.3).(&94782*9->1�47&3,*�&3)�1.92:8�.3�9<4�8&251*8�4+�9-*8&2*�841:9.43�

�� �� �� � �� �

$-.(-�5��;&1:*�.8�(438.89*39�<.9-�9-*�.3).(&9477*8:198�

�� 2*9->1�47&3,* �� '7429->241�'1:*�� '742(7*841�,7**3 �� 9->241�'1:*

�� $-.(-�.3).(&947�.8�>*114<�.3�&�841:9.43�<.9-�&�5�4+�����

�� ���)4347 �� ���&((*5947�� ��)4347 �� ��&((*5947

� !3*�&(.)�'&8*�9-*47>�)*+.3*8�&�'&8*�&8�&3

�� ���)4347 �� ���&((*5947�� !���)4347 �� !���&((*5947

�� !3*�&19*73&9*�&(.)�'&8*�9-*47>�89&9*8�9-&9�&3�&(.).8�&3

�� �(.)8�&3)�'&8*8�&7*�'49-����&((*59478��� �(.)8�&3)�'&8*8�&7*�'49-����)43478��� �(.)8�&7*����&((*59478��&3)�'&8*8�&7*���

�)43478��� �(.)8�&7*����)43478��&3)�'&8*8�&7*���

�&((*59478�

�� $-.(-�89&9*2*39�)*8(7.'*8�&3�&19*73&9*�9-*47>�4+&(.)8�&3)�'&8*8�

�� ���&3)� ����� ���&3)�"!�@�� �"!�@�&3)�"!�@�� �"!�@�&3)� ���

�� �.;*3�9-*�7*&(9.43�&9�*6:.1.'7.:2�

�"!�@��� �����"!�@��� ���

$-&9�&7*�9-*�9<4�85*(.*8�9-&9�&7*�&(.)8�

�� &((*598�&3���� �� )43&9*8�&3������ &((*598�&3���� �� )43&9*8�&3���

�� �((47).3,�94�43*�&(.)�'&8*�9-*47>��<&9*7�&(98�&8&3�&(.)�<-*3�&3��!�241*(:1*

�� �&�1 �� �&��� ��1! �� ��1!

��� $-.(-�(4254:3)�.8�574):(*)�<-*3���1�&6��.83*:97&1.?*)�'>��&�!���&6��

�� '&8*���&(.)���8&19���<&9*7�� '&8*���8&19���<&9*7���&(.)�� 8&19���&(.)���'&8*���<&9*7�� 8&19���<&9*7���&(.)���'&8*

�� $-.(-�<47)�*6:&9.43�7*57*8*398�&�3*:97&1.?&9.437*&(9.43�

207

Page 33: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

�� ��*�8�����!�,�����*!��8��� ��,����!�,�����!� ��� � !��&6�����!��&6����� !��&6�����!�

��� �, !��&6������1�&6����� !��&6���

�,�1�8�

�� $-.(-�*6:&9.43�7*57*8*398�&�3*:97&1.?&9.437*&(9.43�

�� *;&547&9.43 �� ).89.11&9.43�� +.197&9.43 �� 9.97&9.43

��� �:7.3,�<-.(-�574(*88�(&3�����2.11.1.9*78�4+�&��� �����1�&6��841:9.43�'*�:8*)�94�)*9*72.3*�9-*:3034<3�(43(*397&9.43�4+�&�,.;*3�;41:2*�4+ &!��&6��841:9.43�

�� ���� �� ������� ��� �� ����

��� ��89:)*39�(4251*9*8�&�9.97&9.43�'>�&)).3,���2.11.1.9*78�4+� &!��&6��4+�:3034<3(43(*397&9.43�94�����2.11.1.9*78�4+��� �����1�&6���$-&9�.8�9-*�241&7�(43(*397&9.434+�9-*� &!��&6��

�� ����� �� �� ����� ������ �� �������

� � �� ���2.11.1.9*7�8&251*�4+�� !��&6��.83*:97&1.?*)�'>����2.11.1.9*78�4+��� ����!��&6���$-&9�.8�9-*�241&7.9>�4+�9-*�� !��&6��

�� � �2� �� �� �2��� ����2� �� ����2�

��� $-.(-�;41:2*�4+������� &!��&6��*=&(91>3*:97&1.?*8� ���2.11.1.9*78�4+�������� !��&6��

�� �� �2� �� �2��� ����2� �� �����2�

��� $-&9�;41:2*�4+�������� !��&6��.8�3**)*)�94(4251*9*1>�3*:97&1.?*� ����2.11.1.9*78�4+������� &!��&6��

208

Page 34: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

�&8*�>4:7�&38<*78�94�6:*89.438����&3)����43�9-*�.3+472&9.43�'*14<�

����������3�43*�97.&1�4+�&3�.3;*89.,&9.43�� ����2.11.1.9*78�4+�����&6��4+�&3�:3034<3�(43(*397&9.43�.89.97&9*)�<.9-������� &!��&6����:7.3,�9-*�9.97&9.43��9-*�949&1�;41:2*�4+� &!��&6��&))*)�&3)9-*�(477*8543).3,�5��;&1:*�4+�9-*�7*&(9.43�2.=9:7*�&7*�2*&8:7*)�&3)�7*(47)*)�.3�9-*�9&'1*'*14<�

��� $7.9*�&�'&1&3(*)�*6:&9.43�9-&9�7*57*8*398�9-.8�3*:97&1.?&9.43�7*&(9.43�

��� �3�&349-*7�97.&1�������2.11.1.9*78�4+�����&6��.8�(4251*9*1>�3*:97&1.?*)�'>�����2.11.1.9*78�4+�9-.8

������ &!��&6����&1(:1&9*�9-*�241&7.9>�4+�9-*�9.97&9*)�&(.)�.3�9-.8�97.&1��%4:7�7*85438*�2:89.3(1:)*�����&�3:2*7.(&1�8*9:5�&3)�9-*�(&1(:1&9*)�7*8:19�

��� �&8*�>4:7�&38<*7�94�9-*�+4114<.3,�6:*89.43�43�9-*�.3+472&9.43�'*14<�

�������3�1.6:.)�<&9*7��&3�*6:.1.'7.:2�*=.898�'*9<**3��!� ��241*(:1*8�����&6��.438��&3)�����!���&6����.438����5*7843�*=5*7.*3(.3,�&(.)�.3).,*89.43�&+9*7�)7.30.3,�942&94�/:.(*�(&3.3,*89�2.10�4+�2&,3*8.&�94�7*):(*�9-*�&(.).9>�4+�9-*�8942&(-�(439*398��#42&94�/:.(*�-&8�&5��;&1:*�4+�����.10�4+�2&,3*8.&��&�2.=9:7*�4+�2&,3*8.:2�->)74=.)*�&3)�<&9*7��-&8�&�5�;&1:*�4+���

�425&7*�9-*�->)74,*3�.43�(43(*397&9.43�.3�942&94�/:.(*�94�9-*�->)74,*3�.43�(43(*397&9.43�.32.10�4+�2&,3*8.&�

209

Page 35: Chapter 13: Acids & Bases - Welcome to Dr. Shanzer's Flipped …drshanzerchemistry.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/9/3/48935737/... · 2020-03-15 · Chapter 13: Acids, Bases and Salts Monoprotic

�&8*�>4:7�&38<*78�94�6:*89.438����9-74:,-����43�9-*�.3+472&9.43�'*14<�

�������89:)*39�:8*)�'1:*�1.92:8�5&5*7�&3)�5-*3415-9-&1*.3�5&5*7�&8�.3).(&9478�94�9*89�9-*�5��4+).89.11*)�<&9*7�&3)�+.;*�&6:*4:8�-4:8*-41)�841:9.438��#-*3�9-*�89:)*39�:8*)�&�5��2*9*7�942*&8:7*�9-*�5��4+�9-*�).89.11*)�<&9*7�&3)�*&(-�841:9.43��#-*�7*8:198�4+�9-*�89:)*39A8�<470�&7*7*(47)*)�.3�9-*�9&'1*�'*14<�

�� �=51&.3��:8.3,�9-*�7*+*7*3(*�9&'1*���.3�9*728�4+�9-*�5��7&3,*�+47�(4147�(-&3,*�<->�1.92:8�.8�����&557457.&9*�94�).++*7*39.&9*�9-*�&(.).9>�1*;*18�4+�942&94�/:.(*�&3)�;.3*,&7�

�� �)*39.+>�9-*�1.6:.)�9*89*)�9-&9�-&8�9-*���� ��->)743.:2�.43�(43(*397&9.43�

��� �&8*)�43�9-*�2*&8:7*)�5��;&1:*8��.)*39.+>�9-*�1.6:.)�9*89*)�9-&9�.8���9.2*8�247*�&(.).(�9-&3;.3*,&7�

210