chapter 13: congress “congress: bingo with billions” - red skelton ap us government and politics...
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Incumbency Advantages for MOC’s Advertising = Visibility –Franking privilege Credit Claiming –“I paved your road!” –Casework and pork! Weak Opponents Campaign Financing/Spending Should MOC’s have term limits?TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 13: Congress
“Congress: Bingo with Billions” - Red Skelton
AP US Government and PoliticsBoucher
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How Do We Explain These?
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Incumbency Advantages for MOC’s
• Advertising = Visibility– Franking privilege
• Credit Claiming– “I paved your road!”– Casework and pork!
• Weak Opponents• Campaign Financing/Spending• Should MOC’s have term limits?
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Evolution of the House of Reps.• Phase One: “Powerful House”
– Leadership supplied by Executive Branch• Phase Two: “Divided House” (late 1820s)
– Jackson asserts veto power; Slavery divides• Phase Three: “Speaker Rules”
– Thomas Reed rules, Joseph Cannon doesn’t• Phase Four: “House Revolts”
– Alternative sources of power emerge• Phase Five: “Members Rule”
– Staffs grow, more member powers granted• Phase Six: “Leadership Returns”
– Speaker sets agenda, “Contract with America”
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Evolution of the Senate• Less shifts and
tensions than the H.R.
• Early on, why would the Senate have less drama? (Think Constitution!)
• Biggest issue: The Filibuster (restricted in 1917 by rule 22)
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Can Mr. B. Get to Congress??!?
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…Only With a Visitor’s Pass!• House has become
less male and less white; Senate is slower to change
• Does Congress really represent the public that it is supposed to represent?– Descriptive v.
substantive representation
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Do Members Represent Voters?• Representational View
(Delegate):– Applies when constituents
have clear view and member can attract attention
• Organizational View:– Party preferences are priority
• Attitudinal View (Trustee):– “On an island”
• Which is on the rise? Which is on the decline? What are the effects of this?
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Organization of the Senate• President pro tempore is presiding
officer (Who gets it? What do they do?)
• Majority and minority leaders– Schedules Senate business
• Party Whips– Help bills work through Congress
• Who handles committee assignments? (Is there really a Committee on Committees?)– What factors lead to committee
assignments?• Unique features of the Senate
– Filibuster– Less formal than HR
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Party Structure of House• Speaker of the House
– Decides who to recognize on the floor
– Assigns bills to committee
– Influences bills brought up for vote
• Majority and minority leaders
• Whips!• How are committee
assignments set?
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Caucuses• Created to advocate a
political ideology or a set interest– Intra-party caucuses– Personal interest caucuses– Constituency caucuses
(BCC)
• Pick the fake caucus!– Irish Caucus– Tuesday Lunch Bunch– Casual Friday Caucus– Boating Caucus– Bourbon Caucus
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Organization of Congress: Staff• Tasks of staff members
– 1/3 of staff work in district– Legislative functions – devising
proposals, organizing hearings, meeting with lobbyists
– Congressional members must rely on staff more than ever now
• Equates to more legislative work• More individualistic Congress
• Staff agencies – Work for Congress as a whole– CRS, GAO, OTA, CBO
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You Can’t Spell Congress Without Committees!
• Why are committees the most important organizational feature of Congress?
• Types of committees– Standing Committees (examples?)– Select Committees (examples?)– Joint Committees– Conference Committees
• Which committee is the most important?
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Committee Practices• Legislative Oversight –
Process of administering policy and bureaucracy
• H.R. members usually serve on 2 standing committees or 1 exclusive; Senators on two “major” one “minor”
• What is the Subcommittee Bill of Rights? What was its impact?
• The $1,000,000 Question: Does Congress really represent the United States?