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    Powerpoint@lecture Slides Are Prepared By Biology Lecturer, KMPk

    mailto:point@lecturemailto:point@lecture

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    Population Growth

    Curves

    Limiting Factors Affecting

    the Population Size

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    Carrying capacity

    The closer population size gets to the Carrying

    Capacity, the greater will be the environment

    resistance.

    (bioticpotential)

    Carrying Capacity

    Num

    berofIndividuals

    Time

    ExponentialGrowth

    Equilibrium

    (environmental resistance)

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    At the end of this topic, students should be

    able to;

    Explain population growth curves

    i. Exponential growth curve (human)

    ii. Logistic growth curve (Paramecium)

    Explain the limiting factors affecting the

    population size

    i. Density-dependent factors

    ii. Density independent factors

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    Population growth curve

    EXPONENTIAL

    CURVE

    LOGISTIC GROWTH

    CURVE

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    Exponential Growth Curve

    - Exponential growth refers to

    unlimited growth of a

    population

    - Occurs when environmental

    conditions are not limiting

    - Reproduce at maximum

    biotic potential

    - Cause a large population

    growth

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    Eg: human population

    growth

    Shows how the increase

    of individuals added each

    generation

    - Very productive agriculture.Raised the K for humans

    - Inherited a high birth rate

    from ancestors

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    S- shaped curve

    - Is a result of environmental

    resistance

    - Which increases in intensityas the population density

    increases

    - Until it reaches a steadylevel

    Achieve its maximum

    carrying capacity

    e.g: Parameciumpopulation

    Logistic Growth Curve

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    Logistic Growth Curve

    The growth (black

    dots) ofParamecium

    aureliain a smallculture closely

    approximates logistic

    growth (red curve) if

    the researchermaintains a constant

    environment.

    (Campbell, 9thedition, page 1225)

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    Limiting Factors Affecting the

    Population Size

    Density-dependent Density-independent

    Abiotic FactorsBiotic Factors

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    Density-dependent Factors

    Predator-prey Competition

    Territorial

    BehaviorParasitism

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    Predator-prey

    Higher density of prey populations attract morepredators

    Number of prey increase, so does the number of

    predators

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    When the number of

    individuals in a populationincrease.

    Compete for food, water and

    shelter

    Weaker species will

    eliminated

    Competition

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    Some social animals exhibit a territorial behavior- To protect their resource and territory

    Territorial Behavior

    Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) use a chemical marker in urine towarn other cheetahs of their territorial boundaries. Australiangannets (Morus serrator) defend their territories when nestingby calling and pacing at one another.

    (Campbell, 9th

    edition, page 1225)

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    Spread easier in a high-density population

    Parasitism

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    Density-independent Factors

    Climate

    Naturaldisaster Pesticides

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    Climate

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    Natural Disaster

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    Pesticides

    Pesticides are used to control agricultural pests

    but also run into freshwater streams and ponds

    where many animal populations live and breed

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    Explain how the following density dependent

    limiting factors affect the population size.

    - Competition

    - Territorial behavior

    - Predation

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    14.0 Biocatalysis


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