Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review“States of Matter”“States of Matter”

Pre-AP ChemistryPre-AP Chemistry

Charles Page High SchoolCharles Page High School

Stephen L. CottonStephen L. Cotton

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review According to the kinetic theory, According to the kinetic theory,

collisions between molecules in a collisions between molecules in a gas ____.gas ____.

Compared to the melting points of Compared to the melting points of ionic compounds, the melting points ionic compounds, the melting points of molecular solids tend to be ____.of molecular solids tend to be ____.

The direct change of a substance The direct change of a substance from a solid to a gas is called ____.from a solid to a gas is called ____.

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review What is the key difference between What is the key difference between

a liquid and a gas?a liquid and a gas? How does the atmospheric pressure How does the atmospheric pressure

at altitudes at altitudes belowbelow sea level compare sea level compare with atmospheric pressure with atmospheric pressure atat sea sea level?level?

Know the characteristics that Know the characteristics that describe the movement of particles describe the movement of particles in a gas.in a gas.

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review Which are the first particles to evaporate Which are the first particles to evaporate

from a liquid?from a liquid? When a gas is heated, some of the When a gas is heated, some of the

absorbed energy is converted to ____ absorbed energy is converted to ____ energy, and some is converted to ____ energy, and some is converted to ____ energy.energy.

How are conditions of pressure and How are conditions of pressure and temperature, at which two phases temperature, at which two phases coexist in equilibrium, represented (or coexist in equilibrium, represented (or shown) on a phase diagram?shown) on a phase diagram?

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review What happens to the range of energies What happens to the range of energies

of the particles in matter when the of the particles in matter when the temperature is increased?temperature is increased?

The average kinetic energy of the The average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance is directly particles of a substance is directly proportional to ____.proportional to ____.

If a liquid is sealed in a container and If a liquid is sealed in a container and kept at constant temperature, how does kept at constant temperature, how does its vapor pressure change over time?its vapor pressure change over time?

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review What causes gas pressure in a What causes gas pressure in a

container, such as a helium balloon?container, such as a helium balloon? When the vapor pressure of a liquid is When the vapor pressure of a liquid is

equal to the atmospheric pressure, the equal to the atmospheric pressure, the liquid ____.liquid ____.

The escape of molecules from the The escape of molecules from the surface of a liquid is known as ____.surface of a liquid is known as ____.

What is the value of one standard What is the value of one standard atmosphere of pressure in kilopascals?atmosphere of pressure in kilopascals?

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review Which of the following will evaporate Which of the following will evaporate

the fastest: a) water at 20 the fastest: a) water at 20 ooC, or C, or b) water at 40 b) water at 40 ooC?C?

Which statement is NOT true, Which statement is NOT true, according to the kinetic theory: according to the kinetic theory: a) there is no attraction between a) there is no attraction between particles of a gas, or particles of a gas, or b) only particles of matter in the b) only particles of matter in the gaseous state are in constant gaseous state are in constant motion?motion?

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review Which states of matter can flow?Which states of matter can flow? Which of the following statements is Which of the following statements is

part of the kinetic theory: a) the part of the kinetic theory: a) the particles in a gas move rapidly, or particles in a gas move rapidly, or b) the particles in a gas are b) the particles in a gas are relatively far apart?relatively far apart?

Which of the following elements has Which of the following elements has the ability to undergo sublimation: the ability to undergo sublimation: a) carbon, or b) iodine? a) carbon, or b) iodine?

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review What instrument is normally used to What instrument is normally used to

measure atmospheric pressure?measure atmospheric pressure? If energy is added to a boiling liquid, If energy is added to a boiling liquid,

what happens to the temperature of what happens to the temperature of the liquid?the liquid?

The average kinetic energy of water The average kinetic energy of water molecules is greatest in: a) steam at molecules is greatest in: a) steam at 110 110 ooC, or b) liquid water at 373 K?C, or b) liquid water at 373 K?

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review Standard conditions when working Standard conditions when working

with gases are defined as ____ with gases are defined as ____ ooC C and ____ kPa.and ____ kPa.

What is the pressure (in kPa) when What is the pressure (in kPa) when a liquid is boiling at its normal boiling a liquid is boiling at its normal boiling point?point?

What happens to the rate of What happens to the rate of evaporation of a liquid as the liquid evaporation of a liquid as the liquid is cooled?is cooled?

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review What is the SI unit of pressure?What is the SI unit of pressure? Which of the following best Which of the following best

describes the motion of the particles describes the motion of the particles in a piece of steel: a) none are in a piece of steel: a) none are moving, or b) all are moving?moving, or b) all are moving?

How do crystal systems differ?How do crystal systems differ? With which temperature scale is With which temperature scale is

temperature directly proportional to temperature directly proportional to average kinetic energy?average kinetic energy?

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review Water could be made to boil at 105 Water could be made to boil at 105 ooC C

instead of 100 instead of 100 ooC by ____.C by ____. Why does a liquid’s rate of evaporation Why does a liquid’s rate of evaporation

increase when the liquid is heated?increase when the liquid is heated? What happens to the temperature of a What happens to the temperature of a

liquid as it evaporates?liquid as it evaporates? The smallest group of particles in a The smallest group of particles in a

crystal that retains the shape of the crystal that retains the shape of the crystal is called ____.crystal is called ____.

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review What happens to the average kinetic What happens to the average kinetic

energy of the particles in a sample energy of the particles in a sample of matter as the temperature of the of matter as the temperature of the sample is increased?sample is increased?

In a dynamic equilibrium between In a dynamic equilibrium between the liquid state and the gas state, the liquid state and the gas state, what is true about the rate of what is true about the rate of evaporation?evaporation?

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review Consider an iron cube and an Consider an iron cube and an

aluminum cube. If the two cubes aluminum cube. If the two cubes were at the same temperature, how were at the same temperature, how would the average kinetic energy of would the average kinetic energy of the Fe particles compare with Al?the Fe particles compare with Al?

The temperature at which the The temperature at which the motion of particles theoretically motion of particles theoretically ceases is ____.ceases is ____.

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review Particles in a gas are best described Particles in a gas are best described

as ____ spheres with ____ volume.as ____ spheres with ____ volume. Crystals are classified into how Crystals are classified into how

many different crystal systems?many different crystal systems? At what temperature (in K) do At what temperature (in K) do

particles theoretically have no particles theoretically have no kinetic energy?kinetic energy?

What is the pressure (in atm) at the What is the pressure (in atm) at the normal boiling point of water?normal boiling point of water?

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review What is a pressure of 622 mm Hg What is a pressure of 622 mm Hg

equal to in atmospheres?equal to in atmospheres? The vapor pressure of 10 mL of The vapor pressure of 10 mL of

ethanol at 20 ethanol at 20 ooC is 5.85 kPa. What C is 5.85 kPa. What is the vapor pressure of 20 mL of is the vapor pressure of 20 mL of ethanol at the same temperature?ethanol at the same temperature?

What is a pressure of 0.520 atm What is a pressure of 0.520 atm equal to in mm of Hg?equal to in mm of Hg?

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review What is the angle measurement in What is the angle measurement in

cubic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic cubic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic crystal systems?crystal systems?

Into how many systems are crystals Into how many systems are crystals classified?classified?

How many faces are in a hexagonal How many faces are in a hexagonal crystal system?crystal system?

How many phases of water are in How many phases of water are in equilibrium at the triple point?equilibrium at the triple point?

Chapter 13 ReviewChapter 13 Review