chapter 13: the marine habitat
DESCRIPTION
Most organisms live in euphotic zone Sunlight Nutrients Marine algae Other organisms need algae Directly or indirectlyTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 13: The Marine Habitat
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Most organisms live in euphotic zone Sunlight Nutrients Marine algae
Other organisms need algae Directly or indirectly
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Classification
Three domains Archaea Bacteria Eukarya
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Classification
Four Kingdoms Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Fig. 13-1
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Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Fig. 13-4
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Classification of marine life By life style
Plankton floaters Phytoplankton Zooplankton Baterioplankton
Plankton make up most of Earth’s biomass
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Phytoplankton
Fig. 13-2
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Zooplankton
Fig. 13-2
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Nekton active swimmers
Fig. 13-4
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Benthos bottom dwellers Epifauna Infauna Nektobenthos
Fig. 13-5
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Marine life Marine environment stable
No need to adapt to many different conditions
98% benthic 2% pelagic
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Adaptations to ocean: Viscosity
Buoyancy Cooler water more viscous Warmer water less viscous
Organisms with appendages Common warmer water Less common cooler water
Small size resists sinking
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Small size resists sinking for plankton
Nekton streamlined
Fig. 13-10
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Temperature Stenothermal
Open ocean, deeper Eurythermal
Shallow coastal water Open ocean, surface
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Salinity Euryhaline Stenohaline
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Marine hypotonic fish Drink water Secrete salt Concentrated urine Fig. 13-14
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Diffusion Molecules
move from higher concentration of substance to lower concentration
Fig. 13-12b
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Osmosis Water
molecules move through semipermeable membrane from less concentrated to more concentratedFig. 13-13
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Dissolved gases Gas solubility depends on
temperature Gills exchange oxygen and
carbon dioxide in water Marine animals die if not
enough oxygen in seawater
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Water is very transparent Shallow water fish good vision Transparent bodies (jellyfish) Counter shading Disruptive coloration Cryptic Coloration Bioluminescent
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Pelagic (open ocean) Biozones
Neritic Oceanic
Epipelagic Mesopelagic Bathypelagic Abyssopelag
ic Fig. 13-19
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Sunlight zones
Euphotic Disphotic Asphotic
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Benthic biozones Subneritic Suboceanic
Littoral Sublittoral Abyssal Hadal
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End of Chapter 13: The Marine Habitat