chapter 13 work & energy. tn standards cle 3202.4.3 – demonstrate the relationship among work,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 13
WORK & ENERGY
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TN Standards
• CLE 3202.4.3 – Demonstrate the relationship among work, power, and machines
• CLE 3202.2.6 – Investigate the Law of Conservation of Energy
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Bellwork
• What is Work?
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Work, Power, and Machines
• Work is conducted only when an applied ( net ) force results in the change in position of an object
• Work is measured in Joules ( J )
• Work is calculated by multiplying force and distance ( over which the force is applied )– W = F x d
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• Power is the amount of work conducted over a certain time interval
• P = W / Δt
• Power is measured in Watts
Work, Power, and Machines
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Work, Power, and Machines
• Machines help to do work by changing the size of an input force, the direction of a force, or both
• Different forces can do the same amount of work– Figure 3 ( a box lifted vs a box pushed up a ramp )
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Simple Machines• The six types of simple machines are:
– Simple lever– Wheel and axle– Pulley– Simple inclined plane– Wedge– Screw
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Compound Machines
• A combination of any of those six simple machines
• Example – SCISSORS
• Combination of lever and wedge
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Bellwork
• What is Energy?
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What is Energy?
• Energy is a property of an object due to its motion or its position
• When work is done, energy is transferred or transformed from one system to another
– Carry a tennis ball up in the stadium– You add potential energy to it by carrying it up
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What is Energy?
• Energy is measured also in Joules ( J )
• Potential energy – energy of position– PE = hmg– h is height ; g is gravity; m is mass– Height is relative
• Kinetic Energy – energy of motion– KE = ( ½ ) mv2
– m is mass ; v is velocity
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Other Forms of Energy
• Mechanical energy
• Non-mechanical energy – ( atomic level )
• Chemical reactions involves chemical energy ( a form of potential energy )– Sun gets energy from nuclear reactions
• Electrical energy ( stored in electric fields )
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Conservation of Energy
• Energy easily changes from one form to another ( battery )
• PE can become KE ( tennis ball dropped from the top of stadium )– Vice-versa ( projectile shot / reaches max height )
• Law of Conservation of Energy?– ( neither created nor destroyed )
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Roller Coaster Example
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Thermodynamics
• For any system, the net change in energy equals the energy transferred as work and heat
• Efficiency ( how much energy/work you get out of a machine or process compared to how much is put in )– Internal Combustion Engine