Chapter 14-15The Age of Imperialism

1850-1914

Questions to ask?• What are some reasons/motives on

why countries(think of yours) would take over another country? (Create a list)

• How will the actions of Europeans impact the people of the nations Europeans are taking over?

So what is Imperialism?So what is Imperialism?• It is the takeover of a country or

territory by the stronger nation with the intent of DOMINATING the political, economical, and social life of the people of that nation.

• NEED OF RAW MATERIALS AND MARKETS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

• WHY????????????

MOTIVES: CSI IMPERIALSIM1.1. Nationalism (Glory)Nationalism (Glory)

2.2. Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism: We are better than the people we conquer. “Survival of the fittest”

Why would Europeans develop this ideology and what basis did it serve?

3.3. Militarism(Glory)Militarism(Glory): Building of army, now European countries want to test them out and to protect their invested places/colonies

Motives continued……4. GOD4. GOD: Desire to spread their religions and

beliefs

5. Civilization: 5. Civilization: Western way of life and culture superior to that of other nations because of new advancements and progress

6. Economic (greed): 6. Economic (greed): Need for natural resources, expand markets, desire to invest profits, outlet needed for growing population.

What allowed Imperialism to happen?A. Internal forces in Europe:

1. Industrial Revolution 2. Age of Exploration 3. Easy travel and communication 4. Technology: Weapons= Maxim gun

5. Revolutions!!! Dramatic change!!!B. External forces:

Areas such as Africa, S. America, Asia all were disunited and were troubled with internal problems. No real feeling of Nationalism to bring the people together. Life disrupted by events such as the slave trade and early exposure to European Explorers who came and conquered.

Forms of Imperialistic RuleForms of Imperialistic Rule1. Colony: Governed internally by a foreign

power.

2. Protectorate: its own internal government, but under the control of a foreign power

3. Sphere of Influence: Area where an outside power claims ownership for economic purposes

4. Economic Imperialism: independent, less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other goven’t.

Direct and Indirect Rule• Direct rule= Where a countries rulers and elite

are replaced by the country taking over them and where the new country puts in power their own officials.

• Indirect Rule= Indirect Rule= Where the country taking over allows local officials to continue to rule, but in the reported to the dominating country

European countries now had two main goals:

1. Keep peace within Europe

2. Help the undermined, feeble, weak exist in the new society of European power and dominace

So let’s investigate the impact and effect of Imperialism in South East Asia and Latin

America

Now onto Africa….

Questions to think about….

1. Why did Europe want to take over Africa?

2. Why was it known as the “Dark Continent”?

3. How did they decide who gets what?

4. What was the significant impact of imperializing Africa?

Video Clip: Imperialism in Africa

• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/9539-when-civilizations-end-european-imperialism-in-africa-video.htm

So, What was Africa like before the arrival of European nations?

Africa Before Imperialism-Hundreds of ethnic groups and

religions

-Thousands of languages

-Varied political systems

-Powerful armies

-Difficult terrain, natural

-Trade networks already in place

-Full of Resources/materials, etc.

• Several factors led Europeans to claim control of almost all of Africa. Some Africans resisted, but most efforts failed.

1. Christian missionaries supported imperialism (thought European rule would end the slave trade and help to convert natives)

*But did Slavery

really end?

2. Technology – helped to control Africa while maintaining contact with home; (machine gun, quinine)

Pg. 439

3.The Ottoman Empire broke apart, and European powers took some of its lands in Northern Africa (Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, etc. )

What would be some other factors as to why Europeans

would eventually “wander” into the “Dark Continent”?

1.Lack of unity of African people1.Lack of unity of African people

2. The discovery of gold and 2. The discovery of gold and diamonds and other valuable diamonds and other valuable resources in Africa increased resources in Africa increased European interest in the continentEuropean interest in the continent

CECIL RHODES(British Entrepreneur)

QUOTE: CECIL RHODES“ I THINK WHAT {GOD}

WOULD LIKE ME TO DO IS TO PAINT AS MUCH OF AFRICA BRITISH RED AS POSSIBLE”.

Ignoring claims of Ignoring claims of African ethnic groups, African ethnic groups,

kingdoms, and city-kingdoms, and city-states, European states, European

established colonial established colonial claims in Africa.claims in Africa.

HOW WERE THEY GOING TO DO THIS?

What are the Five Regions of Africa?

What do each of these regions have that Europe wants?

Berlin Conference 1885: Berlin Conference 1885: Slicing Africa like a cake!!! Everyone can

enjoy as long as you don’t take too much!

European powers met and agreed that any nation could claim any part of Africa simply by telling the others and showing that they had control of the area.

France and Britain fight over Egypt

• Why:–Economic value of the Nile River–Modernized (Muhammad Ali)–Gateway to various places ( India and

China)–$$$$$$ and POWER!!!!!!–Wanted to build a canal

Henry Stanley

“Dr. Livingston, I presume.”

King Leopold II (Belgium)

Video Clip: King Leopold II of Belgium and the Conquest of

the Congo• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qx2Sj1f

hSso&feature=related

British and their “Cape Colony”• British seize South Africa from the Dutch

• Find Gold and Diamonds

• Boers (Afrikaners/Dutch descendents) became upset at the British authority in South Africa

• Moved to a separate region, put the “indigenous”/natives on reservations

• Boers believed superiority came from God

• Conflict soon began between the Boers and the native people called Zulu tribe

• British don’t like this and help out..Who wins?

So how did Europe So how did Europe manage to get control?manage to get control?

1. Some used a policy of assimilation – all institutions, way of life, etc. were patterned after the imperialist country’s mother land.

IE. Tried to make people more “French” or more “British).

(Food, religion, politics, customs, traditions, values, morals, etc. )

2. Some used Paternalism• A policy of governing in a fatherly

way…meet peoples’ needs but don’t give them rights

• Europeans brought in their own government and didn’t train

natives how to rule themselves: WHY?????

3. Force• Europeans had more advanced, well

organized militaries that dominated the local natives into submission

• Natives had little to no influence in any decisions that were being made to their homelands.

Did anything good Did anything good come out of come out of

Imperializing Africa?Imperializing Africa?

SOME BENEFITS…….

1. Education and schools

2. Rise of African Nationalism

3. Infrastructure was built up (roads, railroads, etc.)

4. Temporary stability

Damages out weigh the benefits1. Destroyed traditional African society

2. Forced poor working conditions (for all)

3. Problems created by boundaries drawn by Europeans

4. Segregation (Europeans received all the best and Natives received little to nothing)

5. Legacy of European superiority

6. Robbed of natural resources

7. Conflict and wars (still occurring today)

8. Genocide

AFRICA LEFT IN SHAMBLES!!!!!AFRICA LEFT IN SHAMBLES!!!!!

Opposing Viewpoints: page 440

• For tomorrow: Read opposing view points

• Answer the questions in your notes

• We will be going over this on Friday