Chapter 14Components of manufacturing operations1. The Manufacturing processes, such as procurement, production scheduling, and stock control.2. The Manufacturing system employed to produce the goods or services. Flexible manufacturing system3. Materials management, it covers the process of material into and out of the factory. Factors of Change Change in customer requirements. Change in technology. Change in the workforce. Change in competition. Changes in raw materials. Changes in the environment.Several reasons for cost reduction with volume of output Manufacturing task are learned by operators Larger volume enables specialization among operators Increasing the volume of production Increasing the volumes enable greater investments to be made in plant and machines Materials costs decrease as the volume of production increases.Job Production Job production, sometimes calledjobbingorone-off production, involves producing custom work, such as a one-off product for a specific customer or a small batch of work in quantities usually less than those of mass-market products. It is the oldest form of production. Examples Designing and implementing an advertising campaign Auditing the accounts of a largepublic limited company Building a new factory Installing machinery in a factory Machining a batch of parts per aCAD drawingsupplied by a customer Building the Golden Gate bridgeBatch Production Batch productionis a technique used in manufacturing, in which the object in question is created stage by stage over a series of workstations, and different batches of products are made.Mass Production Mass productionis the production of large amounts ofstandardizedproducts, including and especially onassembly lines.Global OperationsAdvantages Cost can be reduced. Local skills in area can be exploited. Overheads can be reduced for some activities. Products can be engineered for global market. Central control of stock.