Chapter 14 Overview

Topic 1: Immigration

• Where were immigrants primarily from?

Explaining Immigration

Push Factors• War• Poverty• Famine• Religious Persecution• Limited Opportunity• Oppressive

Government

Pull Factors• Job opportunities• Available land• Political & religious

freedom• Family • No compulsory

military service

Nativism

Topic 2: Industrialization

US Becomes Industrial Giant

Urbanization

Topic 3: The Cotton Kingdom

The Cotton Gin1793—Eli Whitney

With a cotton gin, a worker could clean 50 times more cotton than by hand.

The Spread of Cotton Production

Increased Slavery

Table 3: Population of the South 1790-1860*Source: Historical Statistics of the United States (1970)

Year Free White Population

Slave Population

1790 1,240,454 654,121

1800 1,691,892 851,532

1810 2,118,144 1,103,700

1820 2,867,454 1,509,904

1830 3,614,600 1,983,860

1840 4,601,873 2,481,390

1850 6,184,477 3,200,364

1860 8,036,700 3,950,511

Topic 4: The Transportation Revolution

Components of the Revolution

• Steamboats

• Canals

• Beginnings of Railroads

• Roads & Turnpikes

• Clipper Ships

With its endpoints in Albany and Buffalo, New York’s Erie Canal linked the young nation’s East and West. Canal travel encouraged trade, tourism, and western farming and settlement. After the canal opened in 1825, nearby cities and towns grew.

The Erie Canal 

Topic 5: The Market Revolution

• The market revolution transformed a subsistence economy of scattered farms and tiny workshops into a national network of industry and commerce (p. 317).

Effects of the Market Revolution

• Standards of living rose

• People were more affected by market fluctuations

• Income inequalities increased (rich-poor gap grew)

• The home became less a center of production and more of a haven for families.

Topic 6: Women in Changing Times• The Cult of Domesticity or Cult of True Womanhood

(named such by its detractors, hence the pejorative use of the word "cult") was a prevailing view during the Jacksonian Era, in the United States. It is the belief that a woman's role in marriage was to:– Maintain the home as a refuge for her husband – Train the children – Set a moral example for children to follow – True women were expected to possess four virtues:

piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity.• The Cult of Domesticity identified the home as the

"separate, proper sphere" for women, who were seen as better suited to parenting.

• Reaction to these standards led to the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848[Adapted from Wikipedia]