Chapter 14, Section 2Chapter 14, Section 2

Compromises FailCompromises Fail

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise Proposed by Henry ClayProposed by Henry Clay Missouri would be admitted as a Missouri would be admitted as a

slave stateslave state Maine would be admitted as a free Maine would be admitted as a free

statestate The Louisiana Territory north of the The Louisiana Territory north of the

southern border of Missouri would be southern border of Missouri would be free of slavery.free of slavery.

Southern slave owners had the right Southern slave owners had the right to pursue fugitives into to pursue fugitives into northernnorthern…..…..

Goals/ResultsGoals/Results

Balanced the interests of the North Balanced the interests of the North and South.and South.

Southerners were not happy Southerners were not happy because because Congress gave itself the power to Congress gave itself the power to make laws regarding slavery.make laws regarding slavery.

Northerners were not happy because Northerners were not happy because Congress had allowed slavery to Congress had allowed slavery to expand into another stateexpand into another state

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

Proposed by Proposed by Henry ClayHenry Clay Terms: Terms: California admitted as a California admitted as a freefree state state Slave trade banned in Slave trade banned in Washington DCWashington DC Popular Sovereignty Popular Sovereignty would decide slavery would decide slavery

in the rest of the Mexican Cession.in the rest of the Mexican Cession. Southerners got a tough Southerners got a tough new fugitive new fugitive

slave law slave law

Goal of CompromiseGoal of Compromise

To end slavery crisis by giving To end slavery crisis by giving supporters and opponents of slavery supporters and opponents of slavery some of what they wanted. some of what they wanted.

Fugitive Slave Act of Fugitive Slave Act of 18501850

Terms:Terms: Government officials may arrest any Government officials may arrest any

person accused of being person accused of being a runaway a runaway slave slave by any white person.by any white person.

Suspects had no right to a Suspects had no right to a trial. NorthernersNortherners were required to help were required to help

authorities capture accused runaway authorities capture accused runaway slaves if asked.slaves if asked.

Results:Results:

Most controversial part of the Most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

Thousands of northern African Thousands of northern African Americans fled to Americans fled to Canada.Canada.

Kansas-Nebraska Act of Kansas-Nebraska Act of 18541854

Proposed byProposed by Stephen DouglasStephen Douglas

Terms:Terms: Slavery in the new Kansas-Slavery in the new Kansas-

Nebraska territories was to be Nebraska territories was to be decided by decided by popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty

ResultsResults

Results:Results:

Undid the Undid the Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise Reopened the issue of Reopened the issue of slaveryslavery in in

territoriesterritories NorthernersNortherners outraged. outraged.

Kansas Election of 1855Kansas Election of 1855

Events:Events:

Both proslavery and antislavery settlers Both proslavery and antislavery settlers flooded Kansas and wanted to hold the flooded Kansas and wanted to hold the majoritymajority in the territory. in the territory.

Thousands of Missourians entered Thousands of Missourians entered Kansas illegally to select a Kansas illegally to select a territorial territorial legislature legislature ..

Antislavery settlers held a second Antislavery settlers held a second electionelection

Results:Results:

Kansas now had two Kansas now had two governmentsgovernments Violence broke out and earned Violence broke out and earned

Kansas the name Kansas the name ““Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas” ”

Chap. 14, Section 3 Chap. 14, Section 3

Dred Scott was an enslaved person who Dred Scott was an enslaved person who sued for his freedom.sued for his freedom.

Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney ruled that Scott had no right to sue in ruled that Scott had no right to sue in federal courtfederal court

because African Americans were not because African Americans were not citizens.citizens. Slaves were property, and the property rights Slaves were property, and the property rights

of their owners were protected in all states.of their owners were protected in all states. This meant Congress did not have the power This meant Congress did not have the power

to prohibit slavery in any territory, and the to prohibit slavery in any territory, and the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.

Supporters of slavery rejoiced at this ruling, Supporters of slavery rejoiced at this ruling, but northerners were shocked.but northerners were shocked.

Abraham Lincoln-Stephen Abraham Lincoln-Stephen Douglas DebatesDouglas Debates

Occurred during Illinois Senate race in the Occurred during Illinois Senate race in the year 1858.year 1858.

Lincoln’s opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Lincoln’s opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act led him to run as a Republican against Act led him to run as a Republican against Senator Stephen Douglas the author of the Senator Stephen Douglas the author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.Kansas-Nebraska Act.

The goal of the new Republican Party was The goal of the new Republican Party was to stop the spread of slavery into the to stop the spread of slavery into the western territories.western territories.

Douglas’ Douglas’ stand on stand on

PopularPopular

sovereigntysovereignty

Lincoln’s stand Lincoln’s stand on African on African Americans: Americans:

Lincoln’s Lincoln’s stand on stand on slavery: slavery:

Lincoln’s Lincoln’s position on position on the Union: the Union:

Each state has Each state has the right to the right to choose slavery choose slavery if it pleases if it pleases

aa. not socially. not socially

and politicallyand politically

equal to whiteequal to white

people people

a. morallya. morally

wrongwrong In favor of In favor of the Union, the Union, Lincoln Lincoln stated that stated that the country the country could not could not survive “half survive “half slave and slave and half free.”half free.”

b. entitled to b. entitled to rights in the rights in the Declaration of Declaration of

IndependenceIndependence

b. would dieb. would die

out on itsout on its

own own

c. can’t bec. can’t be

allowed in allowed in the west the west

John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s RaidWho was John Brown?Who was John Brown?

New England abolitionist driven out New England abolitionist driven out of Kansas for killing proslavery men of Kansas for killing proslavery men there there

His plan in 1859: His plan in 1859:

Seize guns at Harper’s Ferry, give Seize guns at Harper’s Ferry, give them to the slaves who joined him, them to the slaves who joined him, lead them in a revolt that would lead them in a revolt that would eventually free all slaves eventually free all slaves

Southerners were worried Southerners were worried because:because:

Brown had support of northern Brown had support of northern abolitionists, many in the North saw abolitionists, many in the North saw him as a hero. him as a hero.

Chapter 14, Sec. 4Chapter 14, Sec. 4

The Election of 1860The Election of 1860

There were four candidates in There were four candidates in the election because: the election because:

Proslavery and antislavery factions Proslavery and antislavery factions of the Democratic Party chose of the Democratic Party chose different candidates and some different candidates and some southerners joined the Constitutional southerners joined the Constitutional Union Union

CandidatesCandidates

Northern Democratic candidateNorthern Democratic candidate: : Stephen DouglasStephen Douglas

Southern Democratic candidate:Southern Democratic candidate: John BreckinridgeJohn Breckinridge

Constitutional Union candidate:Constitutional Union candidate: John BellJohn Bell

Republican candidate:Republican candidate: Abraham Abraham LincolnLincoln

The WinnerThe Winner

* Although he did not receive a * Although he did not receive a majority of the popular vote, Lincoln majority of the popular vote, Lincoln received enough received enough electoral voteselectoral votes to to win the election.win the election.

The election showed how dividedThe election showed how divided

the nation was.the nation was.

SecessionSecession

After South Carolina learned that Lincoln had won the After South Carolina learned that Lincoln had won the election it responded by seceding from the Union.election it responded by seceding from the Union.

Southern leaders who opposed secession:Southern leaders who opposed secession: 1. 1. Tennessee senator Andrew JohnsonTennessee senator Andrew Johnson 2. 2. Texas Governor Sam HoustonTexas Governor Sam Houston First state to secede from the Union:First state to secede from the Union: South South

CarolinaCarolina Name of the new southern nation:Name of the new southern nation: Confederate States of AmericaConfederate States of America President of the southern nation:President of the southern nation: Jefferson Jefferson

DavisDavis

Lincoln’s message to Lincoln’s message to seceding states:seceding states:

1. he assured the seceded states that 1. he assured the seceded states that he meant them no harm he meant them no harm and that 2. and that 2. he he would not interfere with slavery where it would not interfere with slavery where it existedexisted..

Response of seceding states to Response of seceding states to Lincoln’s message:Lincoln’s message:

RejectedRejected They seized federal property in their bordersThey seized federal property in their borders

Fort SumterFort Sumter

Lincoln’s plan to deal with the Lincoln’s plan to deal with the siege of Fort Sumter:siege of Fort Sumter: send a supply ship with no guns so send a supply ship with no guns so

southerners wouldn’t think he was southerners wouldn’t think he was attacking themattacking them

South Carolina’s response to South Carolina’s response to Lincoln’s plan:Lincoln’s plan:

They fired on the fort, capturing it and They fired on the fort, capturing it and starting the Civil War on April 12, 1861. starting the Civil War on April 12, 1861.