Chapter 14 Chapter 14 Section 2Section 2

Life in theLife in the

TwentiesTwenties

ProhibitionProhibition

Reformers had long been seeking a ban on alcohol Reformers had long been seeking a ban on alcohol because of its contribution to crime, family violence because of its contribution to crime, family violence and povertyand povertyIn January of 1919 In January of 1919 {the sale of {the sale of alcoholalcohol was forbidden was forbidden by the by the Eighteenth AmendmentEighteenth Amendment}}That October, That October, {Congress passed the {Congress passed the Volstead ActVolstead Act to to enforce prohibition}enforce prohibition}In many cities prohibition was ignored. Speakeasies In many cities prohibition was ignored. Speakeasies and bootleg alcohol became normaland bootleg alcohol became normalBootlegging became a profitable business, most of the Bootlegging became a profitable business, most of the time run by criminal gangstime run by criminal gangsMobster, Mobster, {{Al CaponeAl Capone, ruled Chicago’s underworld with , ruled Chicago’s underworld with the help of his gang}the help of his gang}

Al CaponeAl Capone

Continued…Continued…

Capone raged violent wars on rival gangs Capone raged violent wars on rival gangs Hoping to stop bootlegging & violence the federal Hoping to stop bootlegging & violence the federal Prohibition Bureau hired Eliot Ness.Prohibition Bureau hired Eliot Ness.Ness organized a top squad of young detectives to go Ness organized a top squad of young detectives to go after gangsters. They were called the Untouchablesafter gangsters. They were called the UntouchablesThe Untouchables ended Capone’s reign by arresting The Untouchables ended Capone’s reign by arresting him for tax evasionhim for tax evasionAlthough prohibition curbed alcoholism and alcohol Although prohibition curbed alcoholism and alcohol related deaths, the negative effects drew more related deaths, the negative effects drew more attentionattentionProhibition was repealed by the Twenty-first Prohibition was repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment Amendment

The UntouchablesThe Untouchables

Youth Culture & the “new woman”Youth Culture & the “new woman”Magazines, movies and literature began to portray Magazines, movies and literature began to portray the life of the “new woman” as stylish, adventurous, the life of the “new woman” as stylish, adventurous, independent and career mindedindependent and career mindedMany women stopped wearing corsets and started Many women stopped wearing corsets and started {wearing shorter skirts and transparent silk hose. {wearing shorter skirts and transparent silk hose. These women were known as These women were known as flappersflappers}}These young women cut their hair short, drove cars, These young women cut their hair short, drove cars, played sports and held non domestic jobsplayed sports and held non domestic jobs{For the first time, a growing number of young people {For the first time, a growing number of young people began to began to attend collegeattend college}}New leisure activities spread among youth as well, New leisure activities spread among youth as well, such as dance marathons, beauty contests and such as dance marathons, beauty contests and flagpole sittingflagpole sitting

RadioRadio

Thanks to electricity in practically every home the Thanks to electricity in practically every home the radio became a huge form of entertainment as well as radio became a huge form of entertainment as well as one of the most used forms of getting informationone of the most used forms of getting information

Radio stations broadcast the Dempsey-Carpentier Radio stations broadcast the Dempsey-Carpentier heavyweight title fight as well as the World Seriesheavyweight title fight as well as the World Series

Stations soon discovered they could make money by Stations soon discovered they could make money by selling advertisements selling advertisements

During the late 1920’s national radio network the During the late 1920’s national radio network the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) began offering National Broadcasting Company (NBC) began offering local radio networks packages of programs to local radio networks packages of programs to broadcast. broadcast.

MoviesMoviesNew advances in the art of moviemaking attracted New advances in the art of moviemaking attracted even larger audiences even larger audiences Movie director Movie director Cecil B. DeMilleCecil B. DeMille introduced a new introduced a new style of filmmaking marked by epic plots and complex style of filmmaking marked by epic plots and complex characterscharactersThese movies were made in Hollywood, Ca., which These movies were made in Hollywood, Ca., which quickly replaced New York and New Jersey as a quickly replaced New York and New Jersey as a filmmaking capital filmmaking capital The era of the silent film ended with the {first feature-The era of the silent film ended with the {first feature-length “talkie” film length “talkie” film The Jazz SingerThe Jazz Singer} } The introduction of sound in film led to the creation of The introduction of sound in film led to the creation of musicals and newsreelsmusicals and newsreelsChanges in the standards of morality and sexuality in Changes in the standards of morality and sexuality in film led to a code that set out to limit offensive material film led to a code that set out to limit offensive material in moviesin movies

SportsSports

During the 1920’s many Americans turned to sports During the 1920’s many Americans turned to sports foe entertainmentfoe entertainmentBaseball remained the nation’s most popular sport Baseball remained the nation’s most popular sport despite charges of corruptiondespite charges of corruptionIn one scandal In one scandal {“{“Shoeless” Joe JacksonShoeless” Joe Jackson and seven and seven other Chicago White Sox players were accused of other Chicago White Sox players were accused of throwing the 1919 World Series}throwing the 1919 World Series} {Legendary baseball players of the 1920’s such as {Legendary baseball players of the 1920’s such as Babe RuthBabe Ruth} } Ty Cobb and Lou Gehrig attracted new Ty Cobb and Lou Gehrig attracted new fansfansMillions tuned in to radio broadcasts and attended Millions tuned in to radio broadcasts and attended gamesgames

““Shoeless” Joe JacksonShoeless” Joe Jackson

The Great Bambino The Great Bambino

Celebrities and HeroesCelebrities and Heroes

The mass appeal of entertainment made celebrities The mass appeal of entertainment made celebrities instantly famousinstantly famousYoung Americans often copies behavior of starsYoung Americans often copies behavior of starsJim Thorpe was a very talented athlete. He won the Jim Thorpe was a very talented athlete. He won the decathlon and the pentathlon in the 1912 Olympics. decathlon and the pentathlon in the 1912 Olympics. He then went on to play professional baseball and He then went on to play professional baseball and footballfootballPilot Charles Lindbergh was probably the most Pilot Charles Lindbergh was probably the most famous celebrity of the 1920’s. He was the first pilot to famous celebrity of the 1920’s. He was the first pilot to fly nonstop 33.5 hours from New York to Paris in his fly nonstop 33.5 hours from New York to Paris in his plane named plane named The Spirit of St. LewisThe Spirit of St. LewisThe next year Amelia Earhart became the first woman The next year Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean to fly across the Atlantic Ocean

Religion in the 1920’sReligion in the 1920’s

To compete with movies and radio for attention. Some To compete with movies and radio for attention. Some religious leaders began using Hollywood style religious leaders began using Hollywood style entertainment to spread their messageentertainment to spread their message

Aimee Semple McPherson was one of the most Aimee Semple McPherson was one of the most popular revivalist popular revivalist

On the other hand many Americans turned to a more On the other hand many Americans turned to a more conservative approach conservative approach

A Protestant movement called A Protestant movement called {{FundamentalismFundamentalism believed that religious text should be taken as literally believed that religious text should be taken as literally true}true} and argued that Christian doctrine should be and argued that Christian doctrine should be accepted without questionaccepted without question

Fundamentalism Sermon led by Fundamentalism Sermon led by Aimee Semple McPherson Aimee Semple McPherson

The Scopes TrialThe Scopes Trial

Fundamentalism went on trial in in July 1925Fundamentalism went on trial in in July 1925

In the case, attorney In the case, attorney {{Clarence DarrowClarence Darrow defended defended school teacher, school teacher, John ScopesJohn Scopes for teaching the theory for teaching the theory of evolution in of evolution in TennesseeTennessee}}

Darrow had little chance of winning. The judge opened Darrow had little chance of winning. The judge opened proceedings with a prayer and would not allow any proceedings with a prayer and would not allow any scientific expert testimonyscientific expert testimony

Scopes was found guilty and was fined $100Scopes was found guilty and was fined $100

However, press accounts of the trial often portrayed However, press accounts of the trial often portrayed the prosecution as narrow minded and it lowered the prosecution as narrow minded and it lowered people’s opinions of Fundamentalism people’s opinions of Fundamentalism

Review QuestionsReview QuestionsWhat did the Eighteenth Amendment do?What did the Eighteenth Amendment do?

Why was the Volstead Act created?Why was the Volstead Act created?

He ruled Chicago’s underworld with the help of his He ruled Chicago’s underworld with the help of his ganggang

These women were known for wearing shorter skirts These women were known for wearing shorter skirts and transparent silk hoseand transparent silk hose

For the first time, a growing number of young people For the first time, a growing number of young people began to attend thisbegan to attend this

What was the first feature-length “talkie” film?What was the first feature-length “talkie” film?

This man defended school teacher, John Scopes for This man defended school teacher, John Scopes for teaching the theory of evolution in Tennesseeteaching the theory of evolution in Tennessee

Hey, I found another weird beardHey, I found another weird beardEnjoy…Enjoy…