CHAPTER 14

THADDEUS STEVENSLeading Radical

Republican in Congress during Reconstruction;

From PA

VP from Tenn.; Pres. after Lincoln’s Death; Restoration plan & Impeachment

EDWIN STANTON

SECRETARY OF WAR SUSPENDED & REMOVED BY

ANDREW JOHNSON

Civil War Hero; Republican President elected 1868 & 1872

HIRAM REVELS1st AFRICAN-

AMERICAN SENATOR;

MINISTER FROM MISSISSIPPI;; UNION ARMY

CHAPLAIN

HORACE GREELEYNY NEWSPAPER

EDITOR; 1872 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE

13th Amendment1865—

Abolished Slavery in the United States

14th Amendment1868—granted full citizenship to those born in

the US; required states to grant citizens equal protection of the laws; most cited Amendment in the Supreme Court

15th Amendment1870—prohibited the

state & federal governments from denying the right to vote to any male citizen because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”

PLANS TO RECONSTRUCT

Wade-Davis Bill—July 1864—50% swear loyalty, ban slavery, no Confederates can hold office; only those who swore they didn’t fight Union could vote

Lincoln’s 10% Plan—Dec. 1863; 10% swear loyalty; ban slavery; amnesty

JOHNSON “RESTORATION”

May 1865—Most Southerners granted amnesty once swore loyalty; Confederates officials & landowners could be pardoned by the Pres; Only loyal could vote; Must ratify 13th Amendment

FREEDMEN’S BUREAU

1865—government agency set up to help freedmen;

Distributed food, clothing, medicine; set up schools & gave aid to new African-American colleges;

Helped people acquire land & work;Set up courts to protect freedmen’s

rights

BLACK CODESPermitted plantation

owners to exploit freedmen workers & allowed officials to arrest & fine jobless freedmen; banned freedmen from owning or renting farms;

KLU KLUX KLANSecret society that used fear & violence to

deprive African Americas of their rights & advocate white supremacy

JOHNSON’S IMPEACHMENT

Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act by suspending Sec. of War-Stanton without Senate approval the House voted to impeach Johnson for misconduct the trial in the Senate must have 2/3 vote for conviction Johnson survived impeachment by 1 vote 35-19;

JOHNSON’S IMPEACHMENT

Many believed impeachment was politically motivated & that Pres. Shouldn’t be removed

due to political differences

Reconstruction Act of 1867

South divided into 5 military districts & placed under authority of military commander; freedmen get right to vote in state elections; prevented former Confederate leaders from

holding office; to rejoin states had to ratify the 14th Amendment

SOUTH REGAINS CONTROL

Northerners lost interest in Reconstruction—South should solve its own problems; Radical leaders faded away; corruption in Grant’s administration; South protested “bayonet rule”; Amnesty Act of 1872—nearly all white Southerners can vote & hold office again

GRANT (REP) DEFEATS SEYMOUR (DEM)

GRANT (REP) DEFEATS GREELEY (DEM)

HAYES (REP) DEFEATS TILDEN (DEM)