Chapter 14

The Brain

Cerebrum Divided into 2 hemispheres

Corpus Callosum joins the 2 hemispheres Cortex- highly folded gray matter, deep

grooves in the cortex are called fissures Interior of cerebrum consists of white matter Ventricles- chambers in the brain that are

filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), it cushions and supports brain, and transports nutrients, etc.

Protection of CNS

Bone Meninges (dura mater, arachnoid, and pia

mater) CSF

Lobes Frontal Lobe- controls skeletal muscle Parietal Lobe- perception of touch,

pressure, vibration, pain, temperature, and taste

Occipital lobe- perception of visual stimuli Temporal lobe- perception of auditory and

olfactory stimuli

The Limbic System Establishes emotional state Links conscious functional of cerebral

cortex with autonomic functions of the brain stem

Memory storage and retrieval Associated with motivation Hippocampus- main structure of this

system, important in learning

The Diencephalon Integrates conscious and unconscious sensory

info and motor commands Pineal Gland- secretes melatonin, which

regulates day-night and reproductive cycles Thalamus- relay sensory info. Only passing on

only some of the arriving sensory info

Hypothalmus

coordinates nervous and endocrine activities secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which

controls water loss from kidneys Feeding and thirst center Regulation of body temperature Control of circadian rhythms controls autonomic activities of the brain stem

Mesencephalon “midbrain” - Processes visual and auditory info and controls reflexes triggered by these stimuli

Cerebellum- automatic processing center, maintains balance and equilibrium

Pons- connects cerebellum to the brain stem Medulla oblongata- bet. Spine and brain, relays

sensory info, regulates automatic functions like heart rate