chapter 14. the federal judicial system the supreme court of the united states selecting and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 14
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The Federal Judicial SystemThe Supreme Court of the United States
Selecting and deciding casesIssuing decisions and opinions
Majority Plurality Concurring Dissenting
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Insert Figure 14-1Supreme Court Opinions, 1950-2010
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The Federal Judicial SystemOther federal courts
U.S. district courtsU.S. courts of appealsSpecial U.S. courts
The state courtsPolitical appointmentElected judges (most common form)Merit-plan judges
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Insert Figure 14-2The Federal Judicial System
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Insert Figure 14-3Geographic Boundaries of U.S. Courts of Appeals
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Federal Court AppointeesSupreme Court nominees
Presidents nominate those with compatible political philosophy
Nominees must be acceptable to othersVery few nominees rejected by Senate after nineteenth
century
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Federal Court AppointeesLower-court nominees
Senatorial courtesyPresidents typically select members of same party
Personal backgrounds of judicial appointeesNearly all recent appointees from appellate courtsMost are white men, but diversity has increased in recent
decades
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Insert Figure 14-4Political Parties, Presidents, and Women and Minority Judicial Appointees
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Insert Table 14-1Justices of the Supreme Court
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The Nature of Judicial Decision MakingLegal influences on judicial decisions
The facts of a caseThree main sources of law
The Constitution Legislative statutes Legal precedents
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Insert Table 14-2Sources of Law That Constrain the Decisions of the Federal Judiciary
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The Nature of Judicial Decision MakingPolitical influences on judicial decisions
Inside the Court: judges’ political beliefs Justices vote in line with their political attitudes Not all issues clear-cut
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The Nature of Judicial Decision MakingPolitical influences on judicial decisions
Outside the Court: the public, groups, and elected officials Court cannot move too far from public opinion Interest groups Congressional legislation and presidential appointments
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Judicial Power and Democratic GovernmentOriginalism theory versus living constitution theory
Originalism: determine and preserve founders’ intentLiving constitution: adaptable to changing social situation
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Judicial Power and Democratic GovernmentJudicial restraint versus judicial activism
Restraint: judges should abide by precedent and legislationActivism: judges should interpret Constitution and statutes
in light of established principles when elected officials fail to do so
What is the judiciary’s proper role?
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